Lubricating oil with enhanced protection against wear and corrosion

Abstract

Provided is a lubricating oil composition comprising: (a) a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity; and (b) one or more borated alkaline earth metal alkyltoluene sulfonate detergents; wherein the lubricating oil composition comprises no more than about 0.20 wt. % of phosphorus and no more than about 0.50 wt. % of sulfur.

1 . A lubricating oil composition comprising:
 (a) a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity;   (b) one or wore borated alkaline earth metal alkyltoluene sulfonate detergents; wherein the lubricating oil-composition comprises no more than about 0.20 wt. % of phosphorus and no more than about 0.50 wt. % of sulfur.   
   
   
       2 . A lubricating oil composition comprising:
 (a) a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity;   (b) one or more borated alkaline earth metal alkyltoluene sulfonate detergents prepared by a process comprising:
 (i) reacting 
   (1) at least one oil soluble toluene sulfonic acid, or an oil soluble alkaline earth toluene sulfonate salt, or a mixture thereof;   (2) at least one source of an alkaline earth metal;   (3) at least one source of boron, in the presence of a mixture comprising:
 a. at least one hydrocarbon solvent; and 
 b. at least one low molecular weight alcohol; and 
   (4) one or more overbasing acids, at least one of which is boric acid;
 (ii) heating the reaction product from step (i) to a temperature that is greater than the distillation temperatures of the hydrocarbon solvent, the low molecular weight alcohol, and any water generated from step (i), so that the solvent, alcohol and water generated may be distilled from the product of step (i); 
   wherein no external source of water is added to the reaction mixture during the process;   wherein the lubricating oil composition comprises no more than about 0.20 wt. % of phosphorus and no more than about 0.50 wt. % of sulfur.   
   
   
       3 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 1  or  claim 2 , comprising no more than about 0.16 wt. % of phosphorus. 
   
   
       4 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 3 , comprising no more than about 0.12 wt. % of phosphorus. 
   
   
       5 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 1  or  claim 2 , comprising no more than about 0.40 wt. % of sulfur. 
   
   
       6 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 5 , comprising no more than about 0.35 wt. % of sulfur. 
   
   
       7 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 1  or  claim 2 , comprising about 5 to about 60 mM of the one or more borated alkaline earth metal alkyltoluene sulfonate detergents. 
   
   
       8 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 7 , comprising about 10 to about 50 mM of the one or more borated alkaline earth metal alkyltoluene sulfonate detergents. 
   
   
       9 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 8 , comprising about 15 to about 40 mM of the one or more borated alkaline earth metal alkyltoluene sulfonate detergents. 
   
   
       10 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 1 , wherein the one or more borated alkaline earth metal alkyltoluene sulfonate detergents are overbased detergents. 
   
   
       11 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 10  or  2 , wherein the one or more borated alkaline earth metal alkyltoluene sulfonate detergents each has a TBN of about 10 to about 500. 
   
   
       12 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 11 , wherein the one or more borated alkaline earth metal alkyltoluene sulfonate detergents each has a TBN of about 50 to about 400. 
   
   
       13 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 12 , wherein the one or more borated alkaline earth metal alkyltoluene sulfonate detergents each has a TBN of about 100 to about 300. 
   
   
       14 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 13 , wherein the one or more borated alkaline earth metal alkyltoluene sulfonate detergents each has a TBN of about 150 to about 200. 
   
   
       15 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 1  or  claim 2 , further comprising one or more non-borated metal-containing detergents. 
   
   
       16 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 15 , wherein the one or more non-borated metal-containing detergents are selected from; carboxylate detergents, sulfonate detergents, phenate detergents, and mixtures thereof. 
   
   
       17 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 15 , wherein the metal in the one or more non-borated metal-containing detergents is selected from: sodium, potassium, lithium, copper, magnesium,.calcium, strontium, barium, zinc, and cadmium. 
   
   
       18 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 15 , wherein at least one of the one or more non-borated metal-containing detergents is a calcium salt or a magnesium salt. 
   
   
       19 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 15 , wherein at least one of the one or more non-borated metal-containing detergents is a calcium sulfonate. 
   
   
       20 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 16 , wherein at least one of the one or more non-borated metal-containing detergents is a calcium phenate. 
   
   
       21 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 19 , wherein the calcium sulfonate is a low overbased detergent. 
   
   
       22 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 20 , wherein the calcium phenate is a high overbased detergent. 
   
   
       23 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 15 , wherein the one or more non-borated metal-containing detergents are present in an amount of about 0.5 to about 50 mM. 
   
   
       24 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 23 , wherein the one or more non-borated metal-containing detergents are present in an amount of about 2 to about 38 mM. 
   
   
       25 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 1  or  claim 2 , further comprising one or more ashless dispersants. 
   
   
       26 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 25 , wherein at least one of the one or more ashless dispersants is a succinic-based dispersant. 
   
   
       27 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 26 , wherein the succinic-based dispersant is a bissuccinimide dispersant. 
   
   
       28 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 26 , wherein the succinic-based dispersant is a borated dispersant. 
   
   
       29 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 25 , where the one or more ashless dispersants are present in an amount of 0.5 to about 10.0 wt. %. 
   
   
       30 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 29 , where the one or more ashless dispersants are present in an amount of 2.0 to about 8.0 wt. %. 
   
   
       31 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 30 , where the one or more ashless dispersants are present in an amount of 4.0 to about 6.0 wt. %. 
   
   
       32 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 1  or  claim 2 , further comprising one or more antiwear agents. 
   
   
       33 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 32 , wherein at least one of the one or more antiwear agents is zinc dithiophosphate. 
   
   
       34 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 32 , wherein the one or more antiwear agents are present in an amount of about 12 to about 24 mM. 
   
   
       35 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 34 , wherein the one or more antiwear agents are present in an amount of about 16 to about 20 mM. 
   
   
       36 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 1  or  claim 2 , further comprising one or more viscosity Index modifiers. 
   
   
       37 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 36 , wherein at least one of the one or more viscosity Index modifiers is an ethylene-propylene copolymer. 
   
   
       38 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 36 , wherein the one or more viscosity index modifiers are present in an amount of about 2.0 to about 6.0 wt. %. 
   
   
       39 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 1  or  claim 2 , further comprising one or more friction modifiers. 
   
   
       40 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 39 , wherein at least one of the one or more friction modifiers is a molybdenum-containing material. 
   
   
       41 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 40 , wherein the molybdenum-containing material is a molybdenum succinimide complex. 
   
   
       42 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 39 , wherein the one or more friction modifiers are present in an amount of about 0.1 to about 0.8 wt. %. 
   
   
       43 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 42 , wherein the one or more friction modifiers are present in an amount of about 0.15 to about 0.5 wt. %. 
   
   
       44 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 43 , wherein the one or more friction modifiers are present in an amount of about 0.20 to about 0.40 wt. %. 
   
   
       45 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 1  or  claim 2 , further comprising one or more antioxidants. 
   
   
       46 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 45 , wherein at least one of the one or more antioxidants is an aromatic amine. 
   
   
       47 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 45 , wherein at least one of the one or more antioxidants is a phenolic ester. 
   
   
       48 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 45 , wherein the one or more antioxidants are present in an amount of about 0.5 to about 3.0 wt. %. 
   
   
       49 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 48 , wherein the one or more antioxidants are present in an amount of about 0.5 to about 2.0 wt. %. 
   
   
       50 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 1  or  claim 2 , further comprising one or more additives selected from: rust inhibitors, foam inhibitors, and seal fixes. 
   
   
       51 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 50 , wherein at least one of the foam inhibitors is a silicon-based foam inhibitor. 
   
   
       52 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 51 , comprising about 20 to about 40 ppm of a silicon-based foam inhibitor. 
   
   
       53 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 1  or  claim 2 , comprising at least about 50 ppm of boron, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. 
   
   
       54 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 53 , comprising at least about 100 ppm of boron, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. 
   
   
       55 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 54 , comprising at least about 500 ppm of boron, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. 
   
   
       56 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 55 , comprising at least about 1000 ppm of boron, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. 
   
   
       57 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 2 , wherein each of the one or more borated alkaline earth metal alkyltoluene sulfonate detergents is derived from an alkyltoluene sulfonic acid, and wherein the alkyl group of the alkyltoluene sulfonic acid comprises about 10 to about 40 carbon atoms. 
   
   
       58 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 57 , wherein the alkyl group of the alkyltoluene sulfonic acid comprises about 12 to about 30 carbon atoms. 
   
   
       59 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 58 , wherein the alkyl group of the alkyltoluene sulfonic acid comprises about 16 to about26 carbon atoms. 
   
   
       60 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 57 , wherein the alkyl group of the alkyltoluene sulfonic acid is a linear alkyl group. 
   
   
       61 . A method of preparing a lubricating oil composition comprising admixing:
 (a) a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity;   (b) one or more borated alkaline earth metal alkyltoluene sulfonate detergents; resulting in a lubricating oil composition that comprises no more than about 0.20 wt. % of phosphorus and no more than about 0.50 wt. % of sulfur.   
   
   
       62 . A method of preparing a lubricating oil composition comprising admixing;
 (a) a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity; and   (b) one or more borated alkaline earth metal alkyltoluene sulfonate detergent prepared by a process comprising:   (i) reacting   (1) at least one oil soluble toluene sulfonic acid, or an oil soluble alkaline earth toluene sulfonate salt, or a mixture thereof;   (2) at least one source of an alkaline earth metal;   (3) at least one source of boron, in the presence of a mixture comprising:   a. at least one hydrocarbon solvent; and   b. at least one low molecular weight alcohol; and   (4) one or more overbasing acids, at least one of which is boric acid;   (ii) heating the reaction product from step (i) to a temperature that is greater than the distillation temperatures of the hydrocarbon solvent, the low molecular weight alcohol, and any water that is generated from step (i), so that the solvent, alcohol and water generated may be distilled from the product of step (i);   wherein no external source of wafer is added to the reaction mixture during the process;   resulting in a lubricating oil composition comprises no more than about 0.20 wt. % of phosphorus and no more than about 0.50 wt. % of sulfur.   
   
   
       63 . A method of reducing wear in a diesel engine comprising operating said engine with the lubricating oil composition of  claim 1  or  claim 2 . 
   
   
       64 . A method of reducing corrosion in a diesel engine comprising operating said engine with the lubricating oil composition of  claim 1  or  claim 2 .