Method for the production of hyperbranched water-soluble polyesters

Abstract

Process for preparing essentially uncrosslinked hyperbranched, water-soluble or water-dispersible polyesters from dicarboxylic acids and polyether polyols having at least 3 OH groups. Water-soluble hyperbranched polyesters which are obtainable by such a process and their use for producing printing inks, adhesives, coatings, paints and varnishes.

1 . A process for preparing essentially uncrosslinked hyperbranched, water-soluble or water-dispersible polyesters by reacting 
 at least one dicarboxylic acid or a dicarboxylic acid derivative (A) with at least one polyether polyol (B) having n OH groups, where n is ≧3, at from 40° C. to 160° C. in the presence of an esterification catalyst, where the components (A) and (B) are used in such amounts that the molar ratio of OH groups to COOH groups is from 2:1 to 1:2.    
     
     
         2 . A process as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein n is 3, 4, 5 or 6.  
     
     
         3 . A process as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein n is 3 or 4.  
     
     
         4 . A process as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of OH groups to COOH groups is from 1.8:1 to 1:1.8.  
     
     
         5 . A process as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of OH groups to COOH groups is from 1.5:1 to 1:1.5.  
     
     
         6 . A process as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the reaction is carried out under reduced pressure.  
     
     
         7 . A process as claimed in  claim 6 , wherein the pressure is less than 500 mbar.  
     
     
         8 . A process as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the polyether polyol having at least 30H groups is obtainable by ethoxylation and/or propoxylation of a molecule having at least 3 acidic H atoms.  
     
     
         9 . A process as claimed in  claim 8 , wherein an ethoxylation is carried out.  
     
     
         10 . A process as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein a diol is additionally used as chain extender (V) in an amount of not more than 40 mol % based on the amount of polyether polyols used.  
     
     
         11 . A process as claimed in  claim 10 , wherein the amount of the chain extender (V) is not more than 20 mol %.  
     
     
         12 . A process as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein a monofunctional carboxylic acid or a monofunctional alcohol is additionally used as chain stopper (S) in an amount of not more than 10 mol % based on the amount of polyether polyols (B) or dicarboxylic acids (A) used.  
     
     
         13 . A process as claimed in  claim 12 , wherein the amount of the chain stopper (S) is not more than 5 mol %.  
     
     
         14 . A process as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the hyperbranched, water-soluble or water-dispersible polyester obtained is reacted in an additional process step with a suitable functionalization reagent (F) which can react with the OH and/or COOH end groups of the polyester.  
     
     
         15 . A process as claimed in  claim 14 , wherein the functionalization reagent (F) comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of aliphatic and aromatic monocarboxylic acids and their derivatives, aliphatic and aromatic unsaturated monocarboxylic acids and their derivatives, aliphatic and aromatic monoalcohols, aliphatic and aromatic unsaturated monoalcohols, aliphatic and aromatic monoamines, aliphatic and aromatic unsaturated monoamines, aromatic and aliphatic monoisocyanates, aliphatic and aromatic unsaturated monoisocyanates, compounds containing carbodiimide groups and compounds containing epoxide groups.  
     
     
         16 . A process as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the esterification catalyst is an enzyme and the polymerization is carried out at from 40° C. to 120° C. in the presence of a solvent.  
     
     
         17 . A process as claimed in  claim 16 , wherein the polymerization is carried out at from 50° C. to 80° C.  
     
     
         18 . A process as claimed in  claim 16 , wherein the enzyme is a lipase or an esterase.  
     
     
         19 . A process as claimed in  claim 18 , wherein the enzyme is  Candida antarctica  lipase B.  
     
     
         20 . A process as claimed in  claim 16 , wherein the enzyme is used in immobilized form.  
     
     
         21 . A process as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the esterification catalyst is an acidic inorganic, organometallic or organic catalyst.  
     
     
         22 . A process as claimed in  claim 21 , wherein the reaction is carried out at from 60° C. to 160° C.  
     
     
         23 . A process as claimed in  claim 22 , wherein the reaction is carried out at from 80° C. to 150° C.  
     
     
         24 . A process as claimed in  claim 21 , wherein the reaction is carried out at a pressure of not more than 100 mbar.  
     
     
         25 . A water-soluble or water-dispersible, hyperbranched polyester obtainable by a process as claimed in  claim 1 .  
     
     
         26 . A water-soluble or water-dispersible, hyperbranched polyester which has a hydroxyl number of 50-1000 mg KOH/g, an acid number of 0-200 mg KOH/g, a number average molecular weight M n  of 300-15 000 g/mol and a polydispersity M w /M n  of 1.1-50 and is obtainable by a process as claimed in  claim 1 .  
     
     
         27 . A water-soluble or water-dispersible, hyperbranched polyester as claimed in  claim 26  which has a hydroxyl number of 100-800 mg KOH/g, an acid number of 1-100 mg KOH/g, a number average molecular weight M n  of 500-8000 g/mol and a polydispersity M w /M n  of 1.2-20.  
     
     
         28 . The use of a water-soluble or water-dispersible hyperbranched polyester as claimed in  claim 25  for preparing polyaddition or polycondensation polymers.  
     
     
         29 . The use of a water-soluble or water-dispersible hyperbranched polyester as claimed in  claim 25  for producing printing inks, adhesives, coatings, paints and varnishes.