Hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant compositions and uses thereof

Abstract

Disclosed herein are hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant or heat transfer fluid compositions that are useful in refrigerain or air conditioning apparatus or as heat transfer fluids. The compositions of the present invention are also useful in centrifugal compressor apparatus that employ two-stage compressors or single slab.single pass heat exchangers.

1 . A refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition suitable for use in refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus employing a multi-stage centrifugal compressor, or a single slab/single pass heat exchanger, consisting of a compound selected from group consisting of: 
 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane;    1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane;    1,1,3-trifluoropropane;    1,1,3-trifluoropropane;    1,3-difluoropropane;    2-(difluoromethyl)-1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane;    1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octafluorobutane;    1,1,1,2,2,4-hexafluorobutane;    1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane;    1,1-difluorobutane;    1,3-difluoro-2-methylpropane;    1,2-difluoro-2-methylpropane;    1,2-difluorobutane;    1,3-difluorobutane;    1,4-difluorobutane;    2,3-difluorobutane;    1,1,1,2,3,3,4,4-octafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)butane;    1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-undecafluoropentane;    1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane;    1,1,1,2,2,3,3,5,5,5-decafluoropentane;    1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)butane;    1,1,1-trifluoropentane;    1,1,1-trifluoro-3-methylbutane;    1,1-difluoropentane;    1,2-difluoropentane;    2,2-difluoropentane;    1,1,1-trifluorohexane;    1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-tridecafluorohexane;    1,1,1,2,2,5,5,5-octafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pentane;    1,1,2,2-tetrafluorocyclobutane; 
 and combinations thereof.  
   
     
     
         2 . A refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition suitable for use in refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus employing a multi-stage centrifugal compressor, or a single slab/single pass heat exchanger, consisting of a compound selected from group consisting of: 
 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane;    1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane;    1,1,3-trifluoropropane;    1,1,3-trifluoropropane;    1,3-difluoropropane;    2-(difluoromethyl)-1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane;    1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octafluorobutane;    1,1,1,2,2,4-hexafluorobutane;    1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane;    1,1-difluorobutane;    1,3-difluoro-2-methylpropane;    1,2-difluoro-2-methylpropane;    1,2-difluorobutane;    1,3-difluorobutane;    1,4-difluorobutane;    2,3-difluorobutane;    1,1,1,2,3,3,4,4-octafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)butane;    1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-undecafluoropentane;    1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane;    1,1,1,2,2,3,3,5,5,5-decafluoropentane;    1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)butane;    1,1,1-trifluoropentane;    1,1,1-trifluoro-3-methylbutane;    1,1-difluoropentane;    1,2-difluoropentane;    2,2-difluoropentane;    1,1,1-trifluorohexane;    1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-tridecafluorohexane;    1,1,1,2,2,5,5,5-octafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pentane and    1,1,2,2-tetrafluorocyclobutane, and 
 at least one ultra-violet fluorescent dye selected from the group consisting of naphthalimides, perylenes, coumarins, anthracenes, phenanthracenes, xanthenes, thioxanthenes, naphthoxanthenes, fluoresceins, derivatives of said dye, and combinations thereof  
   
     
     
         3 . A refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition suitable for use in refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus employing a multi-stage centrifugal compressor, or a single slab/single pass heat exchanger, consisting of a compound selected from group consisting of: 
 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane;    1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane;    1,1,3-trifluoropropane;    1,1,3-trifluoropropane;    1,3-difluoropropane;    2-(difluoromethyl)-1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane;    1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octafluorobutane;    1,1,1,2,2,4-hexafluorobutane;    1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane;    1,1-difluorobutane;    1,3-difluoro-2-methylpropane;    1,2-difluoro-2-methylpropane;    1,2-difluorobutane;    1,3-difluorobutane;    1,4-difluorobutane;    2,3-difluorobutane;    1,1,1,2,3,3,4,4-octafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)butane;    1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-undecafluoropentane;    1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane;    1,1,1,2,2,3,3,5,5,5-decafluoropentane;    1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)butane;    1,1,1-trifluoropentane;    1,1,1-trifluoro-3-methylbutane;    1,1-difluoropentane;    1,2-difluoropentane;    2,2-difluoropentane;    1,1,1-trifluorohexane;    1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-tridecafluorohexane;    1,1,1,2,2,5,5,5-octafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pentane and    1,1,2,2-tetrafluorocyclobutane, 
 at least one ultra-violet fluorescent dye selected from the group consisting of naphthalimides, perylenes, coumarins, anthracenes, phenanthracenes, xanthenes, thioxanthenes, naphthoxanthenes, fluoresceins, derivatives of said dye, and combinations thereof, and  
 at least one solubilizing agent selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon ethers, polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, ketones, nitriles, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers, and 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes; wherein the refrigerant and solubilizing agent are not the same compound.  
   
     
     
         4 . A method of using the composition of  claim 1 , said method comprising producing heat or refrigeration in a refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus wherein said method comprises compressing said composition in a multi-stage stage centrifugal compressor.  
     
     
         5 . A process for producing refrigeration, said process comprising evaporating the composition of  claim 1  in the vicinity of a body to be cooled, and thereafter condensing said composition.  
     
     
         6 . A process for producing heat, said process comprising condensing the composition of  claim 1  in the vicinity of a body to be heated, and thereafter evaporating said composition.  
     
     
         7 . A method of using the compositions of  claim 1  for heat transfer, said method comprising transferring said composition from a heat source to a heat sink.  
     
     
         8 . The composition of  claim 3 , wherein said solubilizing agent is selected from the group consisting of: 
 a) polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers represented by the formula R 1 [(OR 2 ) x OR 3 ] y , wherein: x is an integer from 1 to 3; y is an integer from 1 to 4; R 1  is selected from hydrogen and aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and y bonding sites; R 2  is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbylene radicals having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms; R 3  is selected from hydrogen, and aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; at least one of R 1  and R 3  is selected from said hydrocarbon radicals; and wherein said polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers have a molecular weight of from about 100 to about 300 atomic mass units;    b) amides represented by the formulae R 1 CONR 2 R 3  and cyclo-[R 4 CON(R 5 )—], wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3  and R 5  are independently selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and at most one aromatic radical having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; R 4  is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbylene radicals having from 3 to 12 carbon atoms; and wherein said amides have a molecular weight of from about 100 to about 300 atomic mass units;    c) ketones represented by the formula R 1 COR 2 , wherein R 1  and R 2  are independently selected from aliphatic, alicyclic and aryl hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and wherein said ketones have a molecular weight of from about 70 to about 300 atomic mass units;    d) nitriles represented by the formula R 1 CN, wherein R 1  is selected from aliphatic, alicyclic or aryl hydrocarbon radicals having from 5 to 12 carbon atoms, and wherein said nitriles have a molecular weight of from about 90 to about 200 atomic mass units;    e) chlorocarbons represented by the formula RCl x  wherein; x is selected from the integers 1 or 2; R is selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and wherein said chlorocarbons have a molecular weight of from about 100 to about 200 atomic mass units;    f) aryl ethers represented by the formula R 1 OR 2 , wherein: R 1  is selected from aryl hydrocarbon radicals having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; R 2  is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and wherein said aryl ethers have a molecular weight of from about 100 to about 150 atomic mass units;    g) 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes represented by the formula CF 3 R 1 , wherein R 1  is selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from about 5 to about 15 carbon atoms;    i) fluoroethers represented by the formula R 1 OCF 2 CF 2 H, wherein R 1  is selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from about 5 to about 15 carbon atoms; and    j) lactones represented by structures [B], [C], and [D]:                           wherein, R 1  through R 8  are independently selected from hydrogen, linear, branched, cyclic, bicyclic, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbyl radicals; and the molecular weight is from about 100 to about 300 atomic mass units; and    k) esters represented by the general formula R 1 CO 2 R 2 , wherein R 1  and R 2  are independently selected from linear and cyclic, saturated and unsaturated, alkyl and aryl radicals; and wherein said esters have a molecular weight of from about 80 to about 550 atomic mass units.    
     
     
         9 . A method for using the composition of  claim 3 , said method comprising, (a) introducing the composition into a compression refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus by (i) dissolving the ultraviolet fluorescent dye in the refrigerant composition of heat transfer fluid in the presence of the solubilizing agent, and introducing the combination into said compression refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus or (ii), combining solubilizing agent and UV fluorescent dye and introducing said combination into refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus containing refrigerant and/or heat transfer fluid.  
     
     
         10 . A method for using the composition of  claim 3  in a compression refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus, said method comprising providing said composition to said apparatus, and providing a suitable means for detecting said composition in the vicinity of said apparatus.  
     
     
         11 . A method of using the composition of  claim 3  said method comprising: 
 (i) producing refrigeration by evaporating said composition in the vicinity of a body to be cooled and thereafter condensing said composition; or    (ii) producing heat by condensing said composition in the vicinity of the body to be heated and thereafter evaporation said composition.    
     
     
         12 . The composition of  claim 3 , further comprising an odor-masking agent or thermal stabilizer.  
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 4  wherein said multi-stage centrifugal compressor is a two-stage centrifugal compressor.