Unleaded fuel compositions

Abstract

An unleaded fuel composition comprising: a combination of alkylated benzenes comprising alkyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; 5 vol. % or more of one or more aromatic amines; and, an isoparaffin composition selected from the group consisting of alkylate, a combination of isoparaffins having a total number of carbon atoms of 11 or less, and combinations thereof.

1 . An unleaded fuel composition comprising:
 a combination of alkylated benzenes comprising alkyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms;   5 vol. % or more of one or more aromatic amines; and,   an isoparaffin composition selected from the group consisting of alkylate, a combination of isoparaffins having a total number of carbon atoms of 11 or less, and combinations thereof.   
     
     
         2 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 1  having an octane number of greater than 105. 
     
     
         3 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 1  having an octane number of 106 or more. 
     
     
         4 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 1  having an octane number of 110 or more. 
     
     
         5 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 4  wherein the composition is free of any other ingredient or combination of ingredients which increases the octane number of the fuel composition by more than 1.0 unit. 
     
     
         6 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 1  further comprising one or more oxygenate octane boosters. 
     
     
         7 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 5  further comprising one or more oxygenate octane boosters. 
     
     
         8 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 7  wherein the one or more oxygenate octane boosters comprise alkyl ethers selected from the group consisting of methyl tertiary butyl ether, ethyl tertiary butyl ether, and methyl tertiary amyl ether. 
     
     
         9 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 1  wherein the alkylated benzenes comprise alkyl groups having from 1 to 2 carbon atoms. 
     
     
         10 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 9  wherein the alkyl groups are methyl groups. 
     
     
         11 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 1  wherein the one or more aromatic amines have the following structure: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R 3 , R 4 , and R 5  independently are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl groups having from about 1 to 2 carbon atoms. 
     
     
         12 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 11  wherein R 3 , R 4 , and R 5  independently are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl groups. 
     
     
         13 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 11  wherein R 3  is hydrogen. 
     
     
         14 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 11  wherein R 4  is hydrogen and R 5  is an alkyl group located at a position relative to the —HNR 3  group selected from the group consisting of the meta-position and the para-position. 
     
     
         15 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 13  wherein R 4  is hydrogen and R 5  is an alkyl group located at a position relative to the —HNR 3  group selected from the group consisting of the meta-position and the para-position. 
     
     
         16 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 15  comprising:
 from about 20 vol. % to about 60 vol. % of the combination of alkylated benzenes;   about 15 vol. % or less of the one or more aromatic amines; and,   from about 40 vol. % to about 80 vol. % of the isoparaffin composition.   
     
     
         17 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 15  comprising:
 from about 14 vol. % to about 18 vol. % toluene;   from about 12 vol. % to about 16 vol. % m-xylene; and,   from about 12 vol. % to about 16 vol. % 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene;   from about 45 vol. % to about 50 vol. % isooctane;   from about 3 vol. % to about 7 vol. % iso-pentane; and,   from about 5 vol. % to about 10 vol. % of the one or more aromatic amines.   
     
     
         18 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 15  comprising:
 from about 40 vol. % to about 50 vol. % of the combination of alkylated benzenes;   from about 45 vol. % to about 50 vol. % isooctane;   from about 3 vol. % to about 7 vol. % iso-pentane; and,   from about 5 vol. % to about 10 vol. % of the one or more aromatic amines.   
     
     
         19 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 18  wherein the combination of alkylated benzenes comprises:
 from about 21 vol. % to about 25 vol. % toluene; and   from about 19 vol. % to about 24 vol. % m-xylene, based on the total weight of the unleaded fuel composition.   
     
     
         20 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 15  comprising:
 from about 13 vol. % to about 17 vol. % toluene;   from about 12 vol. % to about 16 vol. % m-xylene;   from about 12 vol. % to about 16 vol. % 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene;   from about 3 vol. % to about 10 vol. % iso-pentane;   from about 40 vol. % to about 49 vol. % isooctane;   from about 5 vol. % to about 10 vol. % of the one or more aromatic amines; and,   from about 12 vol. % to about 16 vol. % of an oxygenate octane booster comprising one or more alkyl ethers.   
     
     
         21 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 15  comprising:
 from about 13 vol. % to about 17 vol. % toluene;   from about 12 vol. % to about 16 vol. % m-xylene;   from about 47 vol. % to about 56 vol. % alkylate;   from about 5 vol. % to about 10 vol. % of the one or more aromatic amines; and,   from about 12 vol. % to about 16 vol. % of an oxygenate octane booster comprising one or more alkyl ethers.   
     
     
         22 . An unleaded fuel composition comprising:
 an isoparaffin composition comprising alkylate;   a combination of alkylated benzenes comprising alkyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and,   one or more aromatic amines comprising an aromatic ring comprising an amine substituent.   
     
     
         23 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 22  comprising about 0.1 vol. % or more of the one or more aromatic amines. 
     
     
         24 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 22  comprising about 0.5 vol. % or more of the one or more aromatic amines. 
     
     
         25 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 22  comprising about 1 vol. % or more of the one or more aromatic amines. 
     
     
         26 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 22  comprising about 2 vol. % or more of one or more aromatic amines. 
     
     
         27 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 22  comprising 5 vol. % or more of the one or more aromatic amines. 
     
     
         28 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 27  wherein the one or more aromatic amines comprise an alkyl substituent at a position relative to the amine substituent selected from the group consisting of the meta-position and the para-position. 
     
     
         29 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 28  wherein the amine substituent is a —NH 2  substituent. 
     
     
         30 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 22  wherein the isoparaffin composition is alkylate. 
     
     
         31 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 29  wherein the isoparaffin composition is alkylate. 
     
     
         32 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 22  having an octane number of 105 or more. 
     
     
         33 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 29  having an octane number of 105 or more. 
     
     
         34 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 22  having an octane number of 110 or more. 
     
     
         35 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 29  having an octane number of 110 or more. 
     
     
         36 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 22  wherein the alkylate comprises about 70 vol. % or more isoparaffins having a total of 8 carbon atoms. 
     
     
         37 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 34  wherein the composition is free of any other ingredient or combination of ingredients which increases the octane number of the fuel composition by more than 1.0 unit. 
     
     
         38 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 22  further comprising one or more oxygenated octane boosters. 
     
     
         39 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 38  wherein the one or more oxygenated octane boosters comprise alkyl ethers selected from the group consisting of methyl tertiary butyl ether, ethyl tertiary butyl ether, and methyl tertiary amyl ether. 
     
     
         40 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 22  wherein
 the alkylated benzenes comprise alkyl groups having from 1 to 2 carbon atoms; and,   the one or more aromatic amines have the following structure:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 3 , R 4 , and R 5  independently are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl groups having from about 1 to 2 carbon atoms. 
       
     
     
         41 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 40  wherein R 3 , R 4 , and R 5  independently are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl groups having 1 carbon atom. 
     
     
         42 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 40  wherein R 3  is hydrogen. 
     
     
         43 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 40  wherein R 4  is hydrogen and R 5  is an alkyl group located at a position relative to the —HNR 3  group selected from the group consisting of the meta-position and the para-position. 
     
     
         44 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 42  wherein R 4  is hydrogen and R 5  is an alkyl group located at a position relative to the —HNR 3  group selected from the group consisting of the meta-position and the para-position. 
     
     
         45 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 43  comprising:
 from about 40 vol. % to about 60 vol. % of the combination of alkylated benzenes;   about 15 vol. % or less of the one or more aromatic amines; and,   from about 40 vol. % to about 50 vol. % alkylate.   
     
     
         46 . An unleaded fuel composition comprising:
 from about 40 vol. % to about 50 vol. % alkylate;   from about 30 vol. % to about 40 vol. % toluene;   from about 10 vol. % to about 20 vol. % m-xylene; and,   from 2 vol. % to about 12 vol. % aniline.   
     
     
         47 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 46  comprising about 5 vol. % or more aniline. 
     
     
         48 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 46  comprising:
 from about 42 vol. % to about 46 vol. % alkylate;   from about 32 vol. % to about 36 vol. % toluene;   from about 13 vol. % to about 17 vol. % m-xylene; and,   from about 5 vol. % to about 9 vol. % aniline.   
     
     
         49 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 46  wherein the alkylate comprises about 70 vol. % or more isoparaffins having a total of 8 carbon atoms. 
     
     
         50 . An unleaded fuel composition comprising:
 about 44 vol. % alkylate comprising about 70 vol. % or more isoparaffins having a total of 8 carbon atoms;   about 34 vol. % toluene;   about 15 vol. % m-xylene; and,   about 7 vol. % aniline.   
     
     
         51 . The unleaded fuel composition of  claim 50  further comprising:
 40 mg/kg lead replacement additive;   30 mg/kg antioxidant; and,   from about 1 to about 2 g/gallon detergent additive.