Upsetting method and upsetting apparatus

Abstract

To provide an upsetting method capable of efficiently expanding a bar-shaped raw material at least two portions. A plurality of guides 31 and 32 each having an insertion hole 34 are prepared. The bar-shaped raw material 1 secured to a fixed die 20 is inserted and held in each insertion hole 34 of the plurality of guides 31 and 32 in order. Then, a first exposed portion 4 of the raw material 1 exposed between a first guide 31 located at the foremost side of the plurality of guides 31 and 32 and the fixed die 32 is expanded in diameter by moving the plurality of guides 31 and 32 in a direction opposite to a moving direction of the punch 50 R in a mutually adhering manner while pressurizing the raw material 1 in the axial direction with the punch 50 R. After completion of the movement of the first guide 31 , a second exposed portion of the raw material 1 exposed between both the guides 31 and 32 is expanded in diameter by relatively moving the second guide 32 located behind the first guide 31 among the plurality of guides 31 and 32 in a direction opposite to a moving direction of the punch 50 R.

1 . An upsetting method, comprising the steps of:
 preparing a plurality of one-side-portion guides each having an insertion hole penetrated in an axial direction for holding one side portion out of axial both side portions of a bar-shaped raw material in a buckling preventing state, the guides being to be arranged in the axial direction, at least one the-other-side-portion guide having an insertion hole penetrated in an axial direction for holding the other side portion of the raw material in a buckling preventing state, a one-side-portion punch for pressurizing one side portion of the raw material in an axial direction, and a the-other-side-portion punch for pressurizing the other side portion of the raw material in an axial direction;   inserting and holding the one side portion of the raw material with the axial intermediate portion secured to a fixed die in each insertion hole of the plurality of one-side-portion guides in order, and inserting and holding the other side portion of the raw material in the insertion hole of the-other-side-portion guide;   subsequently expanding a first exposed portion of the raw material exposed between the first guide placed at the foremost side among the plurality of one-side-portion guides and the fixed die by integrally moving the plurality of one-sides-portion guides in a direction opposite to the moving direction of the one-side-portion punch in a mutually adhering manner while pressurizing one side portion of the raw material in an axial direction with the one-side-portion punch;   after termination of movement of the first guide, expanding a second exposed portion of the raw material exposed between the second guide and the first guide by mutually moving the second guide placed behind the first guide among the plurality of one-sides-portion guides in a direction opposite to a moving direction of the one-side-portion punch;   expanding a third exposed portion of the raw material exposed between the-other-side-portion guide and the fixed die by moving the-other-side-portion guide in a direction opposite to the moving direction of the-other-side-portion punch while pressurizing the other side portion of the raw material in an axial direction with the-other-side-portion punch simultaneously with pressurizing of the one side portion of the raw material with the one-side-portion punch.   
   
   
       2 . The upsetting method as recited in  claim 1 , wherein “G” satisfies a relational expression of
   0 ≦G≦P ( X   1   −X )/( l   0   −X   1   −Pt   0 )   when t 0 <T, in a case in which the first exposed portion of the raw material is expanded in diameter in a non-restricted state,   where   “P” denotes an average moving speed of the one-side-portion punch from a moving initiation thereof,   “G” denotes an average moving speed of the first guide from a moving initiation thereof,   “X 0 ” denotes a buckling limit length at a cross-sectional area of the raw material before executing the upsetting,   “X 1 ” denotes a buckling limit length at a cross-sectional area of a diameter expanded portion to be formed by diameter expansion of the first exposed portion of the raw material,   “X” denotes an initial clearance between the first guide and the fixed die (0≦X≦X 0 ),   “t 0 ” denotes a time lag from the moving initiation of the one-side-portion punch to the moving initiation of the first guide (0≦t 0 ),   “l 0 ” denotes a length of the raw material before executing the upsetting required for the diameter expanded portion, and   “T” denotes an upsetting time from the moving initiation of the one-side-portion punch.   
   
   
       3 . The upsetting method as recited in  claim 1 , wherein “G” satisfies a relational expression of
     G=P ( X   g   −X )/( L   0   −X   p   −Pt   0 )   in a case in which the first exposed portion of the raw material is expanded in diameter in a molding dented portion formed in the fixed die,   where   “P” denotes an average moving speed of the one-side-portion punch from the moving initiation thereof,   “G” denotes an average moving speed of the first guide from the moving initiation thereof,   “X 0 ” denotes a buckling limit length at a cross-sectional area of the raw material before executing the upsetting,   “X” denotes an initial clearance between a front end portion of the first guide and the bottom portion of the molding dented portion (0≦X≦X 0 ),   “L 0 ” denotes a length of the raw material before executing the upsetting required for the diameter expanded portion to be formed by diameter expansion of the first exposed portion,   “X P ” denotes a stop position of the tip end portion of the one-side-portion punch with respect to the bottom portion of the molding dented portion obtained from a designed volume of the diameter expanded portion,   “X g ” denotes a stop position of the front end portion of the first guide with respect to the bottom portion of the molding dented portion defined by design, and   “t 0 ” denotes a time lag from a moving initiation of the one-side-portion punch to the moving initiation of the first guide (0≦t 0 ).   
   
   
       4 . The upsetting method as recited in  claim 1 , wherein at least the first guide among the plurality of the one-side-portion guides is capable of being divided into a plurality of pieces by a dividing face vertically crossing the insertion hole. 
   
   
       5 . The upsetting method as recited in  claim 1 , wherein the raw material is a round bar-shaped rolled material. 
   
   
       6 . The upsetting method as recited in  claim 5 , wherein the raw material is a cast rolled material. 
   
   
       7 . The upsetting method as recited in  claim 5 , wherein the raw material is a continuously cast rolled material. 
   
   
       8 . The upsetting method as recited in  claim 5 , wherein the first exposed portion of the raw material, the second exposed portion thereof and the third exposed portion thereof are expanded in diameter with lubricant adhering to at least one of a peripheral surface of each insertion hole of the plurality of the one-side-portion guides, a peripheral surface of the insertion hole of the other-side-portion guide and a surface of the raw material. 
   
   
       9 . The upsetting method as recited in  claim 1 , wherein the first exposed portion of the raw material is expand in diameter with a portion of the raw material corresponding to a front end portion of the first guide partially heated. 
   
   
       10 . The upsetting method as recited in  claim 9 , wherein the portion of the raw material corresponding to the front end portion of the first guide is partially induction-heated by an induction-heating means. 
   
   
       11 . The upsetting method as recited in  claim 9 , wherein the portion of the raw material corresponding to the front end portion of the first guide is partially heated by partially induction-heating the front end portion of the first guide by an induction-heating means. 
   
   
       12 . The upsetting method as recited in  claim 9 , wherein the portion of the raw material corresponding to the front end portion of the first guide is partially heated into a half-molten state. 
   
   
       13 . The upsetting method as recited in  claim 9 , wherein the first exposed portion of the raw material is expand in diameter in a state in which a portion of the raw material corresponding to a portion of the first guide located behind the front end portion of the first guide is partially cooled. 
   
   
       14 . The upsetting method as recited in  claim 1 , wherein the second exposed portion of the raw material is expand in diameter with a portion of the raw material corresponding to a front end portion of the second guide partially heated. 
   
   
       15 . The upsetting method as recited in  claim 14 , wherein the portion of the raw material corresponding to the front end portion of the second guide is partially induction-heated by an induction-heating means. 
   
   
       16 . The upsetting method as recited in  claim 14 , wherein the portion of the raw material corresponding to the front end portion of the second guide is partially heated by partially induction-heating the front end portion of the second guide by an induction-heating means. 
   
   
       17 . The upsetting method as recited in  claim 14 , wherein the portion of the raw material corresponding to the front end portion of the second guide is partially heated into a half-molten state. 
   
   
       18 . The upsetting method as recited in  claim 14 , wherein the second exposed portion of the raw material is expand in diameter in a state in which a portion of the raw material corresponding to a portion of the second guide located behind the front end portion of the second guide is partially cooled. 
   
   
       19 . The upsetting method as recited in  claim 1 , wherein the third exposed portion of the raw material is expand in diameter with a portion of the raw material corresponding to a front end portion of the third guide partially heated. 
   
   
       20 . The upsetting method as recited in  claim 19 , wherein the portion of the raw material corresponding to the front end portion of the third guide is partially induction-heated by an induction-heating means. 
   
   
       21 . The upsetting method as recited in  claim 19 , wherein the portion of the raw material corresponding to the front end portion of the third guide is partially heated by partially induction-heating the front end portion of the third guide by an induction-heating means. 
   
   
       22 . The upsetting method as recited in  claim 19 , wherein the portion of the raw material corresponding to the front end portion of the third guide is partially heated into a half-molten state. 
   
   
       23 . The upsetting method as recited in  claim 19 , wherein the third exposed portion of the raw material is expand in diameter in a state in which a portion of the raw material corresponding to a portion of the third guide located behind the front end portion of the third guide is partially cooled. 
   
   
       24 . An upsetting manufactured product obtained by the upsetting method as recited in  claim 1 . 
   
   
       25 . An upsetting apparatus, comprising:
 a plurality of guides each having an insertion hole penetrated in an axial direction for holding a bar-shaped raw material in a buckling preventing state, the guides being arranged in an axial direction;   a punch for pressurizing the raw material in an axial direction; and   a plurality of guide driving apparatuses for moving each guide of the plurality of guides in a direction opposite to a moving direction of the punch.   
   
   
       26 . The upsetting apparatus as recited in  claim 25 , wherein at least the guide located at the foremost side of the plurality of guides is capable of being divided into a plurality of pieces by a dividing face vertically crossing the insertion hole. 
   
   
       27 . The upsetting apparatus as recited in  claim 25 , wherein the raw material is a round bar-shaped rolled material, and wherein the upsetting apparatus further comprises lubricant applying means for making lubricant adhere to a peripheral surface of each insertion hole of the plurality of guides and/or a surface of the raw material. 
   
   
       28 . The upsetting apparatus as recited in  claim 27 , wherein the raw material is a cast rolled material. 
   
   
       29 . The upsetting apparatus as recited in  claim 27 , wherein the raw material is a continuously cast rolled material. 
   
   
       30 . The upsetting apparatus as recited in  claim 25 , further comprising a heating means for partially heating a portion of the raw material corresponding to the front end portion of at least one guide among the plurality of guides. 
   
   
       31 . The upsetting apparatus as recited in  claim 30 , wherein the heating means is an induction-heating means having an induction-heating coil configured to partially induction-heat the portion of the raw material corresponding to the front end portion of the at least one guide with the induction-heating means. 
   
   
       32 . The upsetting apparatus as recited in  claim 30 , wherein the heating means is an induction-heating means having an induction-heating coil configured to partially heat the portion of the raw material corresponding to the front end portion of the at least one guide by partially induction-heating the front end portion of the at least one guide with the induction-heating means. 
   
   
       33 . The upsetting apparatus as recited in  claim 30 , wherein the heating means is capable of partially heating the portion of he raw material corresponding to the front end portion of the at least one guide into a half-molten state. 
   
   
       34 . The upsetting apparatus as recited in  claim 30 , further comprising a cooling means for partially cooling a portion of the raw material corresponding to a portion of the at least one guide located behind the front end portion of the at least one guide. 
   
   
       35 . An upsetting apparatus, comprising:
 a plurality of one-side-portion guides each having an insertion hole penetrated in an axial direction for holding one side portion of axial both side portions of a bar-shaped-raw material in a buckling preventing state, the guides being arranged in the axial direction;   at least one the-other-side-portion guide having an insertion hole penetrated in an axial direction for holding the other side portion of the raw material in a buckling preventing state;   a one-side-portion punch for pressurizing one side portion of the raw material in an axial direction;   a the-other-side-portion punch for pressurizing the other side portion of the raw material in an axial direction;   a plurality of one-side-portion guide driving apparatuses for moving each guide of the plurality of one-side-portion guides in a direction opposite to the moving direction of the one-side-portion punch; and   a the-other-side-portion guide driving apparatus for moving the-other-side-portion guide in a direction opposite to a moving direction of the-other-side-portion punch.   
   
   
       36 . The upsetting apparatus as recited in  claim 35 , wherein at least the first guide located at the foremost side of the plurality of one-side-portion guides is capable of being divided into a plurality of pieces by a dividing face vertically crossing the insertion hole. 
   
   
       37 . The upsetting apparatus as recited in  claim 35 , wherein the raw material is a round bar-shaped rolled material, and wherein the upsetting apparatus further comprises lubricant applying means for making lubricant adhere to at least one of a peripheral surface of each insertion hole of the plurality of the one-side-portion guides, a peripheral surface of the insertion hole of the-other-side guide and a surface of the raw material. 
   
   
       38 . The upsetting apparatus as recited in  claim 37 , wherein the raw material is a rolled material. 
   
   
       39 . The upsetting apparatus as recited in  claim 37 , wherein the raw material is a continuously rolled material. 
   
   
       40 . The upsetting apparatus as recited in  claim 35 , further comprising a heating means for partially heating a portion of the raw material corresponding to the front end portion of at least one guide among the plurality of the one-side-portion guides and the-other-side-portion guide. 
   
   
       41 . The upsetting apparatus as recited in  claim 40 , wherein the heating means is an induction-heating means having an induction-heating coil configured to partially induction-heat the portion of the raw material corresponding to the front end portion of the at least one guide with an induction-heating means. 
   
   
       42 . The upsetting apparatus as recited in  claim 40 , wherein the heating means is an induction-heating means having an induction-heating coil configured to partially heat the portion of the raw material corresponding to the front end portion of the at least one guide by partially induction-heating the front end portion of the at least one guide with the induction-heating means. 
   
   
       43 . The upsetting apparatus as recited in  claim 40 , wherein the heating means is capable of partially heating the portion of the raw material corresponding to the front end portion of the at least one guide into a half-molten state. 
   
   
       44 . The upsetting apparatus as recited in  claim 40 , further comprising a cooling means for partially cooling a portion of the raw material corresponding to a portion of the at least one guide located behind the front end portion of the at least one guide.