Method and Equipment for Whole Tyre Pyrolysis

Abstract

The method and equipment are intended for application in the chemical industry for destruction off solid substances, containing carbon and hydrocarbons. The invention guarantees absence of oxygen in the reactor and permits increased thermal efficiency. The closed forehearth is used to preheat every tyre that follows. The technologic comfort is due of use of spark proof material for the internal space of the forehearth; off the use water-cooled rollers ( 22 ) sealed in a casing ( 23 ), placed under the cylindrical reactor ( 1 ) and into a water pool ( 24 ), forming a back-pressure gate and of the use of three independent band conveyors, forming an discharge transport system.

1 - 17 . (canceled) 
     
     
         18 . A method of whole tyre pyrolysis accomplished with thermal treatment by indirect heating at substantial gastightness, the gaseous hydrocarbons realized being carried to a concurrent condensation separation installation connected to the equipment where they are rectified in a continuous concurrent process, the separated solids being taken out, and every tyre is preheated before being dropped into the thermal processing area, characterized by that prior to the preheating the space where the subsequent tyre occupies is vacuum treated and is filled with inert gas, this space being separated from the area of thermal treatment and the environment. 
     
     
         19 . A method according to  claim 18 , characterized by that the preheating of each subsequent tyre in the preheating space is made directly from the area of thermal treatment. 
     
     
         20 . A method according to  claim 18 , characterized by that the preheating of the subsequent tyre is accomplished for a time interval of 15 to 60 seconds. 
     
     
         21 . An equipment for whole tyre pyrolysis comprising a vertically positioned cylindrical reactor ( 1 ) provided of a combustion system for heating with a horizontal feeding conveyor system at the upper level of the reactor, and discharge conveyor system beneath with pipelines provided in the upper part of the reactor, connected to its inner space and intended to take out the gaseous products realized in the reactor, the combustion system consisting of a combustion chamber ( 2 ) that embraces the reactor ( 1 ) along its height, and burners ( 3 ) surrounding symmetrically the reactor ( 1 ) in the lower part of the combustion chamber ( 2 ), and a pipeline is provided in the upper part of the combustion chamber to take out the exhaust gases, the feeding conveyor system being comprised by a successively arranged supply roller conveyor and chambers, characterized by that the chambers are two, the first one being horizontally oriented open receiving chamber ( 6 ), connected to supply roller conveyor ( 5 ), and the second, partially covering the reactor is also horizontal and closing hermetically, being a forehearth ( 7 ), and a hermetically closing vertical valve ( 8 ) is provided between both chambers ( 6 ) and ( 7 ), the walls of the forehearth ( 7 ) in the first section ( 9 ) placed over the cylindrical reactor ( 1 ) are double and water-cooled, and they have a horizontal duct ( 14 ) for vacuum treatment and a inlet ( 15 ) for inert gas supply, so the inner surface of the forehearth ( 7 ) is covered with spark proof material and the discharge conveyor system consists of the band conveyors one of them being a horizontal reversing conveyor ( 25 ), and the other two being left ( 26 ) and right ( 27 ) sloping discharge conveyors. 
     
     
         22 . An equipment for whole tyre pyrolysis according to  claim 21 , characterized by that the hermetically closing forehearth ( 7 ) has two sections ( 9  and  11 ), the first section ( 9 ) being placed just over the cylindrical reactor ( 1 ) and covering the whole lid ( 10 ) of the cylindrical reactor ( 1 ), and its lower part being tightly attached to the reactor ( 1 ), and the second section ( 11 ) being connected to the receiving chamber ( 6 ) and being its continuation, thus at the inlet of the forehearth ( 7 ) a hermetically closing vertical valve ( 8 ) being mounted, provided of vertical pneumatic cylinders ( 12 ) for opening, and horizontal pneumatic cylinders ( 13 ) for hermetic sealing. 
     
     
         23 . A pyrolysis equipment according to  claim 21 , characterized by that the hermetically closing vertical valve ( 8 ) has a pair of vertical pneumatic cylinders ( 12 ) for opening and two pairs of horizontal pneumatic cylinders ( 13 ) for hermetic sealing. 
     
     
         24 . A pyrolysis equipment according to  claim 21 , characterized by that the receiving chamber ( 6 ) and the forehearth ( 7 ) are provided of pushing pneumatic cylinders for supplying the whole tyres therein. 
     
     
         25 . A pyrolysis equipment according to  claim 21 , characterized by that the receiving chamber ( 6 ) has one first pushing pneumatic cylinder ( 16 ), installed outside the receiving chamber ( 6 ) between guides ( 17 ), perpendicular to the course the tyres follow during their transportation by the supply roller conveyor ( 5 ). 
     
     
         26 . A pyrolysis equipment, according to  claim 21 , characterized by that the forehearth ( 7 ) has a pair of second feeding pneumatic cylinders ( 18 ) with a pushing rod ( 19 ) placed between them and connected to them, the pushing rod ( 19 ) being hermetically sealed to the respective wall of the forehearth ( 7 ). 
     
     
         27 . A pyrolysis equipment according to  claim 21 , characterized by that the lid ( 10 ) of the cylindrical reactor ( 1 ), located in the first sector ( 9 ) with watercooled walls of the forehearth ( 7 ) is connected to a lifter ( 20 ) installed between two third lifting pneumatic cylinders ( 21 ), vertically attached to the external upper part of the forehearth ( 7 ) over the cylindrical reactor ( 1 ). 
     
     
         28 . A pyrolysis equipment according to  claim 21 , characterized by that the pipelines for the gaseous products realized in the cylindrical reactor ( 1 ) are horizontal and radially arranged channels ( 4 ). 
     
     
         29 . A pyrolysis equipment according to  claim 21 , characterized by that the supply roller conveyor ( 5 ) is made of two parts, the first being freely rotating, and the second being force driven. 
     
     
         30 . A pyrolysis equipment according to  claim 21 , characterized by that the conveying transport system consists of at least one pair of watercooled rollers ( 22 ) with three band conveyors ( 25 ,  26 ,  27 ) placed beneath, the pair of rollers ( 22 ) being tightly sealed in a casing ( 23 ) under the cylindrical reactor ( 1 ) to which the casing ( 23 ) is attached, and the lower part of the casing ( 23 ) being placed into a water pool ( 24 ), thus forming a water back-pressure gate. 
     
     
         31 . A pyrolysis equipment according to  claim 21 , characterized by that the burners ( 3 ) are tangentially oriented to the cylindrical reactor ( 1 ).