Method and Apparatus for High Temperature Heat Treatment of Combustible Material in Particular Waste

Abstract

An apparatus ( 1 ) for high temperature heat treatment of combustible material comprising a pyrolysis chamber ( 41 ) and a combustion chamber ( 42 ). The full combustion of the combustible material produces gas at high temperature that is sent to the pyrolysis chamber in order to raise the temperature of pyrolysis. This associated to the introducing water vapour, through a duct ( 6 ), and of air, through a duct ( 7 ), in pyrolysis chamber ( 41 ) produce semiwater gas that is then burnt in combustion chamber ( 42 ) by feeding a current ( 8 ) of a fluid containing oxygen to raise the combustion temperature in order to carry out the process to temperature that assures the molecular break of the totality of the toxic substances.

1 . A method for high temperature heat treatment of combustible material, comprising:
 a) heating said combustible material in a reduced environment in a pyrolysis chamber, wherein gas and vapour are introduced at high temperature into the pyrolysis chamber, said introduction causing the production of semiwater gas; and   b) completely burning said combustible material in a combustion chamber;   wherein the gas at high temperature is burnt gas drawn downstream from the combustion chamber, said semiwater gas formed in the pyrolysis chamber is burnt once the gas reaches the combustion chamber, which substantially increases the combustion temperature.   
   
   
       2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the semiwater gas is produced in the pyrolysis chamber so as to direct a vapour jet and a gas jet at high temperature onto the burning material which is arranged on a grid, and then the burning material is urged to said combustion chamber by moving along the grid. 
   
   
       3 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the semiwater gas reaches a predetermined zone of the combustion chamber according to a path different from that of the combustible material. 
   
   
       4 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the gas at high temperature produced in the combustion chamber crosses a post-combustion chamber within which a further heating is effected by feeding a current containing oxygen with completion of the combustion, the burnt gas produced in the post-combustion chamber having a low oxygen content and is in part sent to the pyrolysis chamber. 
   
   
       5 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein a gas produced in the pyrolysis chamber or the combustion chamber is conveyed between a starting chamber and an arrival chamber by a system comprising a conveying fluid current that is supplied within a duct that connects the chambers, said conveying fluid is supplied to the duct directed towards said arrival chamber at a speed sufficient to cause a suction of the gas inside the duct. 
   
   
       6 . The method of  claim 5 , wherein conveying said burnt gas to the pyrolysis chamber is made sending in the duct water vapour as conveying fluid, said water vapour is used to obtain water gas in the pyrolysis chamber. 
   
   
       7 . The method of  claim 6 , wherein conveying said semiwater gas from the pyrolysis chamber to the combustion chamber is made sending in the duct variably oxygenated gas as conveying fluid, the amount of oxygen supplied being adjustable according to the process conditions. 
   
   
       8 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said burnt gas before conveyance to the pyrolysis chamber is separated from possible solid particles by suspension giving a vortical movement of the burnt gas separated from the solid particles by centrifugal acceleration. 
   
   
       9 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising feeding the combustible material in the pyrolysis chamber that is made forcing the passage through a tapered duct in order to reduce the volume of the combustible material. 
   
   
       10 . An apparatus for heat treatment of combustible material, comprising:
 a) a pyrolysis chamber for containing combustible material heated in a reducing environment; and   b) a combustion chamber to which said combustible material moves for being completely burnt;   wherein the pyrolysis chamber comprises means for feeding a gas at high temperature drawn from the combustion chamber and vapour, in order to make semiwater gas which, once reached said combustion chamber, is burnt so as to substantially increase the combustion temperature.   
   
   
       11 . The apparatus of  claim 10 , further comprising means for conveying the semiwater gas from the pyrolysis chamber to the combustion chamber according to a path different from that of the combustible material. 
   
   
       12 . The apparatus of  claim 10 , further comprising a post-combustion chamber disposed downstream from the combustion chamber within which a further gas is further heated at high temperature obtaining burnt gas by feeding a current containing oxygen, the further heating causing a full decomposition of the part of the gas not yet dissociated. 
   
   
       13 . The apparatus of  claim 10 , further comprising means for connecting a starting chamber to an arrival chamber, in particular for conveying semiwater gas from the pyrolysis chamber to the combustion chamber or for conveying at least one part of said burnt gas up to the pyrolysis chamber, said means for connecting comprising at least one duct communicating with both chambers among which the conveyance has to be executed, within which a conveying fluid current is fed, said conveying fluid being supplied to the duct at a suitable speed to cause a suction inside, in particular of the semiwater gas or of the burnt gas. 
   
   
       14 . The apparatus of  claim 10 , further comprising means for feeding said combustible material in the pyrolysis chamber comprising means for forcing the passage through a tapered duct in order to reduce the volume of the combustible material. 
   
   
       15 . The apparatus of  claim 10 , wherein the gas flow obtained during the heat treatment of the combustible material is provided to each chamber of the apparatus directional elements.