Composition and Methods for Improved Lubrication, Pour Point, and Fuel Performance

Abstract

An additive includes polyalphaolefin (PAO), a calcium source, and one or more plant oils from, or components derived from, beans, seeds, or roots, such as castor oil, jojoba oil, rape (canola) seed oil, palm oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, etc. The preferred composition of matter comprises a calcium source, PAO, castor oil, jojoba oil, and a soy methyl ester and/or rape seed oil/ester. The additive may be used in fuels that improve combustion engine performance in terms of efficiency and emissions. The additive may be used in lubricants that improve performance of both ferrous and non-ferrous metal components of engines, guns, or other machinery. The additive also may be used in cutting fluids for machining and fabrication. Used in conjunction with other additives, embodiments of the invention may be used to lower pour points in oils, esters and other similar products.

1 . A pour point depression enhancement composition for biodiesel fuel, the composition comprising:
 an additive comprising:
 a polyalphaolefin (PAO) component; 
 a calcium source; 
 at least one plant oil or mixture of plant oils; and 
   a diesel pour point depressant;   wherein the PAO component is present as 15-40 LV %, the calcium source is present as 25-45 LV %, said at least one plant oil or mixture of plant oils is present as 15-60% LV % of the additive; and   said pour point depressant is blended into said additive ranging from 99 parts of said additive and 1 part said pour point depressant to 90 parts said additive and 10 parts said pour point depressant, said parts being measured by liquid volume.   
     
     
         2 . A pour point depression enhancement composition as in  claim 1 , wherein said pour point depressant is comprises a rapeseed oil or derivative of rapeseed oil. 
     
     
         3 . A pour point depression enhancement composition as in  claim 1 , wherein said pour point depressant is a rapeseed-based pour point depressant. 
     
     
         4 . A method of lowering pour point in a biodiesel comprising:
 blending an additive into biodiesel comprising: depression enhancement composition as in  claim 25 , wherein 100 LV-% of said additive comprises 15-40 LV % polyalphaolefin, 25-45 LV % overbased calcium sulfonate, and 15-60% LV % at least one plant oil or mixture of plant oils.   
     
     
         5 . A method as in  claim 4 , further adding a rapeseed pour point depressant to said additive prior to blending the additive into the biodiesel in concentrations ranging from 99 parts of said additive and 1 part said pour point depressant to 90 parts said additive and 10 parts said pour point depressant, said parts being measured by liquid volume. 
     
     
         6 . A method as in  claim 5 , wherein the additive plus rapeseed pour point depressant is blended into said biodiesel in concentrations of 1 fluid ounce additive-plus-pour-point-depressant to 2 gallons biodiesel, whereby the biodiesel treated with the additive-plus-pour-point-depressant remains liquid at minus 20 degrees F. 
     
     
         7 . A method as in  claim 5 , wherein the additive plus rapeseed pour point depressant is blended into said biodiesel in concentrations of 1 fluid ounce additive-plus-pour-point-depressant to 5 gallons biodiesel, whereby the biodiesel treated with the additive-plus-pour-point-depressant remains liquid at 10 degrees F. 
     
     
         8 . An additive composition for motor fuels, metal lubricants, or cutting fluids, the additive comprising:
 a polyalphaolefin (PAO) component;   a calcium source; and   at least one plant oil or mixture of plant oils;   wherein the PAO component is present in 0.1-50 LV %, the calcium source present in 10-60 LV %, and said at least one plant oil or mixture of plant oils is present as 0.2-89.9 LV % of the additive.   
     
     
         9 . An additive according to  claim 8 , wherein the calcium source is calcium sulfonate. 
     
     
         10 . An additive according to  claim 8 , wherein the calcium source is overbased calcium sulfonate. 
     
     
         11 . An additive according to  claim 8 , wherein the plant oil is selected from the group consisting of castor oil, jojoba oil, rape seed (canola) oil, palm oil, coconut, sunflower oil, soybean oil, and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         12 . An additive according to  claim 8 , wherein the plant oil comprises castor oil. 
     
     
         13 . An additive according to  claim 8 , wherein the plant oil comprises jojoba oil. 
     
     
         14 . An additive according to  claim 8 , wherein the plant oil comprises soy methyl ester. 
     
     
         15 . An additive according to  claim 8 , wherein the plant oil comprises soy ethyl ester. 
     
     
         16 . An additive according to  claim 8 , wherein the plant oil is canola oil. 
     
     
         17 . An additive according to  claim 8 , wherein the plant oil is a methyl or ethyl ester. 
     
     
         18 . An additive composition for motor fuels, metal lubricants, or cutting fluids, the additive comprising:
 10-60 LV-% overbased calcium sulfonate;   0.1-50 LV-% polyalphaolefin,   0.1-40 LV-% castor-derived oil selected from the group consisting of castor oil and sulfated castor oil;   0.1-30 LV-% jojoba oil; and   5-45 LV-% plant oil selected from the group consisting of soy oil/ester, canola oil/ester, palm oil, coconut, and sunflower oil;   wherein said overbased calcium sulfonate, polyalphaolefin, castor-derived oil, jojoba oil, and plant oil are blended together to form 100 LV % of said additive.   
     
     
         19 . An additive as in  claim 18 , wherein said overbased calcium sulfonate is 25-45 LV %, said polyalphaolefin is 15-40 LV %, said castor-derived oil is 10-20 LV %, said jojoba is 1-5 LV %, and said plant oil is 5-45 LV % of said additive. 
     
     
         20 . A composition for motor fuels, metal lubricants, or cutting fluids, comprising:
 an additive comprising:   a polyalphaolefin (PAO) component;   a calcium source; and   at least one plant oil or mixture of plant oils;   wherein the PAO component is present as 15-40 LV %, the calcium source is present in 25-45 LV %, and said at least one plant oil or mixture of plant oils is present in 15-60 LV % of the additive.   wherein said additive is blended with said motor fuel in a proportion of 0.002-5.0 LV % additive and 99.998-95 LV-% fuel.   
     
     
         21 . A composition according to  claim 20 , wherein said motor fuel is gasoline. 
     
     
         22 . A composition according to  claim 20 , wherein said motor fuel is petroleum diesel. 
     
     
         23 . A composition according to  claim 20 , wherein said motor fuel comprises soy methyl ester or soy ethyl ester biodiesel. 
     
     
         24 . A composition according to  claim 20 , wherein the calcium source is calcium sulfonate. 
     
     
         25 . A composition according to  claim 20 , wherein the plant oil is selected from the group consisting of castor oil, sulfonated castor oil, jojoba oil, rape seed (canola) oil, palm oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         26 . A composition according to  claim 20 , wherein the plant oil comprises castor oil. 
     
     
         27 . A composition according to  claim 20 , wherein the plant oil comprises jojoba oil. 
     
     
         28 . A composition according to  claim 20 , wherein the plant oil comprises soy methyl ester. 
     
     
         29 . An additive according to  claim 20 , wherein the plant oil comprises soy ethyl ester. 
     
     
         30 . An additive according to  claim 20 , wherein the plant oil is a methyl or ethyl ester.