Foaming Agents, Foamable Compositions, Foams And Articles Containing Pentafluorinated Olefins, And Methods Of Making Same

Abstract

Various uses of fluoroalkenes, including pentafluoropropenes, particularly (HFO-1225yez) in a variety of applications, including as blowing agents are disclosed.

1 . A blowing agent comprising:
 (a) 1,1,1,2,3 pentafluoropropene (HFO-1225yez); and   (b) at least one adjuvant selected from the group consisting of co-blowing agent(s), surfactant(s), polymer modifier(s), toughening agent(s), colorant(s), dye(s), solubility enhancer(s), rheology modifier(s), plasticizing agent(s), flammability suppressant(s), antibacterial agent(s), viscosity reduction modifier(s), filler(s), vapor pressure modifier(s), nucleating agent(s), catalyst(s) and combination of any two or more of these.   
     
     
         2 . The blowing agent of  claim 1  wherein said 1,1,1,2,3 pentafluoropropene comprises cis HFO-1225yez. 
     
     
         3 . The blowing agent of  claim 1  wherein said 1,1,1,2,3 pentafluoropropene comprises transHFO-1225yez. 
     
     
         4 . The blowing agent of  claim 1  wherein said 1,1,1,2,3 pentafluoropropene comprises cis HFO-1225yez and transHFO-1225yez. 
     
     
         5 . The blowing agent of  claim 1  having a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of not greater than about 150. 
     
     
         6 . The blowing agent of  claim 1  having an Ozone Depleting Potential (ODP) of not greater than about 0.05. 
     
     
         7 . The blowing agent of  claim 1  wherein said 1,1,1,2,3 pentafluoropropene (HFO-1225yez) is present in the composition in amounts of from about 1% by weight to about 99% by weight of the blowing agent. 
     
     
         8 . The blowing agent of  claim 1  wherein said 1,1,1,2,3 pentafluoropropene (HFO-1225yez) is present in the composition in amounts of from about 5% by weight to about 95% by weight of the blowing agent. 
     
     
         9 . The blowing agent of  claim 1  wherein said 1,1,1,2,3 pentafluoropropene (HFO-1225yez) is present in the composition in amounts of from about 40% by weight to about 90% by weight of the blowing agent. 
     
     
         10 . The blowing agent of  claim 1  wherein said adjuvant comprises at least one co-blowing agent. 
     
     
         11 . The blowing agent of  claim 10  wherein said co-blowing agent is present in the blowing agent in amounts of from about 5% to about 95% by weight of the blowing agent composition. 
     
     
         12 . The blowing agent of  claim 10  wherein said co-blowing agent is present in the blowing agent in amounts of from about 5% to about 65% by weight of the blowing agent composition. 
     
     
         13 . The blowing agent of  claim 10  wherein said co-blowing agent comprises H 2 O in amounts of from about 5% to about 65% by weight of the blowing agent composition. 
     
     
         14 . The blowing agent of  claim 10  wherein said co-blowing agent comprises H 2 O in amounts of from about 10% to about 40% by weight of the blowing agent composition. 
     
     
         15 . The blowing agent of  claim 10  wherein said co-blowing agent comprises H 2 O in amounts of from about 10% to about 20% by weight of the blowing agent composition. 
     
     
         16 . The blowing agent of  claim 10  wherein said co-blowing agent comprises CO 2  in amounts of from about 5% to about 60% by weight of the blowing agent composition. 
     
     
         17 . The blowing agent of  claim 10  wherein said co-blowing agent comprises CO 2  in amounts of from about 20% to about 50% by weight of the blowing agent composition. 
     
     
         18 . The blowing agent of  claim 10  wherein said co-blowing agent comprises CO 2  in amounts of from about 40% to about 50% by weight of the blowing agent composition. 
     
     
         19 . The blowing agent of  claim 10  wherein said co-blowing agent comprises one or more alcohols in amounts of from about 5% to about 40% by weight of the blowing agent composition. 
     
     
         20 . The blowing agent of  claim 10  wherein said co-blowing agent comprises one or more alcohols in amounts of from about 10% to about 40% by weight of the blowing agent composition. 
     
     
         21 . The blowing agent of  claim 10  wherein said co-blowing agent comprises one or more alcohols in amounts of from about 15% to a bout 25% by weight of the blowing agent composition. 
     
     
         22 . The blowing agent of  claim 10  wherein said one or more alcohols is selected from the group consisting of C2 alcohols, C3 alcohols and C5 alcohols, and combinations of these. 
     
     
         23 . The blowing agent of  claim 10  wherein said co-blowing agent comprises one or more HFCs in amounts of from about 5% to about 80% by weight of the blowing agent composition. 
     
     
         24 . The blowing agent of  claim 10  wherein said co-blowing agent comprises one or more HFCs in amounts of from about 10% to about 75% by weight of the blowing agent composition. 
     
     
         25 . The blowing agent of  claim 10  wherein said co-blowing agent comprises one or more HFCs in amounts of from about 25% to a bout 75% by weight of the blowing agent composition. 
     
     
         26 . The blowing agent of  claim 25  wherein said one or more HFCs comprises C2-C4 HFC. 
     
     
         27 . The blowing agent of  claim 25  wherein said one or more HFCs comprises C3HFC. 
     
     
         28 . The blowing agent of  claim 27  wherein said one or more C3 HFCs comprises pentafluorinated C3 HFC. 
     
     
         29 . The blowing agent of  claim 28  wherein said pentafluorinated C3 HFC comprises HFC-245fa. 
     
     
         30 . The blowing agent of  claim 10  wherein said co-blowing agent comprises one or more hydrocarbons (HCs) in amounts of from about 5% to about 80% by weight of the blowing agent composition. 
     
     
         31 . The blowing agent of  claim 10  wherein said co-blowing agent comprises one or more HCs in amounts of from about 20% to about 60% by weight of the blowing agent composition. 
     
     
         32 . The blowing agent of  claim 31  wherein said one or more HCs comprises C3-C5 HCs. 
     
     
         33 . The blowing agent of  claim 10  wherein said at least one co-blowing agent comprises one or more HFCs. 
     
     
         34 . The blowing agent of  claim 37  wherein said one or more HFCs comprise one or more C1-C4 HFCs. 
     
     
         35 . The blowing agent of  claim 10  wherein said at least one co-blowing agent comprises one or more HFCs. 
     
     
         36 . The blowing agent of  claim 35  wherein said one or more HFCs comprise one or more C1-C4 HFCs. 
     
     
         37 . The blowing agent of  claim 35  wherein said one or more HFCs are selected from the group consisting of difluoromethane (HFC-32), fluoroethane (HFC-161)difluoroethane (HFC-152), trifluoroethane (HFC-143), tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134), pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), pentafluoropropane (HFC-245), hexafluoropropane (HFC-236), heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea), pentafluorobutane (HFC-365), hexafluorobutane (HFC-356), all isomers of all of these, and combinations of two or more of these 
     
     
         38 . The blowing agent of  claim 10  wherein said at least one co-blowing agent comprises one or more C3-C5 HCs. 
     
     
         39 . The blowing agent of  claim 10  wherein said at least one co-blowing agent comprises one or more C4-C6 hydrocarbons. 
     
     
         40 . The blowing agent of  claim 39  wherein said one or more hydrocarbons are selected from the group consisting of isopentane, normal pentane, cyclopentane, butane and isobutane, and combinations of two or more of these. 
     
     
         41 . The blowing agent of  claim 1  wherein said adjuvant comprises at least one co-blowing agent selected from the group consisting of water, CO 2 , CFCs, HCCs, HCFCs, C1-C5 alcohols, C1-C4 aldehydes, C1-C4 ketones, C1-C4 ethers, and combinations of two or more of these. 
     
     
         42 . A foamable composition comprising a foam forming agent and 1,1,1,2,3 pentafluoropropene (HFO-1225yez). 
     
     
         43 . The foamable composition of  claim 42  wherein said foam forming agent comprises at least one thermoset foam component. 
     
     
         44 . The foamable composition of  claim 43  wherein said at least one thermoset component comprises a composition capable of forming polyurethane foam. 
     
     
         45 . The foamable composition of  claim 43  wherein said at least one thermoset component comprises a composition capable of forming polyisocyanurate foam. 
     
     
         46 . The foamable composition of  claim 43  wherein said at least one thermoset component comprises a composition capable of forming phenolic foam. 
     
     
         47 . The foamable composition of  claim 42  wherein said foam forming agent comprises at least one thermoplastic foam component. 
     
     
         48 . The foamable composition of  claim 47  wherein said at least one thermoplastic foam component comprises a thermoplastic polymer. 
     
     
         49 . The foamable composition of  claim 47  wherein said at least one thermoplastic component comprises a polyolefin. 
     
     
         50 . The foamable composition of  claim 49  wherein said polyolefin is selected from the group consisting of monovinyl aromatic compounds, ethylene-based compounds, propylene-based polymers, and combinations of these. 
     
     
         51 . The foamable composition of  claim 49  wherein said polyolefin is selected from the group consisting of polystyrene, ethylene homopolymers, polypropylene, polyethyleneterepthalate (PET) and combinations of these. 
     
     
         52 . The foamable composition of  claim 47  wherein the foam forming agent is a thermoplastic and said blowing agent further comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of C1-C5 alcohols, C1-C4 ethers, and combinations of two or more of these. 
     
     
         53 . The foamable composition of  claim 43  wherein the foam forming agent is a thermoplastic and said blowing agent further comprises ethanol. 
     
     
         54 . The foamable composition of  claim 43  wherein the foam forming agent is a thermoplastic and said blowing agent further comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of dimethyl ether, diethyl ether and combinations of these. 
     
     
         55 . The foamable composition of  claim 43  wherein the foam forming agent is a thermoset and said blowing agent further comprises methyl formate. 
     
     
         56 . A foam premix composition comprising polyol and 1,1,1,2,3 pentafluoropropene (HFO-1225yez). 
     
     
         57 . A method of forming a foam comprising adding to a foamable and/or foaming composition a blowing agent comprising 1,1,1,2,3 pentafluoropropene (HFO-1225yez). 
     
     
         58 . The method of  claim 57  further comprising reacting the foamable composition under conditions effective to form a cellular structure. 
     
     
         59 . The method of  claim 57  wherein said foamable composition comprises isocyanate. 
     
     
         60 . The method of  claim 57  wherein said foamable composition comprises polyol. 
     
     
         61 . The method of  claim 57  wherein said foamable composition comprises at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of catalysts, surfactants, flame retardants, colorants, and combinations of these. 
     
     
         62 . A foam comprising a plurality of polymeric cells and a composition contained in at least one of said cells, said composition comprising 1,1,1,2,3 pentafluoropropene (HFO-1225yez). 
     
     
         63 . An article selected from the group consisting of block, foam, and laminate comprising the foam of  claim 62 . 
     
     
         64 . The foam of  claim 62  being a form selected from the group consisting of rigid foam, open cell foam, closed cell foam, flexible foam, and integral skin foam. 
     
     
         65 . A refrigerator comprising the foam of  claim 62 . 
     
     
         66 . A freezer comprising the foam of  claim 62 . 
     
     
         67 . The foam of  claim 62  having a k-factor K-factor (BTU in/hr ft 2  ° F.) at 40° F. of not greater than about 0.14. 
     
     
         68 . The foam of  claim 62  having a k-factor K-factor (BTU in/hr ft 2  ° F.) at 40° F. of not greater than about 0.12. 
     
     
         69 . The foam of  claim 62  having a k-factor K-factor (BTU in/hr ft 2  ° F.) at 75° F. of not greater than about 0.16. 
     
     
         70 . The foam of  claim 62  having a k-factor K-factor (BTU in/hr ft 2  ° F.) at 75° F. of not greater than about 0.15.