Internal Combustion Engine with an Injector as a Compaction Level

Abstract

The internal combustion engine includes a burner ( 8 ) which is continuously operated at overpressure, in an embodiment of this invention, a burner ( 13 ) is operated at atmospheric pressure. In each of these cases to this burner ( 8, 13 ) an exhaust gas turbine is connected downstream and to this a recuperator-heat exchanger ( 1 ) is connected downstream, which transfers residual heat from the exhaust gas to all gaseous and liquid media flowing into the internal combustion engine at the physically highest possible degree. The pre-heated combustion air or the smoke gas is compacted subsequently just by an ejector pump ( 30 ), without any mechanical compaction level. This succeeds by overheating the driving steam in a steam superheater ( 11, 21 ) with heat from the burners ( 8, 13 ) after having been heated in the heat exchanger ( 2 ) and subsequently by permanently renewing and superheating it during the isentropic expansion in the Laval-nozzle ( 22 ) by heat addition from the burner ( 8, 13 ). In further embodiments of the invention this is suitable as replacement for a conventional turbocharger and as an engine for a vehicle with recuperator use of breaking energy.

1 - 21 . (canceled) 
   
   
       22 . An internal combustion engine comprising:
 an exhaust gas turbine in which the hot air produced in continuous combustion is relaxed;   an ejector pump in which necessary hot gas overpressure is at least partially generated;   a recuperator-heat exchanger downstream of the exhaust gas turbine in which the necessary hot gas overpressure is at least partially generated,   wherein residual heat from discharging exhaust gas is transferred to a flowing in medium, and driving steam is continuously renewed during expansion in a Laval-nozzle by heat transfer from a heat accumulator from outside the ejector pump.   
   
   
       23 . The internal combustion engine according to  claim 22  wherein the driving steam is renewed during the expansion within the Laval-nozzle with heat from a burner and the driving steam heated to the extent leaks from a nozzle outlet. 
   
   
       24 . The internal combustion engine according to  claim 22  wherein compaction of a gas mixture flowing towards the exhaust gas turbine occurs exclusively through the ejector pump. 
   
   
       25 . The internal combustion engine according to  claim 22  wherein the recuperator-heat exchanger is designed as a counter current heat exchanger whereby fluid and gaseous components in corresponding heat exchanging parts flowing into the internal combustion engine are conducted towards an exhaust gas mixture flowing out. 
   
   
       26 . The internal combustion engine according to  claim 25  wherein in the recuperator-heat exchanger the exhaust gas mixture is cooled down to the condensation temperature of the steam from the flowing off exhaust gas mixture until it reaches an exhaust gas outlet. 
   
   
       27 . The internal combustion engine according to  claim 22  wherein before the Laval-nozzle inlet the driving steam is conducted through the recuperator-heat exchanger, which re-extracts heat from the exhaust gas after the exhaust gas turbine and subsequently it is conducted optionally through a steam superheater, which absorbs heat from the burner at a smoke tube connected downstream. 
   
   
       28 . The Internal combustion engine according to  claim 27  wherein the heat transfer for steam renewal of the driving steam within the Laval-nozzle as well as for steam superheating of the driving steam in the steam superheater occurs by thermal connections to the burner and the smoke tube connected downstream. 
   
   
       29 . The internal combustion engine according to  claim 28  wherein the entire heat used for pre-heating the medium to be pumped is conveyed to the medium to be pumped in the recuperator-heat exchanger respectively in the burner already before its compaction in the injector. 
   
   
       30 . The internal combustion engine according to  claim 29  wherein the ejector pump pumps smoke gas at least approximate atmospheric pressure from the burner to be operated and subsequently compacts it in the injector before leading it over into the exhaust gas turbine. 
   
   
       31 . The Internal combustion engine according to  claim 30  wherein the combustion air and the driving steam with residual heat from the burner to be operated with fluid, gaseous or solid fuel is pre-heated in the recuperator-heat exchanger 
   
   
       32 . The internal combustion engine according to  claim 31  wherein the smoke gas is cleaned by means of a smoke gas filter connected between the combustion chamber and the exhaust gas turbine. 
   
   
       33 . The internal combustion engine according to  claim 22  wherein an enhancement of the heat exchanging surface in the Laval-nozzle is achieved amongst others by separating a propulsion jet steam into more, parallel oriented Laval-nozzles, each absorbing a part of the total steam stream. 
   
   
       34 . The internal combustion engine according to  claim 22  wherein the enhancement of the heat exchanging surface in the Laval-nozzles is achieved amongst others by a flattening of the admission section. 
   
   
       35 . The internal combustion engine according  claim 22  wherein an enhancement of the heat exchanging surface in the Laval-nozzles is achieved amongst others by flattening of an aperture angle of divergent nozzle parts to less than 3° at a corresponding lengthening of a longitudinal axis of the divergent nozzle parts. 
   
   
       36 . The internal combustion engine according to  claim 22  wherein the Laval-nozzle is used for pre-compacting the charge air for a conventional internal-combustion piston engine. 
   
   
       37 . The internal combustion engine according to  claim 27  wherein the driving steam consists of a homogeneous mixture of feed water and fluid fuel and this mixture is conducted through the recuperator-heat exchanger, subsequently through the steam superheater as well as subsequently through the Laval-nozzle. 
   
   
       38 . The internal combustion engine according to  claim 23  wherein parallel to the gas stream which flows to the burner, a heated bypass-heat accumulator is connected, through which the gas stream can be conducted by a control valve of variable dimensions. 
   
   
       39 . The internal combustion engine according to  claim 38  wherein the bypass heat accumulator is heated by the breaking energy of the vehicle which is transformed in a generator into electric current and this internal combustion engine can be used in the same way as driving engine for a vehicle. 
   
   
       40 . The internal combustion engine according  claim 35  wherein the residual heat in the exhaust gas which still exists after the recuperator heat exchanger is used for heating purposes or as process heat through a heat exchanger. 
   
   
       41 . The internal combustion engine according to  claim 40  wherein the burner and the smoke pipe have an enhancing fissure on their interior surfaces.