Frames For Buildings

Abstract

A building has a frame which includes of several frame elements parallel to one another and located with a distance to one another. Each frame elements has two vertical supports and at least one horizontal beam. The frame elements are connected to one another to form the frame of the building by uprights which are attached outside to their vertical supports. To connect the supports, the beams and the uprights angles of steel sheet are used which in their legs have holes ( 19 ) for passage of connecting elements bent out and released from the legs of the angles, in the manner of nail plates. Connecting are located and attached between vertical supports. The girders ( 37 ) bear wall elements which adjoin stops on the vertical supports from the inside.

1 . Frame for building consisting of vertical supports ( 3 ) and horizontal beams ( 5 ,  7 ), characterized in that there are at least two frame elements ( 9 ) which consist of at least two vertical supports ( 3 ) at a time and at least one horizontal beam ( 5 ,  7 ) connected to them, and that the frame elements ( 9 ) are located at a distance to one another and are connected to one another. 
   
   
       2 . Frame as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the frame elements ( 9 ) are connected to one another by horizontally aligned bars ( 11 ) which are attached to vertical supports ( 3 ). 
   
   
       3 . Frame as claimed in  claim 2 , wherein the horizontally aligned bars are wooden uprights ( 11 ) or metal strips. 
   
   
       4 . Frame as claimed in  claim 2 , wherein the bars ( 11 ), especially the wooden uprights consist of two interconnected bars ( 15 ) at a time, especially individual wooden uprights. 
   
   
       5 . Frame as claimed in  claim 2 , wherein the lowermost horizontally aligned bar ( 11 ) which connects the frame elements ( 9 ) to one another is a metal profile strip. 
   
   
       6 . Frame as claimed in  claim 5 , wherein the metal profile strip ( 11 ) is made narrower than a bar ( 11 ) in the form of a wooden upright. 
   
   
       7 . Frame as claimed in  claim 2 , wherein the bars ( 11 ) which connect the frame elements ( 9 ) to one another are located at least in the region of the bottom ends of the vertical supports ( 3 ) and in the region of the top ends of the vertical supports ( 3 ). 
   
   
       8 . Frame as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein for a frame ( 1 ) for a multistory building each frame element ( 9 ) has at least two horizontal beams ( 5 ,  7 ) which are located at a distance from one another. 
   
   
       9 . Frame as claimed in  claim 2 , wherein there are bars ( 11 ) which connect the frame elements ( 9 ) to one another in the region of the height of the horizontal beams ( 5 ,  7 ). 
   
   
       10 . Frame as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the vertical supports ( 3 ) consist of wood. 
   
   
       11 . Frame as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the vertical supports ( 3 ) consist of steel sections. 
   
   
       12 . Frame as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the horizontal beams ( 5 ,  7 ) consist of wood. 
   
   
       13 . Frame as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the horizontal beams ( 5 ,  7 ) consist of steel sections. 
   
   
       14 . Frame as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the horizontal beams ( 5 ,  7 ) are connected to the vertical supports ( 3 ) by means of the metal angles ( 17 ) or brackets ( 76 ) which bridge the joint regions between the indicated components. 
   
   
       15 . Frame as claimed in  claim 14 , wherein the metal angles ( 17 ) or brackets ( 76 ) are located on both sides adjoining the vertical supports ( 3 ) and horizontal beams ( 5 ,  7 ) which are connected to one another. 
   
   
       16 . Frame as claimed in  claim 14 , wherein the metal angles ( 17 ) are located on the upper horizontal beams ( 3 ) in the region of the ends of the horizontal beams ( 3 ). 
   
   
       17 . Frame as claimed in  claim 16 , wherein the end surfaces of the horizontal beams ( 3 ) are essentially flush with the outside edges ( 24 ) of the vertical legs ( 23 ) of the metal angles ( 17 ) ( FIG. 3 ). 
   
   
       18 . Frame as claimed in  claim 16 , wherein the metal angles ( 17 ) are located on horizontal beams ( 7 ) which are located between the bottom end and the top end of the frame element ( 9 ), projecting over the end surfaces of the beam ( 7 ) ( FIG. 2 ). 
   
   
       19 . Frame as claimed in  claim 18 , wherein the outside edges ( 24 ) of the vertical legs ( 23 ) of the metal angles ( 17 ) project over the end surfaces of the beam ( 7 ). 
   
   
       20 . Frame as claimed in  claim 2 , wherein for attachment of bars ( 11 ) interconnected by vertical supports ( 3 ) there are metal angles ( 17 ) on the vertical supports ( 3 ) of the frame elements ( 9 ), of which angles one leg ( 23 ) is located on the vertical support ( 3 ) and the other leg ( 23 ) is located on the bar ( 11 ). 
   
   
       21 . Frame as claimed in  claim 4 , wherein for bars ( 11 ) composed of several uprights ( 15 ) the horizontal leg ( 23 ) of the metal angle ( 17 ) is arranged bridging the lengthwise joint between the uprights ( 15 ). 
   
   
       22 . Frame as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein upper beams ( 5 ) of frame elements ( 9 ) run or are aligned in such a manner as corresponds to the shape of the roof of a building to be produced using the frame ( 1 ). 
   
   
       23 . Frame as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the vertical supports ( 3 ) consist of metal and the horizontal beams ( 5 ) consist of wood. 
   
   
       24 . Frame as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein adjacent vertical supports ( 3 ) are interconnected by horizontal girders ( 37 ) located between the supports ( 3 ). 
   
   
       25 . Frame as claimed in  claim 24 , wherein the horizontal girders ( 37 ) are connected to the vertical supports ( 3 ) by angles ( 43 ,  44 ) with locking screws for spreading or the like. 
   
   
       26 . Frame as claimed in  claim 24 , wherein the horizontal girders ( 37 ) on the side facing the outside of the frame ( 1 ) bear a wall element ( 39 ). 
   
   
       27 . Frame as claimed in  claim 26 , wherein there are wall elements ( 39 ) which have window and/or door openings. 
   
   
       28 . Frame as claimed in  claim 26 , wherein the wall element ( 39 ) is connected to at least two girders ( 37 ) to form a unit. 
   
   
       29 . Frame as claimed in  claim 26 , wherein on the vertical supports ( 3 ) of the frame elements ( 9 ) on the outside ( 50 ) there are stops ( 50 ) for wall elements ( 39 ). 
   
   
       30 . Frame as claimed in  claim 29 , wherein the stops ( 50 ) project over the vertical supports ( 3 ) of the frame elements ( 9 ) on either side. 
   
   
       31 . Frame as claimed in  claim 26 , wherein the wall elements ( 39 ) bear a plaster layer ( 45 ) on their outer side. 
   
   
       32 . Frame as claimed in  claim 26 , wherein the wall elements ( 39 ) consist of wood, metal, plastic or mineral material. 
   
   
       33 . Frame as claimed in  claim 26 , wherein the wall elements ( 39 ) consist of several strips. 
   
   
       34 . Frame as claimed in  claim 29 , wherein stops ( 50 ) consist of wood, metal, plastic or mineral material. 
   
   
       35 . Frame as claimed in  claim 26 , wherein the wall elements ( 39 ) are made story-high. 
   
   
       36 . Frame as claimed in  claim 24 , wherein there are at least two horizontal girders ( 57 ) between adjacent supports ( 3 ) of the frame elements ( 9 ) per story of the frame ( 1 ) as claimed in the invention. 
   
   
       37 . Frame as claimed in  claim 26 , wherein the wall elements ( 39 ) located on top of one another abut. 
   
   
       38 . Frame as claimed in  claim 26 , wherein the wall elements ( 39 ) located on top of one another overlap one another. 
   
   
       39 . Frame as claimed in  claim 38 , wherein the upper wall element ( 39 ) extends overlapping over the lower wall element ( 39 ). 
   
   
       40 . Frame as claimed in  claim 24 , wherein the supports ( 3 ) are divided by the frame elements ( 9 ) and stand directly upright on one another in the region of the joint ( 47 ). 
   
   
       41 . Frame as claimed in  claim 24 , wherein there is insulation ( 41 ) on the side of the girders ( 37 ) which faces the building. 
   
   
       42 . Frame as claimed in  claim 26 , wherein there is insulation ( 41 ) on the side of the wall elements ( 39 ) which faces the building. 
   
   
       43 . Frame as claimed in  claim 24 , wherein the girders ( 37 ) consist of wood or metal. 
   
   
       44 . Frame as claimed in  claim 24 , wherein the metal girders ( 37 ) on their ends bear head plates which are connected to vertical supports ( 3 ) of the frame elements ( 9 ). 
   
   
       45 . Frame as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the vertical supports ( 3 ) with the horizontal beams ( 5 ,  7 ) are connected to one another by the brackets ( 60 ,  76 ) which engage the ends of the supports ( 3 )/beams ( 5 ,  7 ). 
   
   
       46 . Frame as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the bars ( 11 ) which connect the frame elements ( 9 ) to one another are connected to vertical supports ( 3 ) by brackets ( 60 ) which engage the ends of the bars ( 11 ). 
   
   
       47 . Frame as claimed in  claim 45 , wherein the brackets ( 60 ,  76 ) engage between the interconnected wooden parts which form the beams ( 5 ,  7 ), supports ( 3 ) and/or beams ( 11 ). 
   
   
       48 . Frame as claimed in  claim 45 , wherein the brackets ( 60 ) are attached to the web ( 62 ) of the metal I-sections which form the beams ( 5 ,  7 ,  11 ). 
   
   
       49 . Frame as claimed in  claim 45 , wherein brackets ( 60 ) are attached between webs ( 64 ) of C-sections ( 63 ) of metal which are interconnected adjoining one another back to back and which form beams ( 5 ,  7 ,  11 ). 
   
   
       50 . Frame as claimed in  claim 45 , wherein on the support ( 3 ) there are at least two brackets ( 60 ) which include with one another an angle, especially an angle of 90°. 
   
   
       51 . Frame as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein at least two horizontal beams ( 5 ) which point in different directions are connected to the horizontal supports ( 3 ). 
   
   
       52 . Frame as claimed in  claim 51 , wherein there are slotted or gap-shaped brackets ( 60 ,  76 ) which engage recesses in the end of at least one horizontal beam ( 5 ) and of the vertical support ( 3 ) and which are intended for attachment of horizontal beams ( 5 ,  7 ) to vertical supports ( 3 ). 
   
   
       53 . Frame as claimed in  claim 52 , wherein the brackets ( 60 ) are rectangular. 
   
   
       54 . Frame as claimed in  claim 53 , wherein the brackets ( 76 ) are T-shaped. 
   
   
       55 . Frame as claimed in  claim 51 , wherein horizontal beams ( 5 ) connected to the horizontal parts of the brackets ( 76 ) can be pivoted around the horizontal axis. 
   
   
       56 . Frame as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein there are projections ( 78 ) protruding to the outside on vertical supports ( 3 ) for resting of horizontal uprights ( 11 ). 
   
   
       57 . Frame as claimed in  claim 56 , wherein the projections ( 78 ) are made integral with the brackets ( 76 ). 
   
   
       58 . Frame as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein between the vertical supports ( 3 ) of the frame elements ( 9 ) there is at least one obliquely aligned brace ( 70 ) at a time. 
   
   
       59 . Frame as claimed in  claim 58 , wherein there is a brace between a support ( 3 ) of the frame element ( 9 ) located in the corner region of the frame ( 1 ) and of the next inner support ( 3 ) of an adjacent frame element ( 9 ). 
   
   
       60 . Frame as claimed in  claim 58 , wherein the braces ( 70 ) are aligned running obliquely up to the corner of the frame ( 1 ). 
   
   
       61 . Frame as claimed in  claim 58 , wherein there are two braces ( 70 ) which extend between a cross brace ( 72 ) which is provided roughly in the middle of the height of the vertical supports ( 3 ). 
   
   
       62 . Frame as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the outside wall elements ( 39 ) are attached to vertical supports ( 3 ) of frame elements ( 9 ) with a rest ( 80 ) connected in between. 
   
   
       63 . Frame as claimed in  claim 62 , wherein the joint ( 81 ) between bordering outside wall elements ( 39 ) is covered by a cover strip ( 84 ). 
   
   
       64 . Frame as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the wall elements ( 39 ) between the supports ( 3 ) are attached to strips ( 83 ) which are attached between supports ( 3 ), especially hung. 
   
   
       65 . Frame as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein there are stiffening panels between the supports ( 3 ) of adjacent frame elements ( 9 ). 
   
   
       66 . Frame as claimed in  claim 65 , wherein the stiffening fields have a rectangular frame. 
   
   
       67 . Frame as claimed in  claim 65 , wherein in the stiffening elements there is at least one obliquely (diagonally) running brace ( 70 ). 
   
   
       68 . Frame as claimed in  claim 58 , wherein the obliquely running braces ( 70 ) are fixed by wedges ( 74 ) between vertical supports ( 3 ) of adjacent frame elements ( 9 ). 
   
   
       69 . Frame as claimed in  claim 65 , wherein the stiffening panels between vertical supports ( 3 ) of adjacent frame elements ( 9 ) are detachably fixed by wedges ( 74 ) or locking screws. 
   
   
       70 . Frame as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein there are wall elements ( 39 ) which are to be placed between vertical supports ( 3 ) and which can be pivoted into their position of use which is located between the vertical supports ( 3 ). 
   
   
       71 . Frame as claimed in  claim 70 , wherein the wall elements ( 39 ) can be pivoted in around a horizontal axis. 
   
   
       72 . Frame as claimed in  claim 70 , wherein the wall elements ( 39 ) can be pivoted in around a vertical axis. 
   
   
       73 . Frame as claimed in  claim 70 , wherein the wall elements ( 39 ) can be pivoted around hinges ( 90 ). 
   
   
       74 . Frame as claimed in  claim 70 , wherein the covers ( 50 ) on the outside of the vertical supports ( 3 ) do not project over the supports ( 3 ). 
   
   
       75 . Frame as claimed in  claim 70 , wherein strips for sealing the joints between the cover ( 50 ) and the wall element ( 39 ) are attached to the covers ( 50 ) from the inside. 
   
   
       76 . Frame as claimed in  claim 70 , wherein the wall element ( 39 ) after pivoting into its position of use is fixed in its position by fasteners, for example wedges which have been hammered or pressed in. 
   
   
       77 . Metal angle ( 17 ) for use in a frame ( 1 ) for a building as claimed in  claim 76 , characterized by two legs ( 23 ) which are at an angle to one another and in which there are through holes ( 19 ) for fasteners such as screws, bolts, nails or the like and/or stamped-out nail tongues ( 21 ) in the manner of nail plates. 
   
   
       78 . Angle as claimed in  claim 77 , wherein the metal angles ( 17 ) are rounded in the corner region ( 18 ) between the legs ( 23 ). 
   
   
       79 . Angle as claimed in  claim 78 , wherein the metal angles ( 17 ) are rounded in the corner region ( 18 ) inside and outside. 
   
   
       80 . Angle as claimed in  claim 77 , wherein there are stamped-out nail tongues ( 21 ) in the end regions of the legs ( 23 ) and through holes ( 19 ) for fasteners in the region of the corner ( 18 ) of the metal angles ( 17 ). 
   
   
       81 . Angle as claimed in  claim 77 , wherein two metal angles ( 17 ) are connected, especially welded, to one another. 
   
   
       82 . Angle as claimed in  claim 81 , wherein two metal angles ( 17 ) are connected to one another to form a T-like metal angle, one leg ( 23 ) of one metal angle ( 17 ) with its outside edge being connected to the outside edge of one leg ( 23 ) of the other metal angle ( 17 ), and the two other legs ( 23 ) project in opposite directions from the interconnected legs ( 23 ). 
   
   
       83 . Angle as claimed in  claim 82 , wherein the metal angles ( 17 ) lie on one plane. 
   
   
       84 . Angle as claimed in  claim 83 , wherein the metal angles ( 17 ) lie in two planes which are at an angle to one another, especially at an angle of 90°.