Composite Hybrid Panel, or Building Element for Combined Heating, Cooling, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning

Abstract

An invention of composite, hybrid radiant/forced and natural convection, integrated, sandwiched, multi-role panel ( 1 ) optimally integrates heating, cooling, ventilating, air-conditioning, thermo-electric effect, energy recovery, and energy storage functions at very moderate operating temperatures such that it can directly utilize renewable and waste energy resources having very low energy. The composite hybrid panel or building element ( 1 ) having a diffuser layer ( 2 ) that is thermally conductive, a porous layer ( 3 ) providing uniform air diffusion, a thermal insulation layer ( 4 ) simply attached or embedded or integrated to a building wall ceiling, floor or stands alone for indoor space partitioning purposes.

1 . A composite, multi-layered, sandwiched, hybrid total heat and mass transfer panel or building element that are all encased together to form a totally enclosed conduit, that can deliver both actively, or passively and independently controlled all three possible components of heat transfer in air-conditioning, namely radiant, forced-convection and natural-convection by the panel itself in either indoor heating or cooling modes, which may have latent or sensible cooling components, whereas this panel may be functional as a total, stand-alone HVAC system (heating, ventilating and air-conditioning) or functional in any other applications, any of which may require a variable split of thermal radiation, forced-convection and natural-convection heat transfer, ventilation and air-conditioning, characterized by comprising a front cover, a porous layer, which provides a more uniform air diffusion and also acts as a medium of thermal storage, wherein said panel has a ventilation, a combined forced and natural convection heating and cooling, a thermal radiation heating and cooling, and air-conditioning functions all of which may co-exist or any one of them or some of them in any combination or ratio may be actively or passively adjusted and delivered to exist at any time of operation, depending upon the optimum operating conditions required and indoor functions in demand. 
   
   
       2 . The composite hybrid heat and mass transfer panel or building element of  claim 1  further comprising heating and or cooling elements in the form of liquid circulating (hydronic pipes), and or electric cables and or thermo-electric effect wires. 
   
   
       3 . The composite hybrid heat and mass transfer panel or building element of  claim 1  further comprising a thermally conductive diffuser layer, which is a thermal storage medium and also makes the airflow and temperature distribution on the panel surface more uniform. 
   
   
       4 . The composite hybrid heat and mass transfer panel or building element of  claim 3  wherein said diffuser layer is composed of stainless steel wool from metal scrap or other recycling materials in order to further improve the thermal and temperature distribution. 
   
   
       5 . The composite hybrid heat and mass transfer panel or building element of  claim 1 , further comprising a thermal insulator layer having fire resistant properties that is attachable to a building wall, ceiling or floor or usable as an indoor partition. 
   
   
       6 . The composite hybrid heat and mass transfer panel or building element of  claim 1  wherein said porous layer is composed of glued wood chips and/or auto tires or other recycled materials. 
   
   
       7 . The composite hybrid heat and mass transfer panel or building element of  claim 1  further comprising an electrostatic, ionic, plasma and HEPA air filter and/or UV lamps. 
   
   
       8 . The composite hybrid heat and mass transfer panel of  claim 1  that can be directly embedded in to a green building and environment system comprising an energy supply including at least one of wind turbines (WT), solar photovoltaic arrays, and solar hot water panels, and comprising ground source heat pumps (GSHP), a thermal energy storage medium (TES), and a heat transferring liquid circuit,
 wherein said GSHP provides heat (in winter) from or rejects heat (in summer) to the ground and seasonal energy storage, and activates said sensible cooler by absorption,   wherein said TES reduces the peak values of thermal loads and the green energy demand, said energy supply delivering additional heat, and wherein said hydronic circuit conditions ventilation air, and provides energy to said composite hybrid panel tubing.   
   
   
       9 . The composite hybrid heat and mass transfer panel or building element of  claim 8  wherein said pane comprises at least one heating clement directly transferring heat from/to the ground by use of the heat pipes. 
   
   
       10 . The composite hybrid heat and mass transfer panel or building element of  claim 1 , wherein said porous layer, said front cover, and a thermal insulator layer establish a passive panel. 
   
   
       11 . The composite hybrid heat and mass transfer panel or building element of  claim 1 , wherein said porous layer, a thermal insulator layer, and an air diffuser layer establish an active panel. 
   
   
       12 . Two composite hybrid heat and mass transfer panels of  claim 1 , wherein said porous layer, and an air diffuser layer are arranged back to back without a thermal insulator layer to establish a stand-alone two directional active panel system for indoor partitioning, wherein both or any of the composite hybrid panels comprise LED or similar lighting elements on the panel surface and/or electric power and/or electronic data transfer lines and/or bus bars. 
   
   
       13 . A method for using the composite hybrid heat and mass transfer panel or building element of  claim 1 , wherein said porous layer and a thermal insulator layer establish a passive panel and said porous layer, a thermal insulator layer and an air diffuser layer establish an active panel, the method comprising the steps of: placing said passive panel at an opposite facing side of said active panel so as to provide a continuously breathing system such that said passive panel inhales and said active panel exhales during operation. 
   
   
       14 . A method for using the composite hybrid panel or building element of  claim 13  comprising the steps of ionizing air in a controlled manner on said active panel, and collecting pollutants on said passive panel. 
   
   
       15 . The method for using composite hybrid panel or building elements of  claim 13 , wherein the indoor air pressure is adjusted in a controlled manner.