Bioconjugated nanoparticles

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to compositions and methods for the treatment of a disease, e.g., cancer or pathogenic infection, using a bioconjugated nanoparticle comprising a biocompatible quantum dot conjugated to a targeting moiety. The targeting moiety allows for the nanopaticle to bind to a cancer cell or pathogenic organism. The quantum dot, upon excitation by soft x-rays, emits electromagnetic radiation at a frequency of ultraviolet light, thereby allowing for the disruption of the DNA found in the cancer cell or pathogenic organism.

1 . A bioconjugated nanoparticle comprising at least one quantum dot and at least one targeting moiety, wherein said quantum dot, when excited by electromagnetic radiation at a frequency of soft x-ray, emits electromagnetic radiation at a frequency of ultraviolet light. 
     
     
         2 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 1 , wherein said soft x-rays comprise electromagnetic radiation comprising a wavelength in the range of 0.1 nm to 200 nm. 
     
     
         3 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 2 , wherein said soft x-rays comprise electromagnetic radiation comprising a wavelength in the range of 1 nm to 15 nm. 
     
     
         4 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 1 , wherein said ultraviolet light frequency comprises electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength frequency in the range of 1 nm to 280 nm. 
     
     
         5 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 4 , wherein said ultraviolet light frequency comprises electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength frequency in the range of 100 nm to 260 nm. 
     
     
         6 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 1 , wherein said quantum dot comprises a wide band gap. 
     
     
         7 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 6 , wherein said quantum dot is comprised of an inert material. 
     
     
         8 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 1 , wherein said quantum dot is selected from the group consisting of gallium nitride, aluminum gallium nitride, zinc oxide, aluminum nitride, boron nitride and diamond. 
     
     
         9 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 1 , wherein said quantum dot is in a range from 1 to 50 nm. 
     
     
         10 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 9 , wherein said quantum dot is in a range from 1 to 40 nm. 
     
     
         11 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 10 , wherein said quantum dot is in a range from 1 to 10 nm. 
     
     
         12 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 1 , wherein said quantum dot is coated with a biocompatible material. 
     
     
         13 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 12 , wherein said biocompatible material is selected from the group consisting of a lipid, a carbohydrate, a polysaccharide, a protein, a polymer, a glycoprotein, and a glycolipid. 
     
     
         14 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 1 , further comprising a linker, wherein said linker attaches said targeting moiety to said quantum dot. 
     
     
         15 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 1 , wherein said targeting moiety has specificity to a marker expressed by a cancer cell or pathogen. 
     
     
         16 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 14 , wherein said marker is expressed extracellularly. 
     
     
         17 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 14 , wherein said targeting moiety is selected from the group consisting of an antibodies and fragments thereof, haptens, polypeptides, oligonucleotides, anti-sense RNA, Peptide Nucleic Acids, proteins, chimeric proteins, fusion proteins, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         18 . A bioconjugated nanoparticle comprising a biocompatably-coated quantum dot, a linker, and a targeting moiety, wherein said quantum dot has a wide band gap such that when exposed to electromagnetic radiation within a wavelength range of 0.1 nm to 200 nm, said quantum dot will emit ultraviolet light in a wavelength of 100 nm to 260 nm. 
     
     
         19 . A method of treating a disease in a subject in vivo using a bioconjugated nanoparticle comprising the steps of:
 a. administering to a subject an effective amount of a biocompatible quantum dot conjugated to a targeting moiety, wherein said targeting moiety is specific for a predictive marker of said disease;   b. administering to said subject an effective amount of electromagnetic radiation, wherein said electromagnetic radiation is at a frequency of soft-x-ray that interacts with the quantum dot thereby emitting light at an ultraviolet frequency; and   wherein said emission of said ultraviolet light reduces the effects of the disease.   
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 19 , wherein said disease is a cancer. 
     
     
         21 . The method of  claim 19 , wherein said disease is a pathogenic infection. 
     
     
         22 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 19 , wherein said soft x-rays comprise electromagnetic radiation comprising a wavelength in the range of 0.1 nm to 200 nm. 
     
     
         23 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 22 , wherein said soft x-rays comprise electromagnetic radiation comprising a wavelength in the range of 1 nm to 15 nm. 
     
     
         24 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 19 , wherein said ultraviolet light frequency comprises electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength frequency in the range of 50 nm to 280 nm. 
     
     
         25 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 24 , wherein said ultraviolet light frequency comprises electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength frequency in the range of 100 nm to 260 nm. 
     
     
         26 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 19 , wherein said quantum dot comprises a wide band gap. 
     
     
         27 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 26 , wherein said quantum dot is comprised of an inert material. 
     
     
         28 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 19 , wherein said quantum dot is selected from the group consisting of gallium nitride, gallium arsenide zinc oxide, aluminum nitride, boron nitride and diamond. 
     
     
         29 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 19 , wherein said quantum dot is in a range from 1 to 50 nm. 
     
     
         30 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 29 , wherein said quantum dot is in a range from 1 to 40 nm. 
     
     
         31 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 30 , wherein said quantum dot is in a range from 1 to 10 nm. 
     
     
         32 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 19 , wherein said quantum dot is coated with a biocompatible material. 
     
     
         33 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 32 , wherein said biocompatible material is selected from the group consisting of a lipid, a carbohydrate, a polysaccharide, a protein, a polymer, a glycoprotein, and a glycolipid. 
     
     
         34 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 19 , further comprising a linker, wherein said linker attaches said targeting moiety to said quantum dot. 
     
     
         35 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 19 , wherein said targeting moiety is specific for a marker of said disease. 
     
     
         36 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 35 , wherein said targeting moiety is selected from the group consisting of an antibody or fragments thereof, haptens, polypeptides, oligonucleotides, anti-sense RNA, Peptide Nucleic Acids, proteins, chimeric proteins, fusion proteins, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         37 . A method of designing and administering a personalized therapy for the treatment of a disease in a subject comprising the steps of
 a. Obtaining a sample of the disease from said subject;   b. Culturing said sample in vitro;   c. Determining the expression of a predictive marker;   d. Designing a targeting moiety specific for said predictive marker;   e. Attaching said targeting moiety to a quantum dot to form a bioconjugated bioconjugated nanoparticle, wherein said quantum dot has a wide band gap such that when exposed to electromagnetic radiation at a soft x-ray frequency, said quantum dot will emit light at an ultraviolet frequency;   f. Administering said bioconjugated nanoparticle to said subject; and   g. Administering to said subject electromagnetic radiation, wherein said electromagnetic radiation is at a frequency that interacts with the quantum dot whereby said quantum dot emits light at an ultraviolet frequency thereby treating said disease.   
     
     
         38 . The method of  claim 37 , wherein said disease is a cancer. 
     
     
         39 . The method of  claim 37 , wherein said disease is a pathogenic infection. 
     
     
         40 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 37 , wherein said soft x-rays comprise electromagnetic radiation comprising a wavelength in the range of 0.1 nm to 200 nm. 
     
     
         41 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 40 , wherein said soft x-rays comprise electromagnetic radiation comprising a wavelength in the range of 1 nm to 15 nm. 
     
     
         42 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 37 , wherein said ultraviolet light frequency comprises electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength frequency in the range of 1 nm to 280 nm. 
     
     
         43 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 42 , wherein said ultraviolet light frequency comprises electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength frequency in the range of 100 nm to 260 nm. 
     
     
         44 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 37 , wherein said quantum dot comprises a wide band gap. 
     
     
         45 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 44 , wherein said quantum dot is comprised of an inert material. 
     
     
         46 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 37 , wherein said quantum dot is selected from the group consisting of gallium nitride, gallium arsenide zinc oxide, aluminum nitride, boron nitride and diamond. 
     
     
         47 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 37 , wherein said quantum dot is in a range from 1 to 50 nm. 
     
     
         48 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 47 , wherein said quantum dot is in a range from 1 to 40 nm. 
     
     
         49 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 48 , wherein said quantum dot is in a range from 1 to 10 nm. 
     
     
         50 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 37 , wherein said quantum dot is coated with a biocompatible material. 
     
     
         51 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 50 , wherein said biocompatible material is selected from the group consisting of a lipid, a carbohydrate, a polysaccharide, a protein, a polymer, a glycoprotein, and a glycolipid. 
     
     
         52 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 37 , further comprising a linker, wherein said linker attaches said targeting moiety to said quantum dot. 
     
     
         53 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 37 , wherein said targeting moiety is specific for a marker of said disease. 
     
     
         54 . The bioconjugated nanoparticle of  claim 53 , wherein said targeting moiety is selected from the group consisting of an antibody or fragments thereof, haptens, polypeptides, oligonucleotides, anti-sense RNA, Peptide Nucleic Acids, proteins, chimeric proteins, fusion proteins, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         55 . A method of making a bioconjugated nanoparticle according to  claim 1  comprising the steps of
 a. Contacting said quantum dot with a targeting moiety, wherein said contacting results in said targeting moiety being linked to said quantum dot;   b. Isolating said newly formed bioconjugated nanoparticle.   
     
     
         56 . The method of  claim 55 , wherein said targeting moiety is linked to said quantum dot via a covalent bond. 
     
     
         57 . A method of making of making a bioconjugated nanoparticle according to  claim 1  comprising the steps of
 a. Contacting said quantum dot with a linker, wherein said quantum dot is linked to said linker;   b. Isolating said quantum dot that is linked to said linker;   c. Contacting said quantum dot linked to said linker with a targeting moiety, wherein said targeting moiety is linked to said linker;   d. Isolating said newly formed bioconjugated nanoparticle.   
     
     
         58 . The method of  claim 57 , wherein said linkages are via covalent bonds.