Rapid exchange catheters usable with embolic protection devices

Abstract

Catheters, assemblies, and methods for delivering and recovering embolic protection devices. Catheters are provided that can be advanced over single length guide wires and which can be retracted over single length wire shafts of distal embolic protection devices. One catheter is a two-port catheter having two sidewall ports, a distal end port, and a proximal end port. The two-port catheter can be advanced over a guide wire threaded between the distal end port and the distal sidewall port. An embolic protection device wire shaft can be back loaded into the distal end port and out the proximal sidewall port. A three-port catheter includes a distal end port, and distal, intermediate, and proximal sidewall ports. The distal sidewall port can be dimensioned to accept passage of a filter body through the port. The distal end port can be dimensioned to accept only a guide wire to provide a smooth transition from the guide wire to the small profile distal end. The guide wire can extend between the distal end port and the intermediate port while the filter body shaft can extend through the proximal port, to be distally urged through the distal sidewall port. Another catheter embodiment is a slotted catheter, including a biased, normally open slot over most of its length. The slot can be sufficiently small to resist unwanted transverse movement of a wire through the slot. The slotted catheter can be retracted over a wire by forcing the wire through the resilient slot.

1 . A sheath for deployment of a medical device having a first outer diameter in a first, closed state and a second outer diameter in a second, expanded state, comprising: 
 an elongate tubular member having a proximal end, a distal end, and a lumen therebetween, the elongate tubular member having a first opening from the lumen at the distal end, a second opening from the lumen proximal to the distal end, and a third opening from the lumen distal of the proximal end of the tubular member, the openings defining points at which the lumen opens to an environment surrounding the sheath;    a guidewire that passes through the first opening, through the lumen of the elongate tubular member, and through the second opening; and    a support wire extending through the lumen from proximal the second opening toward the distal end, the support wire adapted to receive an endoluminal medical device.    
   
   
       2 . The sheath of  claim 1 , wherein the sheath is a rapid exchange sheath.  
   
   
       3 . The sheath of  claim 1 , wherein the second opening is a short distance proximal to the distal end.  
   
   
       4 . The sheath of  claim 1 , wherein the support wire further comprises an expandable filter mounted on a distal end of the support wire.  
   
   
       5 . The sheath of  claim 4 , wherein the support wire and filter are positioned within the lumen of the elongate tubular member.  
   
   
       6 . The sheath of  claim 1 , further comprising an endoluminal medical device.  
   
   
       7 . The sheath of  claim 1 , wherein the proximal end of the elongate tubular member includes a hemostatic valve.  
   
   
       8 . The sheath of  claim 6 , wherein the endoluminal medical device is selected from the group consisting of an angioplasty catheter, a stent-deployment catheter, an atherectomy catheter, an intravascular ultrasound catheter, a filter catheter, a guidewire, and an aspiration catheter.  
   
   
       9 . The sheath of  claim 1 , wherein the second opening is located 10 centimeters proximal from the distal end.  
   
   
       10 . A method for deploying an endoluminal medical device having a first outer diameter in a first, closed state and a second outer diameter in a second, expanded state, comprising the steps of: 
 providing an elongate tubular member having a proximal end, a distal end, and a lumen therebetween, the elongate tubular member having a first opening from the lumen at the distal end, a second opening from the lumen proximal to the distal end, and a third opening from the lumen distal of the proximal end of the tubular member, the openings defining points at which the lumen opens to an environment surrounding the sheath;    advancing a guidewire to a region of interest within a patient's vessel;    passing a proximal end of the guidewire through the first opening, through the lumen of the elongate tubular member, and through the second opening;    advancing the elongate tubular member over the guidewire until it is positioned within a region of interest; and    advancing an endoluminal medical device through the lumen from proximal the second and third openings and out the first opening of the elongate tubular member until it is positioned within the region of interest.    
   
   
       11 . The method of  claim 10 , wherein the second opening is a short distance proximal to the distal end.  
   
   
       12 . The method of  claim 10 , wherein the endoluminal medical device is positioned within the lumen of the elongate tubular member before the step of advancing the elongate tubular member over the guidewire.  
   
   
       13 . The method of  claim 10 , wherein the step of advancing the guidewire to a region of interest is completed before the step of passing a proximal end of the guidewire through the first opening.  
   
   
       14 . The method of  claim 10 , further comprising the step of removing the guidewire.  
   
   
       15 . The method of  claim 10 , further comprising the step of withdrawing the elongate tubular member.  
   
   
       16 . The method of  claim 10 , further comprising the step of deploying the endoluminal medical device.  
   
   
       17 . The method of  claim 10 , wherein the endoluminal medical device is a support wire having a filter mounted on a distal end.  
   
   
       18 . The method of  claim 17 , further comprising the step of advancing a second endoluminal medical device over the support wire.  
   
   
       19 . The method of  claim 17 , further comprising the step of expanding the filter downstream of the region of interest.  
   
   
       20 . The method of  claim 10 , wherein the vessel is an artery.  
   
   
       21 . The method of  claim 20 , wherein the artery is the internal carotid artery.  
   
   
       22 . The method of  claim 20 , wherein the artery is the common carotid artery.  
   
   
       23 . The method of  claim 20 , wherein the artery is the aorta.  
   
   
       24 . The method of  claim 10 , wherein the elongate tubular member is positioned upstream of a lesion.  
   
   
       25 . A sheath for deployment of a medical device having a first outer diameter in a first, closed state and a second outer diameter in a second, expanded state, comprising: 
 an elongate tubular member having a lumen, a proximal end and a distal end, the elongate tubular member having a first opening from the lumen at the distal end, and first and second outlet pathways from the lumen;    the first and second outlet pathways having first and second exits, respectively, defining points at which the first and second outlet pathways open to an environment surrounding the sheath;    wherein the first exit is proximal the first opening and the second exit is proximal the first exit and distal of the proximal end of the sheath; and    wherein the first opening and the first outlet pathway are adapted to pass a first elongate member, and the elongate tubular member further adapted to pass a second elongate member through the second outlet pathway, through the lumen from proximal the first exit and through the first opening.    
   
   
       26 . The sheath of  claim 25 , wherein the sheath is a rapid exchange sheath.  
   
   
       27 . The sheath of  claim 25 , wherein the second exit is a short distance proximal from the distal end.  
   
   
       28 . The sheath of  claim 1 , wherein the third opening is a short distance proximal from the distal end.  
   
   
       29 . A method for deploying an endoluminal medical device having a first outer diameter in a first, closed state and a second outer diameter in a second, expanded state, comprising the steps of: 
 providing a sheath having an elongate tubular member having a lumen, a proximal end and a distal end, the elongate tubular member having a first opening from the lumen at the distal end, and first and second outlet pathways from the lumen;    the first and second outlet pathways having first and second exits defining points at which the first and second outlet pathways, respectively, open to an environment surrounding the sheath; wherein the first exit is proximal the first opening and the second exit is proximal the first exit and distal of the proximal end of the sheath;    advancing a guidewire to a region of interest within a patient's vessel;    passing a proximal end of the guidewire through the first opening of the elongate tubular member, and through the first outlet pathway; and    advancing the elongate tubular member over the guidewire until it is positioned within the region of interest, the elongate tubular member having an endoluminal medical device extending through the lumen from proximal the first exit toward the first opening.    
   
   
       30 . The method of  claim 29 , wherein the first exit is a short distance proximal to the distal end.  
   
   
       31 . The method of  claim 29 , wherein the second exit is a short distance proximal to the distal end.  
   
   
       32 . The method of  claim 29 , wherein the endoluminal medical device is releasably carried at the distal end of the elongate tubular member.  
   
   
       33 . The method of  claim 29 , wherein the endoluminal device is associated with the distal end of a second elongate member that extends proximal through the second exit, and is operable from a proximal end outside the patient's body.  
   
   
       34 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein the endoluminal device is mounted at the distal end of a second elongate member.  
   
   
       35 . The sheath of  claim 33 , wherein the endoluminal medical device is selected from the group consisting of an angioplasty catheter, a stent-deployment catheter, an atherectomy catheter, an intravascular ultrasound catheter, a filter catheter, a guidewire, and an aspiration catheter.  
   
   
       36 . The method of  claim 29 , wherein the elongate tubular member has a lumen extending between the proximal and distal ends.  
   
   
       37 . The method of  claim 29 , wherein the endoluminal medical device is positioned within the lumen of the elongate tubular member before the step of advancing the elongate tubular member over the guidewire.  
   
   
       38 . The method of  claim 29 , wherein the step of advancing the guidewire to a region of interest is completed before the step of passing a proximal end of the guidewire through the first opening.  
   
   
       39 . The method of  claim 29 , further comprising the step of removing the guidewire.  
   
   
       40 . The method of  claim 29 , further comprising the step of withdrawing the elongate tubular member.  
   
   
       41 . The method of  claim 40 , further comprising the step of deploying the endoluminal medical device.  
   
   
       42 . The method of  claim 29 , wherein the endoluminal medical device is a support wire having a filter associated with a distal end.  
   
   
       43 . The method of  claim 29 , further comprising the step of advancing a second endoluminal medical device over a second elongate member.  
   
   
       44 . The method of  claim 42 , further comprising the step of expanding the filter downstream of the region of interest.  
   
   
       45 . The method of  claim 29 , wherein the vessel is an artery.  
   
   
       46 . The method of  claim 45 , wherein the artery is selected from the group consisting of an internal carotid artery, a saphenous vein graft, a renal artery, a native coronary artery, a peripheral artery, a femoral artery, and an iliac artery.  
   
   
       47 . The method of  claim 45 , wherein the artery is the common carotid artery.  
   
   
       48 . The method of  claim 45 , wherein the artery is the aorta.  
   
   
       49 . The method of  claim 29 , wherein the elongate tubular member is positioned upstream of a lesion.  
   
   
       50 . The sheath of  claim 1 , wherein the first opening has a diameter at least as great as the first outer diameter of the medical device.  
   
   
       51 . The method of  claim 10 , wherein the first opening has a diameter at least as great as the first outer diameter of the medical device.  
   
   
       52 . The sheath of  claim 25 , wherein the first outlet pathway extends from a second opening in the lumen to the first exit.  
   
   
       53 . The sheath of  claim 25 , wherein the second outlet pathway extends from a third opening in the lumen to the second exit.  
   
   
       54 . The sheath of  claim 25 , wherein the first and second outlet pathways are defined by openings through the side of the elongate tubular member.  
   
   
       55 . The method of  claim 29 , wherein the first outlet pathway extends from a second opening in the lumen to the first exit.  
   
   
       56 . The method of  claim 29 , wherein the second outlet pathway extends from a third opening in the lumen to the second exit.  
   
   
       57 . The method of  claim 29 , wherein the first and second outlet pathways are defined by openings through the side of the elongate tubular member.