Starlum system for construction of houses and buildings for one or several stories

Abstract

It is a constructive system that improves, facilitates and reduces costs in the construction of houses and buildings of one or more stories, through a new type of electro-welded steel structures pile up; through a new type of smart concrete blocks, that assembles one to each other with mortars, (mortars are blind view), because it always place to the interior of the blocks, which are linked to pillars through steel clips, whose role is make perpendicular and align; through a new type galvanized steel profiles to build roofs, which are joined to each other through connectors that allow them to easily take any degree of slope, and, through a new type of structural aluminum molds, which are used to build pillars, beams and slabs of reinforced concrete. Its main advantages are: 1. Reduces 43.22% the direct cost of construction (materials and workmanship direct) from each house basic (foundation, structure, concrete floor, metallic structure of the roof, and walls) 2. Increases 50% worker productivity 3. Reduces 50% use of mortar. 4. Improving the structural condition of homes to withstand earthquakes and hurricanes. 5. All materials used are not combustible. 6. The finishing of the walls is perfect, it does not require plaster. 7. The use of mortar inside the blocks to join them with each other, allows the pre-painted, manufactured blocks, achieving a perfect finish, and reducing the cost of painting of the houses.

1 . The construction system of  claim 1  comprising to Starlum system as comprehensive method of build houses of one or more stories, which has been designed to reduce the cost of the houses, through productivity and efficiency, while improving the structural quality, with the goal that neither earthquakes or hurricanes destroy. All components of the system work related to each other, to make easy the constructive process, reduce execution times, lower costs and provide better structural quality and long-term the durability of the houses. The reinforce concrete of the plinths, the reinforced concrete beams with steel electro welded, the pillars of concrete reinforced with steel structures electro welded, the walls with concrete blocks tied to the pillars through clips steel, reinforced upper concrete beams with electro welded steel structures, and metallic profiles of the roof fixed to the upper concrete beams, through expansion bolts, steel beams which can be graduate any degree of tilt through the connectors. All of these elements working together, offer a monolithic house that face successfully earthquakes and hurricanes. Versatility that have Starlum system is very important in relation to the electro-welded steel structures, as they may be amended in terms of thickness and distribution of steel, to make them more resilient, according to the criterion of technical engineers calculators, who according to the technical requirements of a specific real estate project, can apply to manufacturers who need modifications. On the whole this is the first and fundamental claim. 
   
   
       2 . The construction system of  claim 2  comprising steel electro welded structures shown in  FIGS. 4 ,  4 A,  5 ,  6 ,  7 ,  7 A,  8 ,  9 ,  10 ,  11 , are functioning how pillars or beams. Further comprising the function of stackable products shown in figs:  12  and  13 . This products are built with 4 rods of steel that are welded the stirrups by the three sides, leaving open the fourth side to ensure that they can stacked together, so that reduces the space taken in transportation. Further comprising: the feature of folding the tips of the stirrups, which strengthen the welding and improves behavior of the metal structure inside the concrete pillar. Further comprising: clips snap  13 ,  14 ,  16 ,  17 ,  20 , that are placed on the electro welded steel structures, square, rectangular or triangular, which are used in the construction of pillars, beams and slabs of concrete. These clips are assembled through a single hammer blow to strengthening them and placing them in the position, distribution and amounts determined by engineers calculators. Further comprising: the use of electro-welded steel structures square, rectangular or triangular, planted in the concrete floors to make floors reinforced work monolithic, thereby improving the quality earthquake resistant and anti hurricane of the houses. 
   
   
       3 . The construction system of  claim 3  comprising: the 4 steel clips shown in FIGS.:  14 ,  15 ,  16 ,  101 , that are used for insert into slots that has all concrete blocks, which enables them to join in strongly horizontal and perpendicular directions. Further the clips align and plumb the rest of the blocks after he had lifted the first row of them. 
   
   
       4 . The construction system of  claim 4  comprising: 27 concrete blocks shown in FIGS.:  17 ,  18 ,  19 ,  20 ,  21 ,  22 ,  23 ,  24 ,  25 ,  26 ,  27 ,  28 ,  29 ,  30 ,  31 ,  32 ,  33 ,  34 ,  35 ,  36 ,  37 ,  38 ,  39 ,  40 ,  41 ,  42 ,  43 , submitted, some are used for plank mold the pillars, beams, slabs of concrete and others to build the walls, which can be built with ease, speed, productivity and efficiency all kinds of homes and buildings to reduce construction costs and improve the structural quality of buildings. Further comprising: the holes and spikes of every block pillar to allow them to fit with each other, achieving a quick and efficient assembly. Further comprising: all the grooves, which had all the blocks, located accurately to enable easily fit into them the steel clips that unite them heavily, aligned and plumb. Further comprising: the action of placing mortar of union all the blocks inside them, in vertical and horizontal directions, leaving the mortar inside the blocks without being able seen from the outside the wall. This is accomplished by the construction of walls and finishes will be clean and perfect appearance. Further comprising: spikes that have all the blocks in its underside, which are embedded with each other vertically, with easily and fast. Further comprising: slots semicircular that has all the blocks in its underside, which is intended to leave a horizontal channel along every wall, which can be placed pipes electrical systems telephone, Computer, water, etc, avoided in this way the process to crush the walls after they have been placed blocks. Further comprising: the feature having the economic blocks of not having one of its sides, keeping perfectly all other functions shown in  FIGS. 22 and 36 . Further comprising: the stackable feature of the economic blocs that have, since it lacked one of its sides can fit into each other, thereby reducing the space they occupy in transportation, This also reduces the cost of transportation. Further comprising: slots vertical have the economic blocs, in all its height, which are designed to through the snap system will fit into them support PVC, which is used to place the sockets and switches the electrical system, telephone, cable TV, etc. 
   
   
       5 . The construction system of  claim 5  comprising: the use to build roofs, of the steel metallic profiles as a channel placed with their fins heading downwards shown in  FIG. 45 . With this profile are built all kinds of roofs with different inclinations for the entire model homes that can design architects. In this profile are placed by their foreign the connectors with two inclinations, and in its interior fittings of the diagonal beams and tensors to manufacture structural beams. Further comprising: feature that to withstand the loads of the roof, at a greater distance between supports, the metal profile will only be enlarges lateral fins prior structural calculation and solve the problem. 
   
   
       6 . The construction system of  claim 6  comprising: the connector of inclined beams  68  described in  FIG. 46 , which is inserted for the exterior of the metal beam and it is assembled on it using galvanized bolts of ⅜″. This connector joint through galvanized bolts ⅜″, the central beam of the roof with two laterals inclined beams, forming a knot very resilient and flexible, which can successfully resist the seismic forces and hurricanes. Further comprising, the role of vertical turn that the connector granted to the inclined beams, so they can turn down from an initial position from 0° to 90°. Further comprising the lateral grooves semicircular that has the connector beams tilted, which is sliding bolt that holds the inclined beam, to achieve the desired angle. Further comprising, the tubular holes that has inclined beam connector which inserts a bolt 3/0.8″ which serves as pivot to allow the inclined beam can be tilted downward to achieve the desired angle. Further comprising construction, the function that has the connector by which is insert from the outside of the central beam and is inserted in the interior of the sloping beams. In addition simultaneously embraces the central beam and tensor, which is used in the construction of the structural beams, using two bolts of ⅜″, which form a knot structural very strong. 
   
   
       7 . The construction system of  claim 7  comprising the horizontal beams connector  71 , which appears in  FIG. 47 , whose function is to unite the horizontal beams with the central diagonal beams. Further comprising the 3 holes of connection  70 , and slots semicircular which has on lateral sides  69 . 
   
   
       8 . The construction system of  claim 8  comprising the inclined beams connector  72  that appears in  FIG. 48 , which is used to build roofs on economic houses with low sizes, in which the central beam rests on a central pillar, so that the distance between supports of the central beam does not exceed 4 m. The role of this connector is to unite through galvanized bolts the central metal beam with two inclined beams laterals, achieving a slope of two inclinations and forming a very strong structural knot between the central beam and the two sloping beams. Further comprising, the holes simple and almost tubular holes through which to insert a bolt that serves as a pivot for the sloping beams can rotate. 
   
   
       9 . The construction system of  claim 9  comprising the connector  73  shown in  FIG. 49  which is used as an anchor that connects the horizontal metal beam with the sloping metal beam. Further comprising the hole simple and semi-tubular hole through which inserts a bolt that serves as a pivot for the sloping metal beam can rotate. 
   
   
       10 . The construction system of  claim 10  comprising the connector  80  of the metal beams of the roof that appears in  FIG. 55 . Further comprising, the elements that comprise the connector metal beams, which are shown in the  FIGS. 53 and 54 , who are: the anchor tubular steel  77  and the box steel  79 . Further comprising, the elements of the connector shown in  FIGS. 53 ,  54  and  55 , which are the holes fixing  77 A, the holes  70  through which is placed the galvanized bolt ⅜″ which assembles parts of the connector  80 , the holes  70 A for which is inserted Galvanized steel bolt that serves as pivot, and the semi-circular holes  69  by which slide the bolt of ⅜″, which places the metal beams in the desired angle. 
   
   
       11 . The construction system of  claim 11  comprising: the connector diagonal beams  83  contained in  FIG. 60 , which is used to join the central metal beam with three diagonal beams providing them with a system for work with inclination vertical and horizontal movement from an original position from 0° to 90°, which allows easily be located in the site and the desired degree of inclination on the concrete beams that are on the walls of houses. Further comprising, the elements that integrate them which are disarmed in  FIGS. 56 and 58 , and are: the profile  81  with 3 holes tubular  70  by which they inserted three bolts of galvanized steel ⅜″, which function as three pivots to provide the turn horizontal to diagonal beams. In addition the holes  70 A where it is positioned the bolt to function as the pivot to provide the turning vertically to connector  81 , and the semi-circular slot  69  by which is positioned the bolt that slide down until achieving the desired angle. The box  82 , which are used to hold the diagonal beams and give them the turn horizontal from 0° to 90°. The holes  82 A that has the box  82 , where the steel bolts ⅜″ are insert to act as pivots and holes  70  which are used to set firmly diagonal beams. Further comprising the function that provides the connector  83  by which the diagonal beams  1 A,  1 B and  1 C, can be moved in horizontal direction from 0° to 90°, as shown in  FIG. 61 . Further comprising: the function that provides the connector  83 , by which the diagonal beams can be moved vertically from 0° to 90°, starting from the top to down, as shown in  FIG. 118   
   
   
       12 . The construction system of  claim 12  comprising: the connector  87 , which shown in  FIG. 63 , which is used to fix the metal structures of the roof on the concrete beams that are above the walls of the houses, as shown in  FIG. 64 . Further comprising: the holes  70  which is used to insert expansion bolts of ⅜″, which fix the metal structures of the roof on the concrete beams. It also includes the grooves  69 , which fits the bolt that set the connector  87  with the metal beam. 
   
   
       13 . The construction system of  claim 13  comprising the metal molds  90 ,  92 ,  93  which shown in  FIGS. 65 ,  66  and  67 , which are used to plank molding foundation beams, upper beams, pillars or concrete slabs. Further comprising: the system of rectangular holes  91  who have all the molds in which they insert clips snap that unite them with precision. These holes are placed every 2″, so that whenever two or more molds come together, always coincide the rectangular holes ones with others and were able to unite with clips snap  94 . 
   
   
       14 . The construction system of  claim 14  comprising the connector  95  and  96 , which shown in  FIGS. 68 and 69 , which is used to join with each other molds  90  in its interior and exterior parts when operating as plank mold of concrete beam of foundation. 
   
   
       15 . The construction system of  claim 15  comprising, the clip snap  94  shown in  FIG. 71 . Is used as an element of joins among all kinds of metallic molds of the Starlum System. Further comprising, the recesses  94 A, of the clip snap  94 , which are used to be inserted in the rectangular holes that has metal molds, which operates the system snap, and produce a strong and resistant union that holding adequately molds with each other. Further comprising: the fins  100  that has the clip snap  94 , whose inclination make operate the system snap and allows also to the worker pressing them with fingers can get out clips snap in the ungroup process. 
   
   
       16 . The construction system of  claim 16  comprising the use of mortar to the interior of the blocks, which operate provides to Starlum System greater resistance to the union between blocks, as opposed to traditional system used in the United States and the rest of the world. Besides the Starlum system is the only one that shows a finished, perfect, and clean without waste mortar on the walls, with the great advantage that they do not need plaster the house walls after has been finished the lift of the walls. 
   
   
       17 . The construction system of  claim 17  comprising: the role of the blocks  2 ,  31 ,  9 ,  41 ,  46 ,  50 ,  51 ,  49 ,  144 ,  163 , as plank mold of concrete pillar, beams, and slabs, as shown in  FIGS. 85 ,  86 ,  87 ,  88 ,  89 ,  90 ,  91 ,  92 ,  93 ,  94 ,  95 ,  98 ,  99 ,  100 ,  102 ,  103 ,  104 ,  105 ,  106 ,  134 ,  135 ,  137 ,  138 ,  10 ,  141 ,  142 ,  153 ,  155 ,  156 . 
   
   
       18 . The construction system of  claim 18  comprising: the role that achieve together blocks pillar  2 ,  9  and  31 , which when assembled with beam blocks  41 , generate a continuous channel, which allows very easily be placed within the electro welded metal structures and that can to cast the concrete of the beam, as shown in  FIG. 94 . 
   
   
       19 . The construction system of  claim 19  comprising: the role of the blocks  2 ,  9 ,  31 , as plank mold of concrete pillars, in shape square, rectangular, type L, type T and type cross, as shown in  FIGS. 100 ,  102 ,  103 ,  104 ,  105 ,  106 .