Prefabricated reinforced-concrete single-family dwelling and method for erecting said dwelling

Abstract

The invention relates to a prefabricated reinforced-concrete single-family dwelling and method for erecting said dwelling, the principal components of which, such as pillars ( 1 ), enclosing walls ( 4 ), slabs ( 7 ), roof ( 9 ), etc., are prefabricated at the workshop from reinforced concrete. Not only the slabs ( 7 ) but also the enclosing walls ( 4 ) carry precise installations integrated into their interior. The elements are positioned mechanically in accordance with the dwelling layout. Starting with the foundations, produced in situ, the tie beams and corresponding seatings for supporting the enclosure walls ( 4 ) are made, proceeding, in correlative order, to erection of the dwelling with interior and dividing enclosing walls ( 8 ), staircases ( 13 ), slabs ( 7 ) and exterior enclosing walls ( 4 ), finishing with the roof ( 9 ), in order subsequently to proceed to connecting the various installations between enclosing walls and false ceilings where they are incorporated.

1 . A prefabricated reinforced-concrete single-family dwelling of the type constructed based on prefabricated reinforced-concrete elements, which are made in a workshop in reinforced concrete, for subsequently putting them on site, mechanically positioning them in accordance with the dwelling layout, characterized by the fact of comprising one-step prefabricated reinforced-concrete pillars ( 1 ) embedded in the foundations with braced footings ( 2 ), which are used as guides for the enclosing walls ( 4 ) and dividing enclosing walls ( 8 ), which adopt different forms according to their placement; prefabricated reinforced-concrete enclosing wall panels ( 4 ) providing load-bearing capacity to the assembly; prefabricated interior panels ( 8 ) which are in charge of the inner distribution of the dwelling; prefabricated reinforced-concrete slabs ( 7 ) which are supported on the enclosing wall panels ( 4 ); a prefabricated reinforced-concrete gable roof ( 9 ) with special parts ( 9   b ) for forming the dormers ( 10 ); a continuous prefabricated reinforced-concrete ridge beam ( 11 ) with two supports in the head of the pillars ( 1 ), said supports being joints made by means of weld beads in the sides; and staircases ( 13 ), formed by whole prefabricated reinforced-concrete parts. 
   
   
       2 . The prefabricated reinforced-concrete single-family dwelling according to  claim 1 , characterized by the fact that the side pillars ( 1 ) are shorter than the central pillars; and in that the pillars ( 1 ), with a suitable longitudinal reinforcement have a groove ( 3 ) belonging to the tongue and groove jointing mechanism with the enclosing wall panel ( 4 ), the measurement of which will vary depending on the pillar. 
   
   
       3 . The prefabricated reinforced-concrete single-family dwelling according to  claims 1  and  2 , characterized by the fact that each of the pillars ( 1 ) has a series of metal flat bars ( 5 ) coupled in the grooves ( 3 ), which are used for carrying out welded joints between the upper edges of the enclosing wall panel ( 4 ) and the actual flat bar ( 5 ) of the pillar ( 1 ), achieving that the enclosing wall ( 4 ) not only works due to gravity, but rather also collaborates in the horizontal direction. 
   
   
       4 . The prefabricated reinforced-concrete single-family dwelling according to  claims 1  to  3 , characterized by the fact that the enclosing wall panels ( 4 ) incorporate a skirt ( 6 ) running along the entire panel, located in the upper area, covering the edge of the slabs ( 7 ). 
   
   
       5 . The prefabricated reinforced-concrete single-family dwelling according to  claims 1  to  4 , characterized by the fact that the roof ( 9 ) is formed by parts ( 9   a ) which are supported in two points: in the ridge beam ( 11 ), where it is inserted into a horizontal groove ( 12 ), and in the enclosing wall ( 4 ), where they have a part preventing the movement and at the same time carrying out the function of a beam. 
   
   
       6 . The prefabricated reinforced-concrete single-family dwelling according to  claims 1  to  5 , characterized by the fact that there are two different types of staircases ( 13 ); the first type has two joints ( 21 ) welded to the slabs ( 7 ), and the second type is the staircase joining the semi-basement ( 17 ) with the slab ( 7 ) of the first floor ( 18 ), which is supported on the ground plate ( 16 ) and has a joint ( 21 ) welded to the slab ( 7 ) of the first floor ( 18 );
 and in that a series of supports have been placed in the enclosing walls ( 4 ) without load-bearing capacity for facilitating its erecting.   
   
   
       7 . The prefabricated reinforced-concrete single-family dwelling according to  claims 1  to  6 , characterized by the fact that the lateral forces exerted by the roof ( 9 ) are solved by incorporating the welded joints between enclosing walls ( 4 ) and pillars ( 1 ), therefore the tailings are not only by gravity but rather there is also a collaboration against lateral stresses, and in that the possible seismic risk is solved in the same way since it is a wide building. 
   
   
       8 . The prefabricated reinforced-concrete single-family dwelling according to  claims 1  to  7 , characterized by the fact that the pillars ( 1 ) are transported and erected by means of two bolts traversing the entire section, erecting and placing the enclosing walls ( 4 ) with two securing points which are housed in the upper edge thereof, and that the slabs ( 7 ) are placed with four anchors in the upper face, joined to the main framework in the pre-fabricating process. 
   
   
       9 . The prefabricated reinforced-concrete single-family dwelling according to  claims 1  to  8 , characterized by the fact that all local installations are made in the same process for fabricating the part of the enclosing wall ( 4 ) or interior walling ( 8 ) such that the wiring ( 14 ) with its casing is included in the molds in which the enclosing walls ( 4 ) and interior panels ( 8 ) and interior partitions ( 8 ) are made with concrete, being embedded once the concrete has been poured. 
   
   
       10 . The prefabricated reinforced-concrete single-family dwelling according to  claims 1  to  9 , characterized by the fact that once the installations are distributed in the enclosing walls ( 4 ) and interior panels ( 8 ), there is a general concealed network running above the false ceiling which is in charge of being connected to the local mains sockets ( 15 ) which are in the upper edge of the enclosing walls, and in that there are passages made in each of the floors of slabs ( 7 ) for the distribution in height of all the installations, which consist of the hot and cold water, plumbing, heating, electric installation, communications and domotic installations, all complying with the regulation in force for each case. 
   
   
       11 . A method for erecting a prefabricated reinforced-concrete single-family dwelling, characterized by the fact that it is carried out in an ordered manner so as to not create a load decompensation, carrying it out increasing in height in the following way:
 foundations are created by means of braced footings ( 2 ) braced with one another such that in addition to including the loads of the pillar ( 1 ), they are used as support for the enclosing walls ( 4 ),   a perfectly level ground plate ( 16 ) is extended on which the pillars ( 1 ) are embedded in corresponding footings ( 2 ),   the exterior enclosing walls ( 4 ) are erected, which at the start the enclosing walls of the semibasement ( 17 ) will be the first to be placed, embedding the enclosing wall panel ( 4 ) through the grooves ( 3 ) of the pillars ( 1 ) from the head thereof to the support of the foundations,   in that the erecting process fulfills two criteria: The erecting is carried out linearly and increasing in height, being divided into repetitive levels of enclosing wall panels ( 4 ) and slabs ( 7 ), according to the following process:   first Level—Semibasement ( 17 ) Foundations (footings ( 2 )), ground plate ( 16 ), pillars ( 1 ), exterior enclosing wall panels ( 4 ), interior panels ( 8 ), staircase ( 13 ),   second Level—Ground floor ( 18 ) Slabs ( 7 ), exterior panels ( 4 ), interior panels ( 8 ), staircase ( 13 ),   third Level—First floor ( 19 ) Slabs ( 7 ), Exterior panels ( 4 ), interior panels ( 8 ), staircase ( 13 ),   fourth Level—Attic ( 20 ) Slabs ( 7 ), exterior panels ( 4 ), interior panels ( 8 ), parts of roof ( 9 ).   
   
   
       12 . The prefabricated reinforced-concrete single-family dwelling according to  claims 1  to  10 , carried out by means of the erecting process described in  claim 11 .