Waste disposal plant and related process

Abstract

Waste disposal plant comprising a tank ( 3 ) for holding reactant substances ( 5 ) with a high carbon content; a tank ( 9 ) for holding dry products; a water pipe ( 20 ) for supplying the plant with water ( 21 ); a reactor ( 24 ) with a plasma torch ( 25 ); a logic control unit for channeling, to the reactor ( 24 ), controlled amounts of reactant substances, dry products and water ( 21 ), determining their disintegration through pyrolysis forming wastes ( 32 ) and a synthesis gas ( 31 ) having carbonaceous compounds, water vapour and oxygen contents measures through diagnostics means ( 36, 37, 39 ) arranged to intercept the synthesis gas ( 31 ) and controlled in feedback by the logic control unit through the controlled actuation of transport means and a valve ( 23 ) of the water pipe ( 20 ).

1 ) Waste disposal plant, in particular municipal waste, which comprises:
 at least one first tank ( 3 ) for holding reactant substances ( 5 ) with high amounts of carbon;   at least one second tank ( 9 ) for holding dry products containing lower amounts of carbon with respect to the one of said reactant substances ( 5 );   at least one water pipe ( 20 ) intercepted by at least one valve ( 23 ) for a controlled supply of the plant with water ( 21 );   at least one reactor ( 24 ) provided with at least one plasma torch ( 25 );   one logic control unit adapted to convey to said reactor ( 24 ) controlled amount of said reactant substances, of said dry products and of said water ( 21 ) through said first controlled actuation transport means, second controlled actuation transport means and said water pipe ( 20 ) intercepted by said valve ( 23 ), determining its disintegration through pyrolysis with formation of wastes ( 32 ) and a synthesis gas ( 31 ) having contents in carbonaceous compounds, in water vapour and in oxygen measured by diagnostics means ( 36 ,  37 ,  39 ) arranged to intercept the synthesis gas ( 31 ) and controlled in feedback by said logic controlled unit in communication with said diagnostics means ( 36 ,  37 ,  39 ), through the controlled actuation of said first and second transport means and said valve ( 23 ) of said water pipe ( 20 ).   
   
   
       2 ) Plant according to  claim 1 , characterised in that said synthesis gas ( 31 ) is enriched to provide a combustion with an oxidant mixture ( 35 ), in particular oxygen, supplied by means of a pipe ( 34 ) in a manner regulated by the logic control unit through a valve ( 38 ). 
   
   
       3 ) Plant according to  claim 2 , characterised in that said combustion is exploited in an engine or in a turbine ( 80 ) for generating electric energy. 
   
   
       4 ) Plant according to  claim 2 , characterised in that said combustion is exploited in an exchanger ( 60 ) for generating thermal energy for a heating system. 
   
   
       5 ) Plant according to  claim 1 , characterised in said diagnostics means comprise at least one lambda probe adapted to intercept the flow of the synthesis gas to detect, through analysis of the radiations emitted, the amount of oxygen present therein. 
   
   
       6 ) Plant according to  claim 1 , characterised in that said diagnostics means comprise at least one infrared probe ( 37 ) adapted to intercept the flow of synthesis gas to detect, through analysis of the radiations emitted, the amount of vapour and carbonaceous compounds present therein. 
   
   
       7 ) Plant according to  claim 1 , characterised in that said diagnostics means comprise at least one thermal probe ( 36 ) for detecting the temperature inside the reactor. 
   
   
       8 ) Plant according to  claim 1 , characterised in that it comprises at least one third tank ( 12 ) for holding wet products. 
   
   
       9 ) Plant according to  claim 1 , characterised in that said first tank ( 3 ) is provided with a level sensor ( 6 ) connected to said control unit. 
   
   
       10 ) Plant according to  claims 8 , characterised in that said first tank ( 3 ), said second tank ( 9 ) and said third tank ( 12 ) are provided with loading cells ( 7 ) connected to said control unit. 
   
   
       11 ) Plant according to  claim 1 , characterised in that it comprises at least one fourth tank ( 15 ) for holding inert minerals. 
   
   
       12 ) Plant according to  claim 1 , characterised in that it comprises a framework ( 2 ) fixed below the road level emerging from which are the pipes ( 4 ,  16 ,  10 ,  13 ) for supplying the tanks and chimney ( 43 ) for discharging the fumes. 
   
   
       13 ) Plant according to  claim 1 , characterised in that it comprises a second exchanger ( 44 ) for intercepting the fumes before being released by a chimney ( 43 ) to discharge the fumes. 
   
   
       14 ) Plant according to  claims 1  characterised in that it comprises a grinder and/or a compactor adapted to receive the products in foamed form from a pipe and introduce them in compact form into one of said tanks. 
   
   
       15 ) Waste disposal process, in particular for municipal waste, by means of a plant according to  claim 1 , which comprises:
 an initial starting step, wherein the plasma torch ( 25 ) is supplied with water and said reactant substances ( 5 ) with high carbon content;   a step for analysing the synthesis gas through diagnostics means ( 36 ,  37 ,  39 );   at least one operating step wherein said logic control unit controls the channeling, to said reactor ( 24 ), of controlled amounts of said reactant substances, said dry products and said water ( 21 ) through the control of said first transport means, said second transport means and said valve ( 23 ) of the water pipe ( 20 ), maintaining the carbonaceous compounds, water vapour and oxygen contents measured by the diagnostics means in said synthesis gas within the preset values.