Agent for reducing the useable calorie content of food and for therapeutic reduction of weight, in particular for use in the case of adiposity (obesity)

Abstract

An agent for reducing the useable calorie content of food is described which contains a compound effecting the dehydrogenation of fructose to 5-keto-D-fructose. In addition, a combination agent is described which also contains a compound that converts glucose to fructose. These agents can be used in particular in the therapy of adiposity (obesity).

1 - 262 . (canceled) 
   
   
       263 . A mammalian ingestible composition of matter selected from a pharmaceutical composition and a dietary supplement, said composition of matter comprising 5-D-fructose dehydrogenase and a carrier or excipient that is acceptable for use in pharmaceutical compositions or foodstuffs. 
   
   
       264 . A mammalian ingestible composition of matter according to  claim 263 , further comprising a second enzyme selected from the group consisting of a glucose isomerase, maltase, invertase, lactase, alpha-amylase, beta-amylase, glucoamylase, pullulanase, isoamylase, amyloglucosidase, cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase, and mixtures thereof. 
   
   
       265 . A composition of matter according to  claim 264  which is in unit dosage form. 
   
   
       266 . A composition of matter according to  claim 265  which is in an orally administrable form. 
   
   
       267 . A composition of matter according to  claim 266  which is in a form selected from (a) the group consisting of a tablet, capsule, gel cap, pellet and dragee, and (b) powder or liquid form which is contained in a single-dose container. 
   
   
       268 . A composition of matter according to  claim 264  wherein said 5-D-fructose dehydrogenase is protected by a coating which is stable at pH below 4. 
   
   
       269 . A composition of matter according to  claim 268  wherein said composition of matter is in unit dosage form and said coating protects the entire dosage unit. 
   
   
       270 . A composition of matter according to  claim 264  wherein said 5-D-fructose dehydrogenase is microencapsulated. 
   
   
       271 . A composition of matter according to  claim 264  wherein said 5-D-fructose dehydrogenase constitutes between 5 and 99.9% by weight of the composition of matter. 
   
   
       272 . A composition of matter according to  claim 265  wherein said unit dosage contains between 50 and 1 million units of 5-D-fructose dehydrogenase activity. 
   
   
       273 . A composition of matter according to  claim 264  wherein said composition of matter comprises a coating which dissolves at a pH of 5.5 or higher. 
   
   
       274 . A composition of matter according to  claim 264  wherein said 5-D-fructose dehydrogenase is not contained in an inorganic-based sol-gel biocompatible matrix. 
   
   
       275 . A composition of matter according to  claim 264  wherein said second enzyme is a glucose isomerase. 
   
   
       276 . A composition of matter according to  claim 275 , further comprising a third enzyme selected from the group consisting of invertase, maltase, lactase, alpha-amylase, beta-amylase, glucoamylase, pullulanase, isoamylase, amyloglucosidase, cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase and mixtures thereof 
   
   
       277 . A composition of matter according to  claim 264 , wherein said second enzyme is selected from the group consisting of lactase, alpha-amylase, beta-amylase, glucoamylase, pullulanase, isoamylase, amyloglucosidase, cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase and mixtures thereof. 
   
   
       278 . A foodstuff which comprises 5-D-fructose dehydrogenase wherein at least some of said 5-D-fructose dehydrogenase is present in said foodstuff in a form in which said 5-D-fructose dehydrogenase will be released in active form to act on fructose which is present in or released from said foodstuff after ingestion of said foodstuff 
   
   
       279 . A foodstuff according to  claim 278  which further comprises a second enzyme selected from the group consisting of a glucose isomerase, invertase, maltase, lactase, alpha-amylase, beta-amylase, glucoamylase, pullulanase, isoamylase, amyloglucosidase, cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase and mixtures thereof, wherein at least one of the following is true: (a) at least some of said second enzyme is present in said foodstuff in active form in which said second enzyme can act on a substrate which is present in or released from said foodstuff before ingestion of said foodstuff, and (b) at least some of said second enzyme is present in said foodstuff in a form in which said second enzyme will be released in active form to act on a substrate which is present in or released from said foodstuff after ingestion of said foodstuff. 
   
   
       280 . A foodstuff according to  claim 279  wherein said foodstuff is a fructose equivalent-containing foodstuff. 
   
   
       281 . A foodstuff according to  claim 279  wherein said foodstuff is a fructose-containing foodstuff or a glucose-containing foodstuff. 
   
   
       282 . A foodstuff according to  claim 279 , wherein said foodstuff is selected from the group consisting of a baked foodstuff, a cooked foodstuff, and a liquid foodstuff. 
   
   
       283 . A foodstuff according to  claim 279  wherein said 5-D-fructose dehydrogenase is not contained in an inorganic-based sol-gel biocompatible matrix. 
   
   
       284 . A foodstuff according to  claim 279  wherein said second enzyme is a glucose isomerase. 
   
   
       285 . A foodstuff according to  claim 284  wherein at least one of said 5-D-fructose dehydrogenase and said glucose isomerase is microencapsulated. 
   
   
       286 . A foodstuff according to  claim 279  wherein said foodstuff is substantially free of substances which are not approved for oral human ingestion. 
   
   
       287 . A method of treating adiposity, reducing the effect of adiposity on a mammalian body, reducing the effect of D-fructose in a mammalian body, or reducing the effect of total fructose in a mammalian body, comprising administering to a subject in need of such treatment or reduction an efficacious amount of 5-D-fructose dehydrogenase. 
   
   
       288 . A method according to  claim 287 , further comprising administering to said subject a second enzyme selected from the group consisting of a glucose isomerase, invertase, maltase, lactase, alpha-amylase, beta-amylase, glucoamylase, pullulanase, isoamylase, amyloglucosidase, cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase and mixtures thereof. 
   
   
       289 . A method according to  claim 287 , wherein said 5-D-fructose dehydrogenase is administered prior to eating, immediately prior to eating, concurrently with eating, immediately after eating or after eating. 
   
   
       290 . A method according to  claim 288 , wherein said second enzyme is administered prior to eating, immediately prior to eating, concurrently with eating, immediately after eating or after eating. 
   
   
       291 . A method according to  claim 290 , wherein said second enzyme is selected from a glucose isomerase, invertase, maltase, and mixtures thereof. 
   
   
       292 . A method according to  claim 287 , wherein said administration comprises oral administration. 
   
   
       293 . A method according to  claim 287 , wherein said effect of said D-fructose or total fructose is selected from: (i) adiposity, (ii) caloric intake via fructose metabolism, (iii) caloric intake via glucose metabolism, (iv) a deleterious effect on the weight or health of said mammal, and (v) any of the group of (a) weight gain (b) acceleration of weight gain (c) the prevention of weight loss and (d) a lessening of the rate of weight loss. 
   
   
       294 . A process for preparing a 5-D-fructose dehydrogenase-containing and second enzyme-containing foodstuff, the process comprising adding to a foodstuff or foodstuff precursor 5-D-fructose dehydrogenase and a second enzyme selected from the group consisting of a glucose isomerase, invertase, maltase, lactase, alpha-amylase, beta-amylase, glucoamylase, pullulanase, isoamylase, amyloglucosidase, cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase and mixtures thereof, at least some of said 5-D-fructose dehydrogenase being in a form in which said 5-D-fructose dehydrogenase will be released in active form to act on fructose present in or released from said foodstuff after said foodstuff is ingested, and at least one of the following being true:
 (a) at least some of said second enzyme is in an active form in which said second enzyme can act on a substrate which is
 (i) present in or released from said foodstuff precursor or 
 (ii) present in or released from said foodstuff before ingestion of said foodstuff, and 
   (b) at least some of said second enzyme is present in said foodstuff in a form in which said second enzyme will be released in active form to act on a substrate which is present in or released from said foodstuff after ingestion of said foodstuff,   
     and completing any additional steps necessary to prepare said foodstuff, whereby to obtain said 5-D-fructose dehydrogenase-containing and second-enzyme containing foodstuff. 
   
   
       295 . A kit comprising 5-D-fructose dehydrogenase and instructions explaining how to use said 5-D-fructose dehydrogenase to do at least one of (a) treat adiposity, (b) reduce the effects of adiposity on a mammalian body, (c) reduce the effects of 5-D-fructose in a mammalian body and (d) reduce the effects of total fructose in a mammalian body. 
   
   
       296 . A kit according to  claim 295 , wherein said instructions explain how to use said 5-D-fructose dehydrogenase alone to do at least one of (a) treat adiposity, (b) reduce the effects of adiposity on a mammalian body, (c) reduce the effects of 5-D-fructose in a mammalian body and (d) reduce the effects of total fructose in a mammalian body. 
   
   
       297 . A kit according to  claim 295 , wherein said instructions explain how to use said 5-D-fructose dehydrogenase in combination with a second enzyme selected from the group consisting of a glucose isomerase, invertase, maltase, lactase, alpha-amylase, beta-amylase, glucoamylase, pullulanase, isoamylase, amyloglucosidase, cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase and mixtures thereof, to do at least one of (a) treat adiposity, (b) reduce the effects of adiposity on a mammalian body, (c) reduce the effects of 5-D-fructose in a mammalian body and (d) reduce the effects of total fructose in a mammalian body. 
   
   
       298 . A kit according to  claim 297  which further comprises a second enzyme selected from the group consisting of a glucose isomerase, invertase, maltase, lactase, alpha-amylase, beta-amylase, glucoamylase, pullulanase, isoamylase, amyloglucosidase, cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase, and mixtures thereof. 
   
   
       299 . A method for preparing a reduced-total fructose foodstuff, comprising contacting a foodstuff or foodstuff precursor with 5-D-fructose dehydrogenase, a glucose isomerase and at least one enzyme that cleaves glucose or fructose from saccharide chains having at least two saccharide monomers and completing any additional steps necessary to prepare said foodstuff, provided that said foodstuff precursor is not a dough and said foodstuff is not a dough or a baked foodstuff. 
   
   
       300 . A composition of matter according to  claim 275 , wherein at least one of said 5-D-fructose dehydrogenase and said glucose isomerase is isolated from a natural, synthetic, and/or recombinant source. 
   
   
       301 . A foodstuff according to  claim 284 , wherein at least one of said 5-D-fructose dehydrogenase and said glucose isomerase is isolated from a natural, synthetic, or recombinant source. 
   
   
       302 . A method according to  claim 287 , wherein said second enzyme is a glucose isomerase, and at least one of said 5-D-fructose dehydrogenase and said glucose isomerase is isolated from a natural, synthetic, or recombinant source. 
   
   
       303 . A process according to  claim 294 , wherein said second enzyme is a glucose isomerase, and at least one of said 5-D-fructose dehydrogenase and said glucose isomerase is isolated from a natural, synthetic, or recombinant source. 
   
   
       304 . A kit according to  claim 298 , wherein said second enzyme is a glucose isomerase, and at least one of said 5-D-fructose dehydrogenase and said glucose isomerase is isolated from a natural, synthetic, or recombinant source. 
   
   
       305 . A foodstuff which comprises 5-D-fructose dehydrogenase, wherein said foodstuff is not a dough. 
   
   
       306 . A foodstuff according to  claim 305 , which further comprises a second enzyme selected from the group consisting of a glucose isomerase, invertase, maltase, lactase, alpha-amylase, beta-amylase, glucoamylase, pullulanase, isoamylase, amyloglucosidase, cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase, and mixtures thereof. 
   
   
       307 . A foodstuff according to  claim 306  which is in unit dosage form. 
   
   
       308 . A foodstuff according to  claim 307 , wherein said foodstuff is in a form selected from (a) the group consisting of a tablet, capsule, gel cap, pellet and dragee, and (b) powder or liquid form which is contained in a single-dose container.