US2008302669A1PendingUtilityA1

Composite Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production and Method of Their Use

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Individually held — no corporate assignee on recordPriority: May 16, 2005Filed: May 16, 2006Published: Dec 11, 2008
Est. expiryMay 16, 2025(expired)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
Inventors:John W. PetersMark J. YoungTrevor DouglasTimothy Elgren
C12P 3/00C12N 9/0067C12N 11/14
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Claims

Abstract

The present invention is directed to a composite material for photocatalytic H 2 production comprising: 1) a polymer gel; 2) a photocatalyst; and a protein based H 2 catalyst. The invention also relates to a method to produce H 2 , comprising reacting an electron donor with a composite material comprising 1) a polymer gel, 2) a photocatalyst, and 3) a protein based H 2 catalyst.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
1 . A composite material for photocatalytic H 2  production comprising:
 1) a polymer gel   2) a photocatalyst; and   3) a protein based H 2  catalyst.   
   
   
       2 . The composite material of  claim 1 , wherein the H 2  catalyst is a hydrogenase. 
   
   
       3 . The composite material of  claim 2 , wherein the hydrogenase is encapsulated in the polymer gel. 
   
   
       4 . The composite material of  claim 3 , wherein the gel is porous. 
   
   
       5 . The composite material of  claim 4 , wherein the gel is sol-gel. 
   
   
       6 . The composite material of  claim 1 , wherein the H 2  catalyst is a hydrogenase mimic. 
   
   
       7 . The composite material of  claim 6 , wherein the hydrogenase mimic is a nanoparticle. 
   
   
       8 . The composite material of  claim 7 , wherein the nanoparticle is in the form of a protein cage comprising a shell and a core. 
   
   
       9 . The composite material of  claim 8 , wherein the shell comprises a protein. 
   
   
       10 . The composite material of  claim 9 , wherein the protein is a 24 subunit protein. 
   
   
       11 . The composite material of  claim 10 , where the protein is small heat shock protein (HSp). 
   
   
       12 . The composite material of  claim 8 , wherein the core comprises a metal. 
   
   
       13 . The composite material of  claim 12 , wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of platinum, nickel, iron, and cobalt. 
   
   
       14 . The composite material of  claim 13 , wherein the metal is platinum. 
   
   
       15 . The composite material of  claim 1 , further comprising a redox mediator. 
   
   
       16 . The composite material of  claim 15 , wherein the redox mediator comprises poly viologen. 
   
   
       17 . The composite material of  claim 16 , further comprising an oxygen scavenger. 
   
   
       18 . The composite material of  claim 17 , wherein the oxygen scavenger comprises Cu(0). 
   
   
       19 . The composite material of  claim 1  wherein the photocatalyst is formulated as a nanoparticle. 
   
   
       20 . The composite material of  claim 1  or  claim 19 , wherein the photocatalyst is encapsulated in a protein cage architecture. 
   
   
       21 . The composite material of  claim 1 , wherein the hydrogenase enzyme is derived from  Clostridium pasteurianum, Lapiobacter modestogalophilus, Thiocapsa reseopericina , or a combination thereof. 
   
   
       22 . The composite material of  claim 17 , wherein the material comprises:
 i) an inner layer further comprising the photocatalyst and the hydrogenase enzyme, and   ii) an outer layer further comprising the photocatalyst, the redox mediator, and the oxygen scavenger.   
   
   
       23 . A method to produce H 2 , comprising reacting an electron donor with a composite material comprising 1) a polymer gel, 2) a photocatalyst, and 3) a protein based H 2  catalyst. 
   
   
       24 . The method of  claim 23 , wherein the H 2  catalyst is a hydrogenase. 
   
   
       25 . The method of  claim 24 , wherein the hydrogenase enzyme is derived from  Clostridium pasteurianum, Laprobacter modestogalophilus, Thiocapsa reseopericina , or a combination thereof. 
   
   
       26 . The method of  claim 24 , wherein the hydrogenase is encapsulated in the polymer gel. 
   
   
       27 . The method of  claim 26 , wherein the gel is porous. 
   
   
       28 . The method of  claim 27 , wherein the gel is sol-gel. 
   
   
       29 . The method of  claim 23 , wherein the H 2  catalyst is a hydrogenase mimic. 
   
   
       30 . The method of  claim 29 , wherein the hydrogenase mimic is a nanoparticle. 
   
   
       31 . The method of  claim 30 , wherein the nanoparticle is in the form of a protein cage comprising a shell and a core. 
   
   
       32 . The method of  claim 31 , wherein the shell comprises a protein. 
   
   
       33 . The method of  claim 32 , wherein the protein is a 24 subunit protein. 
   
   
       34 . The method of  claim 33 , where the protein is small heat shock protein (HSp). 
   
   
       35 . The method of  claim 31 , wherein the core comprises a metal. 
   
   
       36 . The method of  claim 35 , wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of platinum, nickel, iron, and cobalt. 
   
   
       37 . The method of  claim 36 , wherein the metal is platinum. 
   
   
       38 . The method of  claim 23 , wherein the photocatalyst is formulated as a nanoparticle. 
   
   
       39 . The method of  claim 23  or  claim 38 , wherein the photocatalyst is encapsulated in a protein cage architecture. 
   
   
       40 . The method of  claim 23 , wherein the electron donor is one of the group consisting of acetic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, ethanol, EDTA, hydroxylamine, and mixtures thereof. 
   
   
       41 . The method of  claim 23 , wherein the electron donor is one of a group consisting of sulfite, thiosulfate, and dithionite.

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