Dimeric Double Metal Salts of (-) Hydroxycitric Acid, Methods of Making and Uses of Same

Abstract

The present invention relates to soluble dimeric double metal salt compositions of (−)-hydroxycitric acid (“HCA”), as well as methods for making and using the same. The invention provides dimeric double metal salts of group IA and IIA of HCA (hereinafter, “DDM-HCAs”). The present invention provides methods to make DDM-HCAs of the invention which can be employed to alter the polar/ionic qualities of HCA salts and derivatives to improve solubility of HCA compositions. DDM-HCAs of the invention are soluble HCA-containing compositions useful as dietary supplements and suitable for manipulations under those conditions necessary for tabletting, encapsulation, and the production of dry powders, particularly for use as a beverage premix. Methods of use of the composition include treatment for suppression of appetite, for weight loss, for an increase in the rate of fat metabolism, for reduction in blood lipids and postprandial lipemia, and to increase the plasma level of (−)-hydroxycitric acid.

1 . A composition comprising at least one dimeric, double metal salt of group IA and group IIA of (−)-hydroxycitric acid selected from the group consisting of: Formula I; Formula II; and Formula III, or any mixture thereof, as given below: 
       
         
           
                 
               
                     
                 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
             
                
               
               
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
         wherein X IS IIA group metal: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, or Ka; 
         wherein Y is IA group metal: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or Fr; and 
         wherein the relative molar ratio of IIA group metal to IA group metal is from at least about 1.0:3.5 to at least about 1.0:4.5. 
       
     
     
         2 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein (i) X is magnesium metal; (ii) Y is potassium metal; and (iii) the relative molar ratio of magnesium metal to potassium metal is from at least about 1.0:3.5 to at least about 1.0:4.5. 
     
     
         3 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the composition is formulated in a dry delivery system. 
     
     
         4 . The composition of  claim 3 , wherein the dry delivery system is selected from the group consisting of: a tablet; a dry powder; and a dry meal replacement mixture. 
     
     
         5 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the composition is formulated in a liquid delivery system. 
     
     
         6 . The composition of  claim 5 , wherein the liquid delivery system is selected from the group consisting of: a capsule; a caplet; and a beverage. 
     
     
         7 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the composition is formulated for oral delivery in a form selected from the group consisting of: a tablet; a caplet; and a capsule. 
     
     
         8 . The composition of  claim 1 , further comprising a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier. 
     
     
         9 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the total chloride content is less than about 1% by weight. 
     
     
         10 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the total chloride content is less than about 0.6% by weight. 
     
     
         11 . A process for preparing a composition comprising at least one dimeric, double metal salts of group IA and group IIA of (−)-hydroxycitric acid selected from the group consisting of: Formula l; Formula II; and Formula III, or any mixture thereof, as Given below: 
       
         
           
                 
               
                     
                 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
             
                
               
               
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
         wherein X is IIA group metal: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, or Ra; 
         wherein Y is IA group metal: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or Fr; and 
         wherein the relative molar ratio of IIA group metal to IA group metal is from at least about 1:3.5 to at least about 1:4.5, comprising the steps of: 
         a. preparing a liquid (−)-hydroxycitric acid/lactone concentrate mixture; 
         b. partially neutralizing 2 molar equivalents of the liquid (−)-hydroxycitric acid/lactone concentrate mixture with 4 molar equivalents of a group IA metal hydroxide under conditions wherein the reaction temperature is maintained from at least about 27° C. to at least about 33° C. to yield a partially neutralized liquid (−)-hydroxycitric acid/lactone concentrate mixture; 
         c. reacting the partially neutralized liquid (−)-hydroxycitric acid/lactone concentrate mixture of step b with one (1) molar equivalent of a IIA metal hydroxide to yield a fully neutralized liquid (−)-hydroxycitric acid/lactone concentrate mixture; 
         d. hydrolyzing the lactone component of the fully neutralized liquid (−)-hydroxycitric acid/lactone concentrate mixture of step c by heating the mixture to at least about 60° C. until the pH of the mixture is stable from about pH 8.8 to about pH 9.2 to yield a (−)-hydroxycitric acid dimeric double metal salt solution; and 
         e. isolating the dimeric, double metal salts of group IA and group IIA of (−)-hydroxycitric acid from the (−)-hydroxycitric acid dimeric, double metal salt solution of step d. 
       
     
     
         12 . The process of  claim 11 , wherein step A, the preparing a (−)-hydroxycitric acid/lactone concentrate mixture, is by extracting a (−)-hydroxycitric acid/lactone concentrate mixture from dried  Garcinia  rind. 
     
     
         13 . The process of  claim 12 , wherein extracting the (−)-hydroxycitric acid/lactone concentrate mixture comprises the following steps:
 a. extracting (−)-hydroxycitric acid from a dried  Garcinia  rind with demineralized water in an extractor for at least about 6 h to yield a first  Garcinia  extract and a once-extracted  Garcinia  rind;   b. filtering the first  Garcinia  extract of step a;   c. extracting the once-extracted  Garcinia  rind of step a with demineralized water in an extractor for at least about 6 h to yield a second  Garcinia  extract and a twice-extracted  Garcinia  rind;   d. filtering the second  Garcinia  extract of step c;   e. extracting the twice-extracted  Garcinia  of step c with demineralized water in an extractor for at least about 6 h to yield a third  Garcinia  extract and a three-times-extracted  Garcinia  rind;   f. filtering the third  Garcinia  extract of step e;   g. extracting the three-times-extracted  Garcinia  rind of step e with demineralized water in an extractor for at least about 6 h yield a fourth  Garcinia  extract and a four-times-extracted  Garcinia  rind;   h. filtering the fourth  Garcinia  extract of step f;   i. combining the filtered  Garcinia  extracts from step b, step d, step f and step h to yield a combined  Garcinia  mixture;   j. homogenizing the combined  Garcinia  extract mixture;   k. loading the homogenized  Garcinia  extract mixture of step j onto an anion exchange column for adsorption of the (−)-hydroxycitric acid onto the anion exchange column for adsorption of the (−)-hydroxycitric acid onto the anion exchange column;   l. eluting the (−)-hydroxycitric acid from the anion exchange column with sodium hydroxide solution to yield an anion exchange purified (−)-hydroxycitric acid sodium salt solution;   m. loading the purified (−)-hydroxycitric acid sodium salt of step I onto a cation exchange column for collection of free (−)-hydroxycitric acid as a free acid in a cation exchange purified (−)-hydroxycitric acid solution;   n. bleaching the cation exchange purified (−)-hydroxycitric acid solution of step m by mixing the cation exchange purified (−)-hydroxycitric acid solution with activated charcoal for 1 h at 80° C. to yield a bleached (−)-hydroxycitric acid solution;   o. cooling the bleached (−)-hydroxycitric acid solution to room temperature;   p. filtering the bleached (−)-hydroxycitric acid;   q. loading the bleached (−)-hydroxycitric acid solution of step p onto a cation exchange column to reduce the cation concentration of the bleached (−)-hydroxycitric acid solution;   r. loading the bleached (−)-hydroxycitric acid solution of step q onto an anion exchange column to reduce the chloride concentration of the bleached (−)-hydroxycitric acid solution to yield a (−)-hydroxycitric acid concentrate with at least about 1.0 percent weight (−)-hydroxycitric acid concentration; and   s. aging the (−)-hydroxycitric acid concentrate of step r to yield the liquid (−)-hydroxycitric acid/lactone concentrate mixture;   wherein the liquid (−)-hydroxycitric acid/lactone concentrate mixture wherein the (−)-hydroxycitric acid lactone is present at a concentration of least about 20% weight percent of the total weight of the liquid (−)-hydroxycitric acid/lactone concentrate mixture.   
     
     
         14 . The process of  claim 11 , wherein step e, isolating the dimeric, double metal salts of group IA and group IIA of (−)-hydroxycitric acid from the (−)-hydroxycitric acid dimeric double metal salt solution, comprises the substeps:
 1. concentrating the (−)-hydroxycitric acid dimeric, double metal salt solution to at least about 25% weight percent total solids to yield a concentrated (−)-hydroxycitric acid dimeric, double metal salt solution;   2. filtering the concentrated (−)-hydroxycitric acid dimeric, double metal salt solution of step a to yield a filtrate; and   3. drying the filtrate of step b.   
     
     
         15 . The process of  claim 14 , wherein step  3 , the drying of the filtrate, is a spray drying. 
     
     
         16 . The process of  claim 11 , wherein the group IA metal hydroxide is selected from the group consisting of: LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, and FrOH. 
     
     
         17 . The process of  claim 11 , wherein the group IIA metal hydroxide is selected from the group consisting of: Be(OH) 2 , Mg(OH) 2 , Ca(OH) 2 , Sr(OH) 2 , Ba(OH) 2 , and Ra(OH) 2 . 
     
     
         18 . A method of suppressing appetite in a subject, the method comprising administering to a subject, a subject in which appetite suppression is desired, the composition of  claim 1  in an amount sufficient to suppress the appetite in the subject. 
     
     
         19 . A method of reducing cytoplasmic citrate lyase activity in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject, a subject in which reducing cytoplasmic citrate lyase activity is desired, the composition of  claim 1  in an amount sufficient to reduce the citrate lyase activity. 
     
     
         20 . A method of increasing the fat metabolism in a subject, the method comprising administering to a subject, a subject in which increased fat metabolism is desired, the composition of  claim 1  in an amount sufficient to increase fat metabolism. 
     
     
         21 . A method of inducing weight-loss in a subject, the method comprising administering to a subject, a subject in which weight-loss is desired, the composition of  claim 1  in an amount sufficient to induce weight-loss. 
     
     
         22 . A method of reducing blood lipids and postprandial lipemia in a subject, the method comprising administering to a subject, a subject in which reduced blood lipids and postprandial lipemia are desired, the composition of  claim 1  in an amount sufficient to reduce blood lipids and postprandial lipemia. 
     
     
         23 . A method of modulating the level of (−)-hydroxycitric acid in the plasma of a subject, the method comprising administering to a subject, a subject in which modulation of the rate of appearance of (−)-hydroxycitric acid in the plasma of the subject is desired, the composition of  claim 1  in an amount sufficient to increase the level of the (−)-hydroxycitric acid in the plasma of the subject. 
     
     
         24 . The method of  claim 23 , wherein the level of (−)-hydroxycitric acid in the plasma of the subject having been administered the composition of  claim 1  is significantly greater than level of (−)-hydroxycitric acid in the plasma of the subject prior to administration of the composition. 
     
     
         25 . The method of  claim 23 , wherein the increased level of (−)-hydroxycitric acid in the plasma of the subject having been administered the composition of  claim 1  is increased due to the influx of the DDM-HCAs of the composition into the circulatory system of the subject.