Near-infrared-absorbing organic electrochromic materials

Abstract

The invention provides generally a new type of organic electrochromic Near Infrared (NIR)-active materials capable of absorbing and attenuating the light in the NIR region around 1550 nm and forming thin films on electrodes for variable optical attenuator (VOA) applications. They have utility in planar VOA devices. The materials are ruthenium complexes. Unsymmetrical complexes having two different substituents are disclosed, where one substituent is more electron-donating than the other. Complexes which are dimers or trimers (symmetrical or unsymmetrical) are disclosed, as are polymeric complexes. Crosslinked polymeric complex films are also disclosed.

1 . A ruthinium complex having the following formula: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       where R and R′ are different organic substituents. 
     
     
         2 . A complex as claimed in  claim 1 , where each of R and R′ are different organic substituents selected from the group consisting of phenyl, nitrophenyl, methoxyphenyl, trifluoromethyl, N,N-dialkylamino, N-alkylamino, and alkyl groups. 
     
     
         3 . A complex as claimed in  claim 2 , in which the alkyl groups are C1-C18 linear or branched chain alkyl groups. 
     
     
         4 . A ruthenium complex having the formula: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein the two R groups can be different or the same and are selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, —NH 2 , NR 2  with R 2  being alkyl or aryl. 
     
     
         5 . A complex as claimed in  claim 4 , in which at least one of R 1  and R 2  contains at least one other functional group selected from carboxylic acid (—COOH), hydroxyl (—OH), amino (—NH 2 ), acetylenic, alkenylenic and thio (—SH). 
     
     
         6 . A complex as claimed in  claim 4 , in which R is one of the following: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         7 . A ruthenium complex having the formula: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R and R′ may be the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, —NH 2 , NR 2  with R 2  being alkyl or aryl. 
     
     
         8 . A complex as claimed in  claim 7 , in which at least one of R 1  and R 2  contains at least one other functional group selected from carboxylic acid (—COOH), hydroxyl (—OH), amino (—NH 2 ), acetylenic, alkenylenic and thio (—SH). 
     
     
         9 . A complex as claimed in  claim 7 , in which R is phenyl and R′ is selected from: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         10 . (canceled) 
     
     
         11 . (canceled) 
     
     
         12 . (canceled) 
     
     
         13 . A complex polymer film, comprising a ruthenium complex of  claim 4  crosslinked with a diisocyanate or a triisocyanate. 
     
     
         14 . A complex polymer film, comprising a ruthenium complex of  claim 4  crosslinked with a compound selected from (i) a diisocyanate selected from the group consisting of toluene diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, hexahydroxylylene diisocyanate and hexamethylene diisocyanate and (ii) a triisocyanate prepared from trimetholyol propane and xylylene diisocyanate. 
     
     
         15 . A complex polymer film, comprising a ruthenium complex of  claim 7  crosslinked with a diisocyanate or a triisocyanate. 
     
     
         16 . A complex polymer film, comprising a ruthenium complex of  claim 7  crosslinked with a compound selected from (i) a diisocyanate selected from the group consisting of toluene diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, hexahydroxylylene diisocyanate and hexamethylene diisocyanate and (ii) a triisocyanate prepared from trimetholyol propane and xylylene diisocyanate. 
     
     
         17 . (canceled) 
     
     
         18 . (canceled) 
     
     
         19 . A light attenuating device comprising the complex of  claim 1 . 
     
     
         20 . A light absorbing device comprising the complex of  claim 4 . 
     
     
         21 . A light attenuating device comprising the complex of  claim 7 . 
     
     
         22 . (canceled) 
     
     
         23 . A light absorbing device comprising the complex polymer film of  claim 17 . 
     
     
         24 . A light attenuating device comprising the complex polymer film of  claim 7 . 
     
     
         25 . (canceled)