Process to obtain biolubricants and bioparaffins by hydroprocessing mixtures of wax obtained from renewable resources and waxes of mineral origin

Abstract

Process for hydroconversion of loads of mixtures of waxes from renewable resources that may be made up of waxes of mineral origin or waxes of animal origin, that may be used in their pure form or mixed in any proportion, that may optionally be combined with loads of hydrocarbons of mineral origin, as is the case of waxes obtained from petroleum, by industrial treatment. This mixture flow is submitted to a hydrotreatment and hydroisomerization/hydrofinishing process and the referenced process takes place under the usual hydroconversion conditions, in the presence of a hydrogen stream and hydroconversion catalysts, resulting in obtaining products referred to as biolubricants and bioparaffins, that present characteristics of being biodegradable and less of an environmental pollutant.

1 . Process for the production of biolubricants and bioparaffins from hydroprocessing of a mixture of waxes obtained from renewable sources with waxes of mineral origin, characterized by the said process including:
 a) providing a load of wax from renewable sources, selected from the group of waxes of vegetable origin, waxes of animal origin, or a mixture of both in any proportion;   b) providing a load of wax of mineral origin of petroleum origin,   c) performing hydroconversion of mixtures (a) and (b);   d) recovering a flow of paraffin, known as bioparaffin;   e) performing hydroisodewaxing of the bioparaffin;   f) performing hydrofinishing of the biolubricant; and   g) recovering a flow of basic lubricant oil, known as biolubricant.   
     
     
         2 . Process in accordance with  claim 1 , characterized by a load of wax from renewable sources mentioned in (a) be used in a proportion in mass of 1% to 100% in relation to the load of wax of mineral origin mentioned in (b). 
     
     
         3 . Process in accordance with  claim 1 , characterized by a load of waxes of mineral origin mentioned in (b) be used in a proportion in mass of 99% to 0% in relation to the load of wax from renewable sources mentioned in (a). 
     
     
         4 . Process in accordance with  claim 1 , characterized by the referenced stage (d) including the recovery of a stream of bioparaffin presenting the following properties:
 i) melting point within a range of 36° C. and 80° C.;   ii) complies with FDA (Food and Drug Administration) regulations.   
     
     
         5 . Process in accordance with  claim 1 , characterized by the referenced stage (a) including the recovery of a stream of biolubricant presenting the following properties:
 i) fluidity point <−3° C. and viscosity at 100° C.>2 cSt;   ii) present biodegradable characteristics.   
     
     
         6 . Process in accordance with  claim 1 , characterized by the referenced wax of vegetable origin be selected, preferably from Carnauba wax (Copernica Cerifera), Jojoba, Ouricuri/Licuri, pure or mixed in any proportion. 
     
     
         7 . Process in accordance with  claim 1 , characterized by the referenced wax of animal origin be selected preferably from beeswax, spermaceti of whale, pure or mixed in any proportion. 
     
     
         8 . Process in accordance with  claim 1 , characterized by the operational conditions of the referenced process including:
 a) to pressurize the wax from renewable sources (A);   b) to pressurize and heat by heat exchange the wax of mineral origin (B);   c) to mix the stream of wax from renewable sources with the stream of wax of mineral origin, obtaining a stream made up of the mixture of the referenced waxes, which is mixed with a stream of recycled gas (D) that is rich in hydrogen, producing the stream ( 1007 );   d) to heat the stream ( 1007 ), to the entry temperature of the reactor ( 2006 ) in the presence of a catalyst, with pressure of 7 MPa to 15 MPa, temperature of a catalytic bed of 250° C. to 400° C., space velocity between 0.3 h −1  to 2 h −1 , with a hydrogen load ratio in the range of 200 NL of hydrogen/L per load to 500 NL of hydrogen/L per load;   e) to distill the outlet product ( 1009 ) of the reactor ( 2006 ) in the fractionating tower ( 2009 ) to separate the light products formed ( 1014 ), that also contains a stream of water produced by the process which is sent to the acid water treatment system of the refinery (C), and the stream ( 1013 ) containing the bioparaffin which is recovered in (F);   f) to process the stream ( 1013 ) in the second reactor ( 2010 ) where the hydroisodewaxing reactions take place, in the presence of a catalyst bed, with pressure of between 7 MPa to 15 MPa, temperature of a catalytic bed between 250° C. and 400° C., space velocity between 0.4 h −1  to 1.5 h −1 , with a hydrogen load ratio in the range of 300 NL of hydrogen/L per load to 500 NL of hydrogen/L per load, which produces a stream ( 1010 );   g) to process the stream ( 1010 ) in a reactor ( 2011 ) with a hydrogenation catalyst to perform the hydrofinishing stage of the stream ( 1010 ), with pressure of 7 MPa to 15 MPa, temperature of a catalytic bed between 250° C. and 400° C., space velocity between 0.3 h −1  to 1.5 h −1 , with a hydrogen load ratio in the range of 200 NL of hydrogen/L per load to 500 NL of hydrogen/L per load;   h) to separate the stream ( 1012 ), containing the product obtained from hydrofinishing the wax (from renewable sources) mixture with waxes of mineral origin; and   i) to recover a stream of basic oil lubricant, known as biolubricant in (E).   
     
     
         9 . Process in accordance with  claim 1 , characterized by producing a biolubricant that may optionally be cracked and the cut at 360° C. obtained may be incorporated into diesel to improve the quality of the diesel due to its elevated cetane number.