US2008090860A1PendingUtilityA1

Retinoid x receptor modulators

Individually held — no corporate assignee on recordPriority: Mar 14, 2001Filed: Aug 23, 2007Published: Apr 17, 2008
Est. expiryMar 14, 2021(expired)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
A61P 3/10A61P 3/06A61P 9/10A61P 37/08A61P 9/00A61P 43/00A61P 5/40A61P 31/04A61P 3/04A61P 29/00A61P 25/16A61P 35/00A61P 25/00A61P 25/28A61P 35/02C07D 307/85C07D 333/60C07D 261/20C07D 209/12A61P 17/14C07D 307/80C07D 231/56C07D 333/56C07D 217/16A61P 17/00C07D 333/70C07D 495/04A61P 13/10C07D 215/14C07D 471/04A61P 17/06A61P 13/08A61P 17/02
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Claims

Abstract

The present invention is directed to compounds represented by Structural Formula I and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates and hydrates thereof: The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions, methods of use and methods of making compounds represented by Structural Formula I and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates and hydrates thereof.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
1 . A compound represented by the following structural formula:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate and hydrate thereof, wherein:  
         R is H, F, Cl, Br, I, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, C 2 -C 3  alkenyl, C 2 -C 3  haloalkenyl, C 2 -C 3  alkynyl, C 2 -C 3  haloalkynyl, and C 1 -C 3  alkoxy, wherein said alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, and alkoxy groups may be optionally substituted;  
         R 1  and R 2  are each, independently, H, a halo, a C 1 -C 10  alkyl a C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl, a C 5 -C 10  cycloalkenyl, a 6 to 10 membered aryl, a 5 to 10 membered heteroaryl, an aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, or an amino group represented by the formula NR 14 R 15 , wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl and arylalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more halo, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl or C 1 -C 3  alkoxy; or  
         R 1  and R 2  taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a five or six membered carbocyclic ring which is optionally substituted with one or more halo or C 1 -C 6  alkyl groups; or  
         R and R 1  taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form an aryl, a heteroaryl, a C 5 -C 8  cycloalkyl or C 5 -C 8  cycloalkenyl ring wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and cyclolkenyl are optionally substituted with one or more halo, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl or C 1 -C 3  alkoxy substituents; and  
         R 3  is H, a halo, a C 1 -C 10  alkyl, a C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl, C 5 -C 10  cycloalkenyl, a 6 to 10 membered aryl, a 5 to 10 membered heteroaryl, an aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl or an amino group represented by the formula NR 14 R 15 , wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl and arylalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more halo, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl or C 1 -C 3  alkoxy;  
         R 4  is H, a halo, an aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, a C 1 -C 10  alkyl or a C 1 -C 10  alkoxy group wherein the arylalkyl, alkyl and alkoxy groups are optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from halo, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, a C 1 -C 6  alkoxy, an amino group represented by the formula NR 14 R 15 ; or  
         R 3  and R 4  taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form an aryl, an heteroaryl, a C 5 -C 8  cycloalkyl or C 5 -C 8  cycloalkenyl ring wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and cycloalkenyl are optionally substituted with one or more halo, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl or C 1 -C 3  alkoxy substituents; and  
         R 5  is H, a halo, or a C 1 -C 3  alkyl group which is optionally substituted with one or more halo;  
         R 6  is H or halo;  
         R 14  and R 15  are each, independently, H, a C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or taken together with the nitrogen they are attached to can form a 5 to 8 membered heterocycle;  
         R 16  is OR 17 , OCH(R 17 )OC(O)R 18 , —NR 19 R 20 , or an aminoalkyl;  
         R 17 , R 18  and R 20  are each, independently, H or a C 1 -C 6  alkyl;  
         R 18  is a C 1 -C 6  alkyl;  
         ring A is:  
         
           
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
         
         a benzo[b]thiophenyl, optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from a halo, a C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or a C 1 -C 6  alkoxy,  
         wherein:  
       
     
     
         2 . (canceled)  
     
     
         3 . The compound of  claim 1 , wherein ring A is selected from the group consisting of:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein:  
         the symbol   indicates a single bond connecting ring A to the phenyl group; and  
         the symbol “[” indicates a single bond connecting ring A to the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group.  
       
     
     
         4 . The compound of  claim 1 , wherein R 4  is a C 2 -C 5  alkoxy group which is optionally substituted with one or more fluoro.  
     
     
         5 . The compound of  claim 1 , wherein R 5  is methyl and R 6  is H.  
     
     
         6 . The compound of  claim 1 , wherein R 5  is methyl and R 6  is fluoro.  
     
     
         7 . The compound of  claim 1 , wherein: 
 R 1  and R 3  are both isopropyl; and    R 2  is H.    
     
     
         8 . The compound of  claim 1 , wherein: 
 R 1  and R 3  are both t-butyl; and    R 2  is H.    
     
     
         9 - 11 . (canceled)  
     
     
         12 . The compound of  claim 1 , wherein the compound is represented by the following structural formula:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate and hydrate thereof, wherein:  
         R 1 ′ and R 3 ′ are each, independently, H, a halo, a C 1 -C 10  alkyl, a C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl, a C 5 -C 10  cycloalkenyl, a 6 to 10 membered aryl, a 5 to 10 membered heteroaryl, an aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, or an amino group represented by the formula NR 14 R 15 , wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl and arylalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more halo, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, or C 1 -C 3  alkoxy;  
         R 4 ′ is H, a halo, an aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, a C 1 -C 10  alkyl or a C 1 -C 10  alkoxy group wherein the arylalkyl, alkyl and alkoxy groups are optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from halo, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, a C 1 -C 6  alkoxy, an amino group represented by the formula NR 14 R 15 ;  
         each R 9  is, independently, a halo or a C 1 -C 6  alkyl group;  
         R 10  is H, a halo or a C 1 -C 6  alkyl group; and  
         m is 0, 1, 2 or 3.  
       
     
     
         13 . The compound of  claim 12 , wherein: 
 R 1  and R 3  are the same and are isopropyl or t-butyl; and    R 5  is methyl.    
     
     
         14 . The compound of  claim 13 , wherein R 4  is a C 2 -C 5  alkoxy which is optionally substituted with one or more fluoro.  
     
     
         15 - 17 . (canceled)  
     
     
         18 . A compound selected from the group consisting of: 
 ethyl-2-carboxylate-7-(2-ethoxy-3,5-diisopropylbenzene)-benzo[b]thiophene;    2-carboxy-4-(2-propoxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-benzo[b]thiophene;    3-{4-[2-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}-but-2-enoic acid;    (E)-3-[4-(2-propoxy-3,5-di-iso-propylphenyl)-benzo[b]thien-2-yl]-but-2-enoic acid;    (E)-3-[4-(2-ethoxy-3,5-di-iso-propylphenyl)-benzo[b]thien-2-yl]-but-2-enoic acid;    (E)-3-[4-(2-n-butoxy-3,5-di-iso-propylphenyl)-benzo[b]thien-2-yl]-but-2-enoic acid;    (E)-3-[4-(2-n-butoxy-3,5-di-iso-propylphenyl)-5-fluorobenzo[b]thien-2-yl]-but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 2-fluoro-3-[4-(2-n-propoxy-3,5-di-iso-propylphenyl)-benzo[b]thien-2-yl]-prop-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-[4-(2-propyloxy-3,5-di-iso-propylphenyl)benzo[b]thien-2-yl]prop-2-enoic acid;    3-{4-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-3,5-di-iso-propylphenyl]benzo[b]thien-2-yl}-but-2-enoic acid;    3-{4-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-3-tert-butyl-5-methylphenyl]benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-3-tert-butyl-5-ethylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(3-fluoropropoxy)-3-tert-butyl-5-ethylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)-3-(adamant-1-yl)-5-methylphenyl]benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(3,3-difluoropropoxy)-3-tert-butyl-5-ethylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)-3-propyl-5-tert-butylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(3,3-difluoropropoxy)-3-propyl-5-phenylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-[4-(2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-3-phenyl-5-methylphenyl]-benzo[b]thienyl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(2-methylpropoxy)-3-tert-butyl-5-ethylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4-tert-butylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-[4-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-6-tert-butylindan-4-yl)-benzo[b]thien-2-yl]but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-[4-(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-benzo[b]thien-2-yl]but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[3,5-di-iso-propyl-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl]-5-fluoro-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(3-methylbutoxy)-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(3,3,3-difluoropropoxy)-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(2-methylpropoxy)-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-benzo[b]thien-2-yl]but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-3,5-di-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-phenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)-3,5-di-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)phenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(3-fluoropropoxy)-3,5-di-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)phenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(3-methylbutoxy)-3,5-di-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)phenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(3,3-difluoropropoxy)-3,5-di-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-phenyl]-benzo[b]thiophene]but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)-3,5-di-(dimethylphenylmethyl)phenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)-3-tert-butyl-5-phenylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl]but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{5-[2-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)-3-phenyl-5-tert-butylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    3-[3-(2-butoxy-3,5-di-iso-propylphenyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]-but-2-enoic acid;    3-{3-[2-(3-fluoropropoxy)-3,5-di-iso-propylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-5-yl}-but-2-enoic acid;    3-[3-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-iso-propylphenyl)-benzo[b]thien-5-yl]-but-2-enoic acid;    3-[3-(3,5-di-iso-propyl-2-methoxyphenyl)-benzo[b]thien-5-yl]-but-2-enoic acid; and 
 a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate and hydrate thereof.  
   
     
     
         19 . A pharmaceutical composition, comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and at least one compound represented by the following structural formula:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate and hydrate thereof, wherein:  
         R is H, F, Cl, Br, I, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, C 2 -C 3  alkenyl, C 2 -C 3  haloalkenyl, C 2 -C 3  alkynyl, C 2 -C 3  haloalkynyl, and C 1 -C 3  alkoxy, wherein said alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, and alkoxy groups may be optionally substituted;  
         R 1  and R 2  are each, independently, H, a halo, a C 1 -C 10  alkyl, a C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl, a C 5 -C 10  cycloalkenyl, a 6 to 10 membered aryl, a 5 to 10 membered heteroaryl, an aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, or an amino group represented by the formula NR 14 R 15 , wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl and arylalkyl are optionally substituted within one or more halo, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl or C 1 -C 3  alkoxy; or  
         R 1  and R 2  taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a five or six membered carbocyclic ring which is optionally substituted with one or more halo or C 1 -C 6  alkyl groups; or  
         R and R 1  taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form an aryl, a heteroaryl, a C 5 -C 8  cycloalkyl or C 5 -C 8  cycloalkenyl ring wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and cyclolkenyl are optionally substituted with one or more halo, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl or C 1 -C 3  alkoxy substituents; and  
         R 3  is H, a halo, a C 1 -C 10  alkyl, a C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl, C 5 -C 10  cycloalkenyl, a 6 to 10 membered aryl, a 5 to 10 membered heteroaryl, an aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl or an amino group represented by the formula NR 14 R 15 , wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl and arylalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more halo, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl or C 1 -C 3  alkoxy;  
         R 4  is H, a halo, an aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, a C 1 -C 10  alkyl or a C 1 -C 10  alkoxy group wherein the arylalkyl, alkyl and alkoxy groups are optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from halo, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, a C 1 -C 6  alkoxy, an amino group represented by the formula NR 14 R 15 ; or  
         R 3  and R 4  taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form an aryl, an heteroaryl, a C 5 -C 8  cycloalkyl or C 5 -C 8  cycloalkenyl ring wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and cycloalkenyl are optionally substituted with one or more halo, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl or C 1 -C 3  alkoxy substituents; and  
         R 5  is H, a halo, or a C 1 -C 3  alkyl group which is optionally substituted with one or more halo;  
         R 6  is H or halo;  
         R 14  and R 15  are each, independently, H, a C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or taken together with the nitrogen they are attached to can form a 5 to 8 membered heterocycle;  
         R 16  is OR 17 , OCH(R 17 )OC(O)R 18 , —NR 19 R 20 , or an aminoalkyl;  
         R 17 , R 19  and R 20  are each, independently, H or a C 1 -C 6  alkyl;  
         R 18  is a C 1 -C 6  alkyl;  
         ring A is  
         
           
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
         
         a benzo[b]thiophenyl, optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from a halo, a C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or a C 1 -C 6  alkoxy.  
       
     
     
         20 - 67 . (canceled)  
     
     
         68 . A method for increasing HDL cholesterol levels and reducing triglyceride levels in a mammal comprising administering to said mammal a pharmaceutically effective amount of at least one compound represented by the following structural formula:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or hydrate thereof, wherein: 
 R is H, F, Cl, Br, I, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, C 2 -C 3  alkenyl, C 2 -C 3  haloalkenyl, C 2 -C 3  alkynyl, C 2 -C 3  haloalkynyl, and C 1 -C 3  alkoxy, wherein said alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, and alkoxy groups may be optionally substituted;  
 R 1  and R 2  are each, independently, H, a halo, a C 1 -C 10  alkyl, a C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl, a C 5 -C 10  cycloalkenyl, a 6 to 10 membered aryl, a 5 to 10 membered heteroaryl, an aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, or an amino group represented by the formula NR 14 R 15 , wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl and arylalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more halo, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl or C 1 -C 3  alkoxy; or  
 R 1  and R 2  taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a five or six membered carbocyclic ring which is optionally substituted with one or more halo or C 1 -C 6  alkyl groups; or  
 R and R 1  taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form an aryl, a heteroaryl, a C 5 -C 8  cycloalkyl or C 5 -C 8  cycloalkenyl ring wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and cyclolkenyl are optionally substituted with one or more halo, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl or C 1 -C 3  alkoxy substituents; and  
 R 3  is H, a halo, a C 1 -C 10  alkyl, a C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl, C 5 -C 10  cycloalkenyl, a 6 to 10 membered aryl, a 5 to 10 membered heteroaryl, an aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl or an amino group represented by the formula NR 14 R 15 , wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl and arylalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more halo, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl or C 1 -C 3  alkoxy;  
 R 4  is H, a halo, an aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, a C 1 -C 10  alkyl or a C 1 -C 10  alkoxy group wherein the arylalkyl, alkyl and alkoxy groups are optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from halo, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, a C 1 -C 6  alkoxy, an amino group represented by the formula NR 14 R 15 ; or  
 R 3  and R 4  taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form an aryl, an heteroaryl, a C 5 -C 8  cycloalkyl or C 5 -C 8  cycloalkenyl ring wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and cycloalkenyl are optionally substituted with one or more halo, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl or C 1 -C 3  alkoxy substituents; and  
 R 5  is H, a halo, or a C 1 -C 3  alkyl group which is optionally substituted with one or more halo;  
 R 6  is H or halo;  
 R 14  and R 15  are each, independently, H, a C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or taken together with the nitrogen they are attached to can form a 5 to 8 membered heterocycle;  
 R 16  is OR 17 , OCH(R 17 )OC(O)R 18 , —NR 19 R 20 , or an aminoalkyl;  
 R 17 , R 19  and R 20  are each, independently, H or a C 1 -C 6  alkyl;  
 R 18  is a C 1 -C 6  alkyl;  
 ring A is  
                     
 a benzo[b]thiophenyl, optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from a halo, a C 1 -C 6  alkyl or a C 1 -C 6  alkoxy.  
 
     
     
         69 . The method of  claim 68 , further comprising the step of administering to said mammal a PPARγ agonist.  
     
     
         70 . The method of  claim 68 , wherein R 4  is a C 2 -C 5  alkoxy group which is optionally substituted with one or more fluoro.  
     
     
         71 - 73 . (canceled)  
     
     
         74 . The method of  claim 68 , wherein the compound is represented by the following structural formula:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate and hydrate thereof, wherein:  
         R 1 ′ and R 3 ′ are each, independently, H, a halo, a C 1 -C 10  alkyl, a C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl, a C 5 -C 10  cycloalkenyl, a 6 to 10 membered aryl, a 5 to 10 membered heteroaryl, an aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, or an amino group represented by the formula NR 14 R 15 , wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl and arylalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more halo, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, or C 1 -C 3  alkoxy;  
         R 4 ′ is H, a halo, an aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, a C 1 -C 10  alkyl or a C 1 -C 10  alkoxy group wherein the arylalkyl, alkyl and alkoxy groups are optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from halo, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, a C 1 -C 6  alkoxy, an amino group represented by the formula NR 14 R 15 ;  
         each R 9  is, independently, a halo or a C 1 -C 6  alkyl group;  
         R 10  is H, a halo or a C 1 -C 6  alkyl group; and  
         m is 0, 1, 2 or 3.  
       
     
     
         75 . The method of  claim 74 , wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of: 
 ethyl-2-carboxylate-7-(2-ethoxy-3,5-di-iso-propylbenzene)-benzo[b]thiophene;    3-[7-(2-ethoxy-3,5-di-iso-propylphenyl)-benzo[b]thien-2-yl]-but-2-enoic acid;    2-carboxy-4-(2-propoxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-benzo[b]thiophene;    (E)-3-[4-(2-propoxy-3,5-di-iso-propylphenyl)-benzo[b]thien-2-yl]-but-2-enoic acid;    (E)-3-[4-(2-ethoxy-3,5-di-iso-propylphenyl)-benzo[b]thien-2-yl]-but-2-enoic acid;    (E)-3-[4-(2-n-butoxy-3,5-di-iso-propylphenyl)-benzo[b]thien-2-yl]-but-2-enoic acid;    (E)-3-[4-(2-n-butoxy-3,5-di-iso-propylphenyl)-5-fluorobenzo[b]thien-2-yl]-but-2-enoic acid;    2-fluoro-3-[4-(3,5-di-iso-propyl-2-propyloxyphenyl)benzo[b]thien-2-yl]but-2-enoic acid    3-[4-(3,5-di-iso-propyl-2-propyloxyphenyl)-benzo[b]thien-2-yl]but-2-enoic acid;    3-{4-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-3,5-di-iso-propylphenyl]benzo[b]thien-2-yl}-but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 2-{4-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyloxy)-3-tert-butyl-5-methylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyloxy)-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyloxy)-3-tert-butyl-5-ethylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(3-fluoropropyloxy)-3-tert-butyl-5-ethylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(2,2-difluoroethyloxy)-3-(adamant-1-yl)-5-methylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(3,3-difluoropropyloxy)-3-tert-butyl-5-ethylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(2,2-difluoroethyloxy)-3-propyl-5-tert-butylphenyl]benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(3,3-difluoropropyloxy)-3-propyl-5-phenylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyloxy)-3-phenyl-5-methylbenzene]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(2-methylpropyloxy)-3-tert-butyl-5-ethylphenyl]benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyloxy)-4-tert-butylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid; and 
 a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate and hydrate thereof.  
   
     
     
         76 - 86 . (canceled)  
     
     
         87 . A method for lowering blood glucose levels without altering serum triglyceride levels in a mammal comprising administering to said mammal a pharmaceutically effective amount of at least one compound represented by the following structural formula:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or hydrate thereof, wherein: 
 R is H, F, Cl, Br, I, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, C 2 -C 3  alkenyl, C 2 -C 3  haloalkenyl, C 2 -C 3  alkynyl, C 2 -C 3  haloalkynyl, and C 1 -C 3  alkoxy, wherein said alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, and alkoxy groups may be optionally substituted;  
 R 1  and R 2  are each, independently, H, a halo, a C 1 -C 10  alkyl, a C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl, a C 5 -C 10  cycloalkenyl, a 6 to 10 membered aryl, a 5 to 10 membered heteroaryl, an aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, or an amino group represented by the formula NR 14 R 15 , wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl and arylalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more halo, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl or C 1 -C 3  alkoxy; or  
 R 1  and R 2  taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a five or six membered carbocyclic ring which is optionally substituted with one or more halo or C 1 -C 6  alkyl groups; or  
 R and R 1  taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form an aryl, a heteroaryl, a C 5 -C 8  cycloalkyl or C 5 -C 8  cycloalkenyl ring wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and cyclolkenyl are optionally substituted with one or more halo, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl or C 1 -C 3  alkoxy substituents; and  
 R 3  is H, a halo, a C 1 -C 10  alkyl, a C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl, C 5 -C 10  cycloalkenyl, a 6 to 10 membered aryl, a 5 to 10 membered heteroaryl, an aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl or an amino group represented by the formula NR 14 R 15 , wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl and arylalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more halo, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl or C 1 -C 3  alkoxy;  
 R 4  is H, a halo, an aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, a C 1 -C 10  alkyl or a C 1 -C 10  alkoxy group wherein the arylalkyl, alkyl and alkoxy groups are optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from halo, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, a C 1 -C 6  alkoxy, an amino group represented by the formula NR 14 R 15 ; or  
 R 3  and R 4  taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form an aryl, an heteroaryl, a C 5 -C 8  cycloalkyl or C 5 -C 8  cycloalkenyl ring wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and cycloalkenyl are optionally substituted with one or more halo, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl or C 1 -C 3  alkoxy substituents; and  
 R 5  is H, a halo, or a C 1 -C 3  alkyl group which is optionally substituted with one or more halo;  
 R 6  is H or halo;  
 R 14  and R 15  are each, independently, H, a C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or taken together with the nitrogen they are attached to can form a 5 to 8 membered heterocycle;  
 R 16  is OR 17 , OCH(R 17 )OC(O)R 18 , —NR 19 R 20 , or an aminoalkyl;  
 R 17 , R 18  and R 20  are each, independently, H or a C 1 -C 6  alkyl;  
 R 18  is a C 1 -C 6  alkyl;  
 ring A is  
                     
 a benzo[b]thiophenyl, optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from a halo, a C_—C 6  alkyl, or a C 1 -C 6  alkoxy.  
 
     
     
         88 . The method of  claim 87 , wherein R 4  is a C 2 -C 5  alkoxy group which is optionally substituted with one or more fluoro.  
     
     
         89 - 91 . (canceled)  
     
     
         92 . The method of  claim 87 , wherein the compound is represented by the following structural formula:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or hydrate thereof, wherein: 
 R 1 ′ and R 3 ′ are each, independently, H, a halo, a C 1 -C 10  alkyl, a C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl, a C 5 -C 10  cycloalkenyl, a 6 to 10 membered aryl, a 5 to 10 membered heteroaryl, an aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, or an amino group represented by the formula NR 14 R 15 , wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl and arylalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more halo, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, or C 1 -C 3  alkoxy;  
 R 4 ′ is H, a halo, an aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, a C 1 -C 10  alkyl or a C 1 -C 10  alkoxy group wherein the arylalkyl, alkyl and alkoxy groups are optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from halo, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl C 1 -C 6  alkoxy, an amino group represented by the formula NR 14 R 15 ;  
 each R 9  is, independently, a halo or a C 1 -C 6  alkyl group;  
 R 10  is H, a halo or a C 1 -C 6  alkyl group; and  
 m is 0, 1, 2 or 3.  
 
     
     
         93 . The method of  claim 92 , wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of: 
 ethyl-2-carboxylate-7-(2-ethoxy-3,5-di-iso-propylbenzene)-benzo[b]thiophene;    3-[7-(2-ethoxy-3,5-di-iso-propylphenyl)-benzo[b]thien-2-yl]-but-2-enoic acid;    2-carboxy-4-(2-propoxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-benzo[b]thiophene;    (E)-3-[4-(2-propoxy-3,5-di-iso-propylphenyl)-benzo[b]thien-2-yl]-but-2-enoic acid;    (E)-3-[4-(2-ethoxy-3,5-di-iso-propylphenyl)-benzo[b]thien-2-yl]-but-2-enoic acid;    (E)-3-[4-(2-n-butoxy-3,5-di-iso-propylphenyl)-benzo[b]thien-2-yl]-but-2-enoic acid;    (E)-3-[4-(2-n-butoxy-3,5-di-iso-propylphenyl)-5-fluorobenzo[b]thien-2-yl]-but-2-enoic acid;    2-fluoro-3-[4-(3,5-di-iso-propyl-2-propyloxyphenyl)benzo[b]thien-2-yl]but-2-enoic acid    3-[4-(3,5-di-iso-propyl-2-propyloxyphenyl)-benzo[b]thien-2-yl]but-2-enoic acid;    3-{4-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-3,5-di-iso-propylphenyl]benzo[b]thien-2-yl}-but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 2-{4-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyloxy)-3-tert-butyl-5-methylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyloxy)-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyloxy)-3-tert-butyl-5-ethylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(3-fluoropropyloxy)-3-tert-butyl-5-ethylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(2,2-difluoroethyloxy)-3-(adamant-1-yl)-5-methylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(3,3-difluoropropyloxy)-3-tert-butyl-5-ethylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(2,2-difluoroethyloxy)-3-propyl-5-tert-butylphenyl]benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(3,3-difluoropropyloxy)-3-propyl-5-phenylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyloxy)-3-phenyl-5-methylbenzene]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(2-methylpropyloxy)-3-tert-butyl-5-ethylphenyl]benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyloxy)-4-tert-butylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid; and 
 a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate and hydrate thereof.  
   
     
     
         94 - 95 . (canceled)  
     
     
         96 . A method treating or preventing a disease or condition selected from the group consisting of syndrome X, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, cancer, photoaging, acne, psoriasis, obesity, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, uterine leiomyomata, inflamatory disease, neurodegenerative diseases, wounds and baldness in a mammal comprising administering to said mammal a pharmaceutically effective amount of at least one compound represented by the following structural formula:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or hydrate thereof, wherein: 
 R is H, F, Cl, Br, I, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, C 2 -C 3  alkenyl, C 2 -C 3  haloalkenyl, C 2 -C 3  alkynyl, C 2 -C 3  haloalkynyl, and C 1 -C 3  alkoxy, wherein said alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, and alkoxy groups may be optionally substituted;  
 R 1  and R 2  are each, independently, H, a halo, a C 1 -C 10  alkyl, a C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl, a C 5 -C 10  cycloalkenyl, a 6 to 10 membered aryl, a 5 to 10 membered heteroaryl, an aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, or an amino group represented by the formula NR 14 R 15 , wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl and arylalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more halo, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl or C 1 -C 3  alkoxy; or  
 R 1  and R 2  taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a five or six membered carbocyclic ring which is optionally substituted with one or more halo or C 1 -C 6  alkyl groups; or  
 R and R 1  taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form an aryl, a heteroaryl, a C 5 -C 8  cycloalkyl or C 5 -C 8  cycloalkenyl ring wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and cyclolkenyl are optionally substituted with one or more halo, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl or C 1 -C 3  alkoxy substituents; and  
 R 3  is H, a halo, a C 1 -C 10  alkyl, a C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl, C 5 -C 10  cycloalkenyl, a 6 to 10 membered aryl, a 5 to 10 membered heteroaryl, an aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl or an amino group represented by the formula NR 14 R 15 , wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl and arylalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more halo, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl or C 1 -C 3  alkoxy;  
 R 4  is H, a halo, an aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, a C 1 -C 10  alkyl or a C 1 -C 10  alkoxy group wherein the arylalkyl, alkyl and alkoxy groups are optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from halo, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, a C 1 -C 6  alkoxy, an amino group represented by the formula NR 14 R 15 ; or  
 R 3  and R 4  taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form an aryl, an heteroaryl, a C 5 -C 8  cycloalkyl or C 5 -C 8  cycloakenyl ring wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and cycloalkenyl are optionally substituted with one or more halo, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl or C 1 -C 3  alkoxy substituents; and  
 R 5  is H, a halo, or a C 1 -C 3  alkyl group which is optionally substituted with one or more halo;  
 R 6  is H or halo;  
 R 14  and R 15  are each, independently, H, a C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or taken together with the nitrogen they are attached to can form a 5 to 8 membered heterocycle;  
 R 16  is OR 17 , OCH(R 17 )OC(O)R 18 , —NR 19 R 20 , or an aminoalkyl;  
 R 17 , R 19  and R 20  are each, independently, H or a C 1 -C 6  alkyl;  
 R 18  is a C 1 -C 6  alkyl;  
 ring A is  
                     
 a benzo[b]thiophenyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from a halo, a C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or a C 1 -C 6  alkoxy.  
 
     
     
         97 . The method of  claim 96 , wherein R 4  is a C 2 -C 5  alkoxy group which is optionally substituted with one or more fluoro.  
     
     
         98 - 100 . (canceled)  
     
     
         101 . The method of  claim 96 , wherein the compound is represented by the following structural formula:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or hydrate thereof, wherein: 
 R 1 ′ and R 3 ′ are each, independently, H, a halo, a C 1 -C 10  alkyl, a C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl, a C 5 -C 10  cycloalkenyl, a 6 to 10 membered aryl, a 5 to 10 membered heteroaryl, an aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, or an amino group represented by the formula NR 14 R 15 , wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl and arylalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more halo, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3  haloalkyl, or C 1 -C 3  alkoxy;  
 R 4 ′ is H, a halo, an aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, a C 1 -C 10  alkyl or a C 1 -C 10  alkoxy group wherein the arylalkyl, alkyl and alkoxy groups are optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from halo, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, a C 1 -C 6  alkoxy, an amino group represented by the formula NR 14 R 15 ;  
 each R 9  is, independently, a halo or a C 1 -C 6  alkyl group;  
 R 10  is H, a halo or a C 1 -C 6  alkyl group; and  
 m is 0, 1, 2 or 3.  
 
     
     
         102 . The method of  claim 101 , wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of: 
 ethyl-2-carboxylate-7-(2-ethoxy-3,5-di-iso-propylbenzene)-benzo[b]thiophene;    3-[7-(2-ethoxy-3,5-di-iso-propylphenyl)-benzo[b]thien-2-yl]-but-2-enoic acid;    2-carboxy-4-(2-propoxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-benzo[b]thiophene;    (E)-3-[4-(2-propoxy-3,5-di-iso-propylphenyl)-benzo[b]thien-2-yl]-but-2-enoic acid;    (E)-3-[4-(2-ethoxy-3,5-di-iso-propylphenyl)-benzo[b]thien-2-yl]-but-2-enoic acid;    (E)-3-[4-(2-n-butoxy-3,5-di-iso-propylphenyl)-benzo[b]thien-2-yl]-but-2-enoic acid;    (E)-3-[4-(2-n-butoxy-3,5-di-iso-propylphenyl)-5-fluorobenzo[b]thien-2-yl]-but-2-enoic acid;    2-fluoro-3-[4-(3,5-di-iso-propyl-2-propyloxyphenyl)benzo[b]thien-2-yl]but-2-enoic acid    3-[4-(3,5-di-iso-propyl-2-propyloxyphenyl)-benzo[b]thien-2-yl]but-2-enoic acid;    3-{4-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-3,5-di-iso-propylphenyl]benzo[b]thien-2-yl}-but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 2-{4-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyloxy)-3-tert-butyl-5-methylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyloxy)-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyloxy)-3-tert-butyl-5-ethylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(3-fluoropropyloxy)-3-tert-butyl-5-ethylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(2,2-difluoroethyloxy)-3-(adamant-1-yl)-5-methylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(3,3-difluoropropyloxy)-3-tert-butyl-5-ethylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(2,2-difluoroethyloxy)-3-propyl-5-tert-butylphenyl]benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(3,3-difluoropropyloxy)-3-propyl-5-phenylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyloxy)-3-phenyl-5-methylbenzene]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(2-methylpropyloxy)-3-tert-butyl-5-ethylphenyl]benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid;    (E) 3-{4-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyloxy)-4-tert-butylphenyl]-benzo[b]thien-2-yl}but-2-enoic acid; and 
 a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate and hydrate thereof.  
   
     
     
         103 - 112 . (canceled)

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