Novel polypeptide

Abstract

This invention relates to a novel polypeptide having an α1,3-fucosyltransferase activity, a method for producing the polypeptide, a DNA encoding the polypeptide, a method for producing the DNA, a recombinant vector obtained by inserting the DNA thereinto, a transformant having the recombinant vector, an antibody recognizing the polypeptide, a method for determining or immunostaining the polypeptide of the present invention using the antibody, a method for producing a fucose-containing sugar chain using the polypeptide or the transformant, a method for screening a substance that changes the expression of a gene encoding the polypeptide, a method for screening a substance that changes the activity of the polypeptide, and a method for diagnosing diseases such as encephalopathy, renal diseases and cancers.

1 - 18 . (canceled)  
     
     
         19 . A method for producing a reaction product wherein fucose is added to a glucose residue in a lactose structure of an acceptor substrate via an α1,3-linkage, using an enzyme source selected from the group consisting of: 
 (i) a polypeptide having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an α2,3-sialyl N-acetyllactosamine (NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage,    (ii) a polypeptide comprising SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2,    (iii) a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues 56 to 359 of SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2, and    (iv) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 60% homology to the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of (ii) or (iii), and having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetyglucosamine residue in a Gal β1-4GlcNAc structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to the NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNac structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage,    which comprises the steps of:    placing in an aqueous medium (A) said enzyme source, (B) an acceptor substrate selected from (a) lactose (Galβ1-4Glc), (b) oligosaccharides having a lactose structure in a nonreducing terminus thereof, (c) complex carbohydrates having a lactose structure in a nonreducing terminus of sugar chains, (d) their derivatives wherein a lactose structure is modified by sulfate group, and (e) their derivatives wherein a lactose structure is modified by sugar(s), but a galactose residue in the lactose structure is not modified by sialic acid via an α2,3-linkage, and (C) guanosine-5′-diphosphate fucose;    producing and accumulating the reaction product, in said aqueous medium; and    collecting said reaction product from said aqueous medium.    
     
     
         20 . The method for producing the reaction product according to claims  19  or  51 , wherein a derivative is selected from sugar chains having, in a nonreducing terminus thereof, any one of the following oligosaccharide structures: Galα1-3Galβ1-4Glc, Galα1-3(Fucα1-2)Galβ1-4Glc, GalNAcα1-3(Fucα1-2)Galβ1-4Glc, Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glc, Galβ1-4Glc(6SO 3   − ); and complex carbohydrates containing said sugar chains.  
     
     
         21 . A method for producing a sugar chain having a structure wherein fucose is added to an N-acetylglucosamine residue or a glucose residue via an α1,3-linkage, or a complex carbohydrate containing said sugar chain, which comprises the steps of: 
 culturing in a medium a transformant;    utilizing said transformant to produce and accumulate the sugar chain or the complex carbohydrate in said medium; and    collecting said sugar chain or said complex carbohydrate from said medium.    wherein the transformant is a microorganism, animal cell, plant cell or insect cell harboring a recombinant DNA vector comprising: 
 (a) DNA encoding a polypeptide comprising SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2,  
 (b) DNA encoding a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues 56 to 359 of SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2,  
 (c) a DNA comprising nucleotides 280 to 1194 of SEQ ID NO: 3.  
 (d) a DNA comprising nucleotides 115 to 1194 of SEQ ID NO: 3.  
 (e) a DNA comprising nucleotides 1454 to 2368 of SEQ ID NO: 4.  
 (f) a DNA comprising nucleotides 1289 to 2368 of SEQ ID NO: 4.  
 (g) a DNA comprising nucleotides 460 to 1374 of SEQ ID NO: 5.  
 (h) a DNA comprising nucleotides 295 to 1374 of SEQ ID NO:5, and  
 (i) a DNA hybridizing with any of (a)-(h) at 60° C. in the presence of 0.7-1.0 m NaCl followed by washing at 65° C. with 0.1-2.0×SSC, and which encodes a polypeptide having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3 linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to an α2,3-sialyl N-acetyllactosamine (NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage.  
   
     
     
         22 . A method for producing a sugar chain having structure wherein fucose is added to an N-acetylglucosamine residue or a glucose residue via an α1,3-linkage, or a complex carbohydrate containing said sugar chain, which comprises the steps of: 
 feeding a nonhuman transgenic animal;    producing and accumulating the sugar chain or the complex carbohydrate in the non-human transgenic animal; and    collecting said sugar chain or said complex carbohydrate from said non-human transgenic animal.    wherein the transformant is a microorganism, animal cell, plant cell or insect cell harboring a recombined DNA vector comprising: 
 (a) DNA encoding a polypeptide comprising SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2,  
 (b) DNA encoding a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues 56 to 359 of SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2,  
 (c) a DNA comprising nucleotides 280 to 1194 of SEQ ID NO: 3,  
 (d) a DNA comprising nucleotides 115 to 1194 of SEQ ID NO: 3,  
 (e) a DNA comprising nucleotides 1454 to 2368 of SEQ ID NO: 4,  
 (f) a DNA comprising nucleotides 1289 to 2368 of SEQ ID NO: 4,  
 (g) a DNA comprising nucleotides 460 to 1374 of SEQ ID NO: 5,  
 (h) a DNA comprising nucleotides 295 to 1374 of SEQ ID NO:5, and  
 (i) a DNA hybridizing with any of (a)-(h) at 60° C. in the presence of 0.7-1.0 m NaCl followed by washing at 65° C. with 0.1-2.0×SSC, and which encodes a polypeptide having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3 linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to an α2,3-sialyl N-acetyllactosamine (NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage.  
   
     
     
         23 . A method for producing a sugar chain having a structure wherein fucose is added to an N-acetylglucosamine residue or a glucose residue via an α1,3-linkage, or a complex carbohydrate containing said sugar chain, which comprises the steps of: 
 growing a transgenic plant;    producing and accumulating the sugar chain or the complex carbohydrate in said transgenic plant; and    collecting said sugar chain or said complex carbohydrate from said transgenic plant.    wherein the transformant is a microorganism, animal cell, plant cell or insect cell harboring a recombined DNA vector comprising: 
 (a) DNA encoding a polypeptide comprising SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2,  
 (b) DNA encoding a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues 56 to 359 of SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2,  
 (c) a DNA comprising nucleotides 280 to 1194 of SEQ ID NO:  
 (d) a DNA comprising nucleotides 115 to 1194 of a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3,  
 (e) a DNA comprising nucleotides 1454 to 2368 of SEQ ID NO: 4,  
 (f) a DNA comprising nucleotides 1289 to 2368 of SEQ ID NO:  
 (g) a DNA comprising nucleotides 460 to 1374 of SEQ ID NO:  
 (h) a DNA comprising nucleotides 295 to 1374 of SEQ ID NO:5, and  
 (i) a DNA hybridizing with any of (a)-(h) at 60° C. in the presence of 0.7-1.0 m NaCl followed by washing at 65° C. with 0.1-2.0×SSC, and which encodes a polypeptide having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3 linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to an α2,3-sialyl N-acetyllactosamine (NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage.  
   
     
     
         24 . (canceled)  
     
     
         25 . The method for producing the sugar chain or the complex carbohydrate according to  claim 22 , wherein the generation and accumulation of said sugar chain or said complex carbohydrate is carried out in the milk of said non-human transgenic animal.  
     
     
         26 . A method for determining the expression level of a gene encoding a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of: 
 (i) a polypeptide having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an α2,3-sialyl N-acetyllactosamine (NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage,    (ii) a polypeptide comprising SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2,    (iii) a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues 56 to 359 of SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2, and    (iv) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 60% homology to the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of (ii) or (iii), and having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetyglucosamine residue in a Galβ1-4GlcNAc structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to the NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNac structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage,    by hybridization using DNA encoding the polypeptide.    
     
     
         27 . An oligonucleotide selected from the following oligonucleotides: an oligonucleotide having an identical sequence to 10 to 50 contiguous nucleotides in a nucleotide sequence of DNA selected from the group consisting of: 
 (i) DNA encoding a polypeptide having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an α2,3-sialyl N-acetyllactosamine (NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage,    (ii) DNA encoding a polypeptide comprising SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2.    (iii) DNA encoding a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues 56 to 359 of SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2, and    (iv) DNA encoding a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 60% homology to the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of (ii) or (iii), and having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetyglucosamine residue in a Galβ1-4GlcNAc structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to the NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNac structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage,    (v) SEQ ID NO: 3,    (vi) SEQ ID NO: 4,    (vii) SEQ ID NO: 5, and    (iix) an oligonucleotide having a complementary sequence to said oligonucleotide and a derivative of each of said oligonucleotides.    
     
     
         28 . The oligonucleotide according to  claim 27 , wherein said oligonucleotide derivative is selected from the following oligonucleotide derivatives: an oligonucleotide derivative obtained by converting a phosphodiester bond into a phosphorothioate bond in an oligonucleotide; an oligonucleotide derivative obtained by converting a phosphodiester bond into a N3′-P5′ phosphoamidate bond in an oligonucleotide; an oligonucleotide derivative obtained by converting a ribose and phosphodiester bond into a peptide-nucleic-acid bond in an oligonucleotide; an oligonucleotide derivative obtained by substituting uracil with C-5 propynyl uracil in an oligonucleotide; an oligonucleotide derivative obtained by substituting uracil with C-5 thiazolyl uracil in an oligonucleotide; an oligonucleotide derivative obtained by substituting cytosine with C-5 propynylcytosine in an oligonucleotide; an oligonucleotide derivative obtained by substituting cytosine with phenoxazine-modified cytosine in an oligonucleotide; an oligonucleotide derivative obtained by substituting ribose with 2′-O-propylribose in a DNA; and an oligonucleotide derivative obtained by substituting ribose with 2′-methoxyethoxyribose in the oligonucleotide.  
     
     
         29 . A method for determining the expression level of a gene encoding a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of: 
 (i) a polypeptide having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an α2,3-sialyl N-acetyllactosamine (NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage,    (ii) a polypeptide comprising SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2,    (iii) a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues 56 to 359 of SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2, and    (iv) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 60% homology to the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of (ii) or (iii), and having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetyglucosamine residue in a Galβ1-4GlcNAc structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to the NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4 GlcNac structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage,    by polymerase chain reaction, using an oligonucleotide selected from the group consisting of an oligonucleotide having an identical sequence to 10 to 50 contiguous nucleotides of DNA encoding any of (i)-(iv), SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, and an oligonucleotide having a complementary sequence to said oligonucleotide and a derivative of each of said oligonucleotides.    
     
     
         30 . A method for detecting encephalopathy, renal diseases and cancers, using the method according to  claim 26 .  
     
     
         31 . A method for suppressing the transcription of a DNA encoding a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of: 
 (i) a polypeptide having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an α2,3-sialyl N-acetyllactosamine (NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage,    (ii) polypeptide comprising SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2,    (iii) polypeptide comprising amino acid residues 56 to 359 of SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2, and    (iii) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 60% homology to the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of (ii) or (iii), and having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetyglucosamine residue in a Galβ1-4GlcNAc structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to the NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4 GlcNac structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage,    using a DNA selected from the group consisting of a DNA encoding the polypeptide, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, and SEQ ID NO: 5.    
     
     
         32 . A method for suppressing the translation of an mRNA encoding a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of: 
 (i) a polypeptide having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an α2,3-sialyl N-acetyllactosamine (NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage,    (ii) a polypeptide comprising SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2,    (iii) a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues 56 to 359 of SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2, and    (iv) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 60% homology to the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of (ii) or (iii), and having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetyglucosamine residue in a Galβ1-4GlcNAc structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to the NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNac structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage,    using a DNA selected from the group consisting of a DNA encoding the polypeptide, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, and SEQ ID NO: 5.    
     
     
         33 . A method for suppressing the transcription of a DNA encoding the polypeptide selected from the group consisting of: 
 (i) a polypeptide having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an α2,3-sialyl N-acetyllactosamine (NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage,    (ii) a polypeptide comprising SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2,    (iii) a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues 56 to 359 of SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2, and    (iv) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 60% homology to the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of (ii) or (iii), and having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetyglucosamine residue in a Galβ1-4GlcNAc structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to the NeuAc a 2-3Galβ1-4 GlcNac structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an a 1,3-linkage,    using an oligonucleotide selected from the group consisting of an oligonucleotide having an identical sequence to 10 to 50 contiguous nucleotides in a nucleotide sequence of DNA encoding the polypeptide of any of (i)-(iv), SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, and an oligonucleotide having a complementary sequence to said oligonucleotide and a derivative of each of said oligonucleotides.    
     
     
         34 . A method for suppressing the translation of an mRNA encoding the polypeptide selected from the group consisting of: 
 (i) a polypeptide having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an α2,3-sialyl N-acetyllactosamine (NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage,    (ii) a polypeptide comprising SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2,    (iii) a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues 56 to 359 of SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2, and    (iv) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 60% homology to the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of (ii) or (iii), and having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetyglucosamine residue in a Galβ1-4GlcNAc structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to the NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4 GlcNac structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an a 1,3-linkage,    using an oligonucleotide selected from the group consisting of an oligonucleotide having an identical sequence to 10 to 50 contiguous of DNA encoding any of (i)-(iv); SEQ ID NO: 3; SEQ ID NO: 4; SEQ ID NO: 5; and an oligonucleotide having a complementary sequence to said oligonucleotide and a derivative of each of said oligonucleotides.    
     
     
         35 . An antibody recognizing a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of: 
 (i) a polypeptide having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an α2,3-sialyl N-acetyllactosamine (NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage,    (ii) a polypeptide comprising SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2,    (iii) a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues 56 to 359 of SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2, and    (iv) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 60% homology to the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of (ii) or (iii), and having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetyglucosamine residue in a Galβ1-4GlcNAc structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to the NeuAc a 2-3 Galβ1-4 GlcNac structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an a 1,3-linkage.    
     
     
         36 . An immunoassay which detects a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of: 
 (i) a polypeptide having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an α2,3-sialyl N-acetyllactosamine (DNeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage,    (ii) a polypeptide comprising SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2,    (iii) a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues 56 to 359 of SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2, and    (iv) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 60% homology to the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of (ii) or (iii), and having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetyglucosamine residue in a Galβ1-4GlcNAc structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to the NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4 GlcNac structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage    using said antibody according to  claim 35 .    
     
     
         37 . An immunohistological staining method which detects a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of: 
 (i) a polypeptide having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an α2,3-sialyl N-acetyllactosamine (NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage,    (ii) a polypeptide comprising SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2,    (iii) a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues 56 to 359 of SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2, and    (iv) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 60% homology to the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of (ii) or (iii), and having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetyglucosamine residue in a Galβ1-4GlcNAc structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to the NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4 GlcNac structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage using said antibody according to  claim 35 .    
     
     
         38 . A reagent for immunohistological staining which contains the antibody of  claim 35 .  
     
     
         39 . An agent for diagnosing encephalopathy, renal diseases and cancers, which contains the antibody of  claim 35 .  
     
     
         40 . A method for screening a substance that changes the activity of a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of: 
 (i) a polypeptide having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an α2,3-sialyl N-acetyllactosamine (NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage,    (ii) a polypeptide comprising SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2,    (iii) a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues 56 to 359 of SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2, and    (iv) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 60% homology to the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of (ii) or (iii), and having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetyglucosamine residue in a Galβ1-4GlcNAc structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to the NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNac structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage,    which comprises contacting said polypeptide with test samples.    
     
     
         41 . A method for screening a substance that changes the expression of a gene encoding a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of: 
 (i) a polypeptide having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an α2,3-sialyl N-acetyllactosamine (NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage,    (ii) a polypeptide comprising SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2,    (iii) a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues 56 to 359 of SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2, and    (iv) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 60% homology to the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of (ii) or (iii), and having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetyglucosamine residue in a Galβ1-4GlcNAc structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to the NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4 GlcNac structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage,    which comprises the steps of:    contacting a cell expressing said polypeptide with test samples, and    measuring the amount of the Lewis x or Lewis y sugar chain using an anti-Lewis x or anti-Lewis y antibody.    
     
     
         42 . A method for screening a substance that changes the expression of a gene encoding a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of: 
 (i) a polypeptide having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an α2,3-sialyl N-acetyllactosamine (NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage,    (ii) a polypeptide comprising SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2,    (iii) a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues 56 to 359 of SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2, and    (iv) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 60% homology to the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of (ii) or (iii), and having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetyglucosamine residue in a Galβ1-4GlcNAc structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage any one of claims  1 ,  2 ,  3  and  51 , but not having an activity to transfer fucose to the NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNac structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage,    which comprises the steps of:    contacting a cell expressing said polypeptide with test samples, and    measuring the amount of said polypeptide using an antibody recognizing said polypeptide.    
     
     
         43 . A promoter DNA for the transcription of a gene encoding a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of: 
 (i) a polypeptide having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an α2,3-sialyl N-acetyllactosamine (NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage,    (ii) a polypeptide comprising SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2,    (iii) a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues 56 to 359 of SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2, and    (iv) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 60% homology to the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of (ii) or (iii), and having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetyglucosamine residue in a Galβ1-4GlcNAc structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to the NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4 GlcNac structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage.    
     
     
         44 . The promoter DNA according to  claim 43  which functions in a cell selected from the group consisting of neurons, kidney cells, gastric epithelium cells, leukocyte cells, cerebral tumor cells, neuroblastoma cells, melanoma cells, renal cancer cells, stomach cancer cells, colon cancer cells, and pancreatic cancer cells.  
     
     
         45 . The promoter DNA according to  claim 43  which is derived from human or mouse.  
     
     
         46 . A method for screening a substance that changes the efficiency of transcription by a promoter DNA according to  claim 43 , which comprises the steps of: 
 transforming an animal cell with a plasmid comprising the promoter DNA and a reporter gene ligated downstream of said promoter DNA;    contacting transformant with a test sample; and    measuring the amount of the translation product of said reporter gene.    
     
     
         47 . The screening method according to  claim 46 , wherein the reporter gene is a gene selected from the group consisting of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase genes, β-galactosidase genes, luciferase genes and green fluorescent protein genes.  
     
     
         48 . A non-human knockout animal wherein a DNA encoding the polypeptide selected from the group consisting of: 
 (i) a polypeptide having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an α2,3-sialyl N-acetyllactosamine (NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage,    (ii) a polypeptide comprising SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2,    (iii) a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues 56 to 359 of SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2, and    (iv) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 60% homology to the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of (ii) or (iii), and having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetyglucosamine residue in a Galβ1-4GlcNAc structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to the NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNac structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage,    is deleted or mutated.    
     
     
         49 . The non-human knockout animal according to  claim 48 , wherein the non-human knockout animal is a mouse.  
     
     
         50 . A method for treating renal diseases or cancers using a method according to  claim 31 .  
     
     
         51 . The method according to  claim 19 , wherein the activity of transferring fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in the Galβ1-4GlcNAc structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage is the Lewis x sugar chain [Galβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc] and the Lewis y sugar chain [Fucα1-2Galβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc] synthesizing activity, and the activity of transferring fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in the NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage is the sialyl Lewis x sugar chain [NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc] synthesizing activity.  
     
     
         52 . The production method according to  claim 19 , wherein the complex carbohydrate is selected from the group consisting of glycoproteins, glycolipids, proteoglycans, glycopeptides, lipopolysaccharides, peptideglycans and glycosides wherein a sugar chain binds to steroids.  
     
     
         53 . The production method according to  claim 20 , wherein the complex carbohydrate is selected from the group consisting of glycoproteins, glycolipids, proteoglycans, glycopeptides, lipopolysaccharides, peptideglycans and glycosides wherein a sugar chain binds to steroids.  
     
     
         54 . The production method according to  claim 21 , wherein the complex carbohydrate is selected from the group consisting of glycoproteins, glycolipids, proteoglycans, glycopeptides, lipopolysaccharides, peptideglycans and glycosides wherein a sugar chain binds to steroids.  
     
     
         55 . The production method according to  claim 22 , wherein the complex carbohydrate is selected from the group consisting of glycoproteins, glycolipids, proteoglycans, glycopeptides, lipopolysaccharides, peptideglycans and glycosides wherein a sugar chain binds to steroids.  
     
     
         56 . The production method according to  claim 23 , wherein the complex carbohydrate is selected from the group consisting of glycoproteins, glycolipids, proteoglycans, glycopeptides, lipopolysaccharides, peptideglycans and glycosides wherein a sugar chain binds to steroids.  
     
     
         57 . A method for determining the expression level of a gene encoding a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of: 
 (i) a polypeptide having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an α2,3-sialyl N-acetyllactosamine (NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage,    (ii) a polypeptide comprising SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2,    (iii) a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues 56 to 359 of SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2, and    (iv) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 60% homology to the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of (ii) or (iii), and having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetyglucosamine residue in a Galβ1-4GlcNAc structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to the NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNac structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage,    by polymerase chain reaction, using an oligonucleotide selected from the group consisting of an oligonucleotide having an identical sequence to 10 to 50 contiguous nucleotides in a DNA encoding any of (i)-(iv), SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, and an oligonucleotide having a complementary sequence to said oligonucleotide and a derivative of each of said oligonucleotides,    wherein said oligonucleotide derivative is selected from the following oligonucleotide derivatives: an oligonucleotide derivative obtained by converting a phosphodiester bond into a phosphorothioate bond in an oligonucleotide; an oligonucleotide derivative obtained by converting a phosphodiester bond into a N3′-P5′ phosphoamidate bond in an oligonucleotide; an oligonucleotide derivative obtained by converting a ribose and phosphodiester bond into a peptide-nucleic-acid bond in an oligonucleotide; an oligonucleotide derivative obtained by substituting uracil with C-5 propynyl uracil in an oligonucleotide; an oligonucleotide derivative obtained by substituting uracil with C-5 thiazolyl uracil in an oligonucleotide; an oligonucleotide derivative obtained by substituting cytosine with C-5 propynylcytosine in an oligonucleotide; an oligonucleotide derivative obtained by substituting cytosine with phenoxazine-modified cytosine in an oligonucleotide; an oligonucleotide derivative obtained by substituting ribose with 2′-O-propylribose in a DNA; and an oligonucleotide derivative obtained by substituting ribose with 2′-methoxyethoxyribose in the oligonucleotide.    
     
     
         58 . A method for suppressing the transcription of a DNA encoding the polypeptide selected from the group consisting of: 
 (i) a polypeptide having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an α2,3-sialyl N-acetyllactosamine (NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage,    (ii) a polypeptide comprising SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2,    (iii) a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues 56 to 359 of SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2, and    (iv) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 60% homology to the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of (ii) or (iii), and having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetyglucosamine residue in a Galβ1-4GlcNAc structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to the NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNac structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage,    using an oligonucleotide selected from the group consisting of an oligonucleotide having an identical sequence to 10 to 50 contiguous nucleotides in a DNA encoding the polypeptide according to any one of claims  1 ,  2 ,  3  and  51 , SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, and an oligonucleotide having a complementary sequence to said oligonucleotide and a derivative of each of said oligonucleotides,    wherein said oligonucleotide derivative is selected from the following oligonucleotide derivatives: an oligonucleotide derivative obtained by converting a phosphodiester bond into a phosphorothioate bond in an oligonucleotide; an oligonucleotide derivative obtained by converting a phosphodiester bond into a N3′-P5′ phosphoamidate bond in an oligonucleotide; an oligonucleotide derivative obtained by converting a ribose and phosphodiester bond into a peptide-nucleic-acid bond in an oligonucleotide; an oligonucleotide derivative obtained by substituting uracil with C-5 propynyl uracil in an oligonucleotide; an oligonucleotide derivative obtained by substituting uracil with C-5 thiazolyl uracil in an oligonucleotide; an oligonucleotide derivative obtained by substituting cytosine with C-5 propynylcytosine in an oligonucleotide; an oligonucleotide derivative obtained by substituting cytosine with phenoxazine-modified cytosine in an oligonucleotide; an oligonucleotide derivative obtained by substituting ribose with 2′-O-propylribose in a DNA; and an oligonucleotide derivative obtained by substituting ribose with 2′-methoxyethoxyribose in the oligonucleotide.    
     
     
         59 . A method for suppressing the translation of an mRNA encoding a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of: 
 (i) a polypeptide having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in an α2,3-sialyl N-acetyllactosamine (NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc) structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage,    (ii) a polypeptide comprising SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2,    (iii) a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues 56 to 359 of SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2, and    (iv) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 60% homology to the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of (ii) or (iii), and having an activity to transfer fucose to an N-acetyglucosamine residue in a Galβ1-4GlcNAc structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage, but not having an activity to transfer fucose to the NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNac structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage,    using an oligonucleotide selected from the group consisting of an oligonucleotide having an identical sequence to 10 to 50 contiguous nucleotides of DNA encoding any of (i)-(iv), SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, and an oligonucleotide having a complementary sequence to said oligonucleotide and a derivative of each of said oligonucleotides,    wherein said oligonucleotide derivative is selected from the following oligonucleotide derivatives: an oligonucleotide derivative obtained by converting a phosphodiester bond into a phosphorothioate bond in an oligonucleotide; an oligonucleotide derivative obtained by converting a phosphodiester bond into a N3′-P5′ phosphoamidate bond in an oligonucleotide; an oligonucleotide derivative obtained by converting a ribose and phosphodiester bond into a peptide-nucleic-acid bond in an oligonucleotide; an oligonucleotide derivative obtained by substituting uracil with C-5 propynyl uracil in an oligonucleotide; an oligonucleotide derivative obtained by substituting uracil with C-5 thiazolyl uracil in an oligonucleotide; an oligonucleotide derivative obtained by substituting cytosine with C-5 propynylcytosine in an oligonucleotide; an oligonucleotide derivative obtained by substituting cytosine with phenoxazine-modified cytosine in an oligonucleotide; an oligonucleotide derivative obtained by substituting ribose with 2′-O-propylribose in a DNA; and an oligonucleotide derivative obtained by substituting ribose with 2′-methoxyethoxyribose in the oligonucleotide.    
     
     
         60 . The promoter DNA according to  claim 44  which is derived from human or mouse.  
     
     
         61 . A method for screening a substance that changes the efficiency of transcription by a promoter DNA according to  claim 44 , which comprises the steps of: 
 transforming an animal cell with a plasmid comprising the promoter DNA and a reporter gene ligated downstream of said promoter DNA;    contacting transformant with a test sample; and    measuring the amount of the translation product of said reporter gene.    
     
     
         62 . A method for screening a substance that changes the efficiency of transcription by a promoter DNA according to  claim 45 , which comprises the steps of: 
 transforming an animal cell with a plasmid comprising the promoter DNA and a reporter gene ligated downstream of said promoter DNA;    contacting transformant with a test sample; and    measuring the amount of the translation product of said reporter gene.    
     
     
         63 . A method for screening a substance that changes the efficiency of transcription by a promoter DNA according to  claim 60 , which comprises the steps of: 
 transforming an animal cell with a plasmid comprising the promoter DNA and a reporter gene ligated downstream of said promoter DNA;    contacting transformant with a test sample; and    measuring the amount of the translation product of said reporter gene.    
     
     
         64 . The screening method according to  claim 61 , wherein the reporter gene is a gene selected from the group consisting of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase genes, β-galactosidase genes, luciferase genes and green fluorescent protein genes.  
     
     
         65 . The screening method according to  claim 62 , wherein the reporter gene is a gene selected from the group consisting of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase genes, β-galactosidase genes, luciferase genes and green fluorescent protein genes.  
     
     
         66 . The screening method according to  claim 63 , wherein the reporter gene is a gene selected from the group consisting of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase genes, β-galactosidase genes, luciferase genes and green fluorescent protein genes.  
     
     
         67 . A method for treating renal diseases or cancers using a method according to  claim 32 .  
     
     
         68 . A method for treating renal diseases or cancers using a method according to  claim 33 .  
     
     
         69 . A method for treating renal diseases or cancers using a method according to  claim 58 .  
     
     
         70 . A method for treating renal diseases or cancers using a method according to  claim 34 .  
     
     
         71 . A method for treating renal diseases or cancers using a method according to  claim 59 .  
     
     
         72 . A method for detecting encephalopathy, renal diseases and cancers, using the method according to  claim 29 .  
     
     
         73 . A method for detecting encephalopathy, renal diseases and cancers, using the method according to  claim 57 .  
     
     
         74 . The method according to  claim 21 , wherein said recombinant DNA is plasmid pAMo-mFT9 or plasmid pBS-hFT9(S2).  
     
     
         75 . The method according to  claim 22 , wherein said recombinant DNA is plasmid pAMo-mFT9 or plasmid pBS-hFT9(S2).  
     
     
         76 . The method according to  claim 23 , wherein said recombinant DNA is plasmid pAMo-mFT9 or plasmid pBS-hFT9(S2).  
     
     
         77 . The method according to  claim 21 , wherein the activity of transferring fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in the Galβ1-4GlcNAc structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage is the Lewis x sugar chain [Galβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc] and the Lewis y sugar chain [Fucα1-2Galβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc] synthesizing activity, and the activity of transferring fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in the NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage is the sialyl Lewis x sugar chain [NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc] synthesizing activity.  
     
     
         78 . The method according to  claim 22 , wherein the activity of transferring fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in the Galβ1-4GlcNAc structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage is the Lewis x sugar chain [Galβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc] and the Lewis y sugar chain [Fucα1-2Galβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc] synthesizing activity, and the activity of transferring fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in the NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage is the sialyl Lewis x sugar chain [NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc] synthesizing activity.  
     
     
         69 . The method according to  claim 23 , wherein the activity of transferring fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in the Galβ1-4GlcNAc structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage is the Lewis x sugar chain [Galβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc] and the Lewis y sugar chain [Fucα1-2Galβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc] synthesizing activity, and the activity of transferring fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue in the NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc structure existing in a nonreducing terminus of a sugar chain via an α1,3-linkage is the sialyl Lewis x sugar chain [NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc] synthesizing activity.