Hydrogen Gas Electrolysis and Supply Apparatus and Method

Abstract

An electrode assembly for use in an electrochemical cell, said electrode being in the proportions of a pyramid with the proportions of the pyramidal shape being determined by a specific formula where the height is multiplied by a figure between 1 and 2 to determine the four side lengths and the height is multiplied by a figure between 1.20 and 2.22 to determine the four base lengths. The invention also comprises methods and techniques for adjusting an internal combustion engine and/or electric power generator to allow for the engine to run on hydrogen generated from water using an electrolysis cell. The methods have been developed to reduce the likelihood of hydrogen ignition flame back.

1 - 47 . (canceled)  
   
   
       48 . An electrode assembly for use in an electro-chemical cell, the assembly comprising: 
 an electrode assembly frame having a generally pyramidal shape, the frame includes a base plate with four base edges and four sides converging to a top, wherein the four sides contact each other at four side edges, wherein the electrode assembly has a height H from the top to the base, wherein each side edge has a length L 1  and each base edge has a length L 2 , and wherein the length L 1  is from one to two times the height H and the length L 2  is from 1.20 to 2.22 times the height H;    an anode formed within a first half of the assembly frame; and    a cathode formed within a second half of the assembly frame.    
   
   
       49 . The electrode assembly of  claim 48 , wherein the anode and cathode comprise nickel.  
   
   
       50 . An electro-chemical cell comprising: 
 a housing being of solid 2-piece ceramic construction and non-conductive electrical properties;    an electrode assembly having    an electrode assembly frame including a base plate with four base edges and four sides converging to a top, wherein the four sides contact each other at four side edges, wherein the electrode assembly has a height H from the top to the base, wherein each side edge has a length L 1  and each base edge has a length L 2 , and wherein the length L 1  is from one to two times the height H and the length L 2  is from 1.20 to 2.22 times the height H,    an anode formed within a first half of the assembly frame, and    a cathode formed within a second half of the assembly frame; and    wherein the electrode assembly is removably held within the electro-chemical cell.    
   
   
       51 . The electro-chemical cell of  claim 50 , wherein the electrode assembly further comprises a central dividing frame that allows electrical insulation and separation of the anode from the cathode while still promoting internal electrolyte flow to both the anode and the cathode, and that allows for separation of newly created hydrogen gas from newly created oxygen and/or chlorine gases.  
   
   
       52 . The electro-chemical cell of  claim 50 , wherein the electrode assembly frame has a generally pyramidal shape.  
   
   
       53 . A method of installing an electrode assembly within an electro-chemical cell, the electrode assembly having an electrode assembly frame, an anode, and a cathode, wherein the electrode assembly frame includes a base plate with four base edges and four sides converging to a top, wherein the four sides contact each other at four side edges, wherein the electrode assembly has a height H from the top to the base, wherein each side edge has a length L 1  and each base edge has a length L 2 , wherein the length L 1  is from one to two times the height H and the length L 2  is from 1.20 to 2.22 times the height H, and wherein the anode is formed within a first half of the assembly frame and the cathode is formed within a second half of the assembly frame, the method comprising: 
 detaching the base plate of the electro-chemical cell, wherein the electrode assembly is located inside the electro-chemical cell.    
   
   
       54 . A method for using an electro-chemical cell having an electrode assembly, the electrode assembly having an electrode assembly frame, an anode, and a cathode, wherein the electrode assembly frame includes a base plate with four base edges and four sides converging to a top, wherein the four sides contact each other at four side edges, wherein the electrode assembly has a height H from the top to the base, wherein each side edge has a length L 1  and each base edge has a length L 2 , wherein the length L 1  is from one to two times the height H and the length L 2  is from 1.20 to 2.22 times the height H, and wherein the anode is formed within a first half of the assembly frame and the cathode is formed within a second half of the assembly frame, the method comprising: 
 producing fuel for operating an internal or external combustion engine, wherein the fuel produced consists essentially of a mix of hydrogen, oxygen and air, or a mix of hydrogen, chlorine, and air.    
   
   
       55 . A method for using electrical energy within an electro-chemical cell having an electrode assembly, the electrode assembly having an electrode assembly frame, an anode, and a cathode, wherein the electrode assembly frame includes a base plate with four base edges and four sides converging to a top, wherein the four sides contact each other at four side edges, wherein the electrode assembly has a height H from the top to the base, wherein each side edge has a length L 1  and each base edge has a length L 2 , wherein the length L 1  is from one to two times the height H and the length L 2  is from 1.20 to 2.22 times the height H, and wherein the anode is formed within a first half of the assembly frame and the cathode is formed within a second half of the assembly frame, the method comprising: 
 producing electrical energy from the action of water vapor exhausts onto turbines.    
   
   
       56 . The method of  claim 54  further comprising: 
 producing variable yields of fuel by varying a pulse width of an electric current and/or quantity of electric voltage delivered to the electro-chemical cell, wherein a potentiometer is used to regulate the varying pulse width.    
   
   
       57 . The method of  claim 54  further comprising: 
 transporting produced fuel using an air under pressure device from the electro-chemical cell to a valve chamber within an internal or external combustion engine.    
   
   
       58 . The method of  claim 54  further comprising: 
 transferring excess gas remaining within any part of an internal or external combustion engine to a valve chamber or similar functioning apparatus for combustion; and    disconnecting all electrical energy provided to the electro-chemical cell from the electro-chemical cell; and    delivering electric current to an air under pressure device, a spark producing device, or a same purpose ignition functioning device, after the electrical energy has been disconnected from the electro-chemical cell.    
   
   
       59 . A method for using an electro-chemical cell having an electrode assembly, the electrode assembly having an electrode assembly frame, an anode, and a cathode, wherein the electrode assembly frame includes a base plate with four base edges and four sides converging to a top, wherein the four sides contact each other at four side edges, wherein the electrode assembly has a height H from the top to the base, wherein each side edge has a length L 1  and each base edge has a length L 2 , wherein the length L 1  is from one to two times the height H and the length L 2  is from 1.20 to 2.22 times the height H, and wherein the anode is formed within a first half of the assembly frame and the cathode is formed within a second half of the assembly frame, the method comprising: 
 increasing ionization and/or electrical conductivity of a water-based solution by adding at least one of metal bicarbonates, metal hydroxides, and metal chlorides to the water-based solution prior to electrolysis, the water-based solution to be used as at least part of a fuel mixture having cations and anions, the fuel mixture comprising:    a metal cations mixture having one of the following combinations of elements: magnesium and sodium, sodium and magnesium and potassium, potassium and magnesium and calcium, calcium and magnesium and lithium, lithium and magnesium, sodium and potassium, sodium and calcium, sodium and lithium, potassium and calcium, potassium and lithium, sodium and potassium and calcium and lithium, sodium and potassium and calcium and lithium and magnesium, magnesium and lithium and calcium, calcium and potassium and sodium, potassium and sodium and magnesium and calcium and lithium;    wherein the metal cations are mixed within an anion mixture having at least one of bicarbonates, hydroxides, and chlorides.    
   
   
       60 . A method for using an electro-chemical cell having an electrode assembly, the electrode assembly having an electrode assembly frame, an anode, and a cathode, wherein the electrode assembly frame includes a base plate with four base edges and four sides converging to a top, wherein the four sides contact each other at four side edges, wherein the electrode assembly has a height H from the top to the base, wherein each side edge has a length L 1  and each base edge has a length L 2 , wherein the length L 1  is from one to two times the height H and the length L 2  is from 1.20 to 2.22 times the height H, and wherein the anode is formed within a first half of the assembly frame and the cathode is formed within a second half of the assembly frame, the method comprising: 
 using a self-leveling gimbals device to promote optimum water levels within an electro-chemical cell, wherein the electro-chemical cell is operated on either unleveled or leveled ground.    
   
   
       61 . The method of  claim 54  further comprising utilizing at least one of an aqueous metal bicarbonate, a metal hydroxide, and a metal chloride water-based solution as an electrolyte within the electro-chemical cell.  
   
   
       62 . The method of  claim 54  further comprising using aqueous an alkaline water-based electrolyte solution consisting essentially of at least one of metal cations, bicarbonate anions, hydroxide anions, and chloride anions to produce fuel within the internal or external combustion engine.  
   
   
       63 . The method of  claim 54  further comprising removing carbon deposit build-up within the internal or external combustion engine by combusting the fuel within the internal or external combustion engine.  
   
   
       64 . The method of  claim 54  further comprising: 
 introducing at least one of metal bicarbonates, metal hydroxides, and metal chlorides within newly condensed de-ionized water;    reusing any minerals or trace elements left behind during one of electrolysis and hydrolysis within the electro-chemical cell by using a dispensing device within a water based electrolyte storage reservoir.    
   
   
       65 . The method of  claim 54  further comprising regulating produced gas pressures by either deactivating or reactivating electric current to the electro-chemical cell when produced gas pressures are beyond predetermined levels.  
   
   
       66 . The method of  claim 54  further comprising re-cycling newly condensed de-ionized water created from combustion of the fuel by returning the newly condensed de-ionized water to a water storage reservoir.  
   
   
       67 . The method of  claim 54  further comprising increasing electrical conductivity and ionization of water-based electrolytes, wherein less electrical energy is required to be delivered to the electro-chemical cell during one of electrolysis and hydrolysis, wherein at least one of metal bicarbonates, metal hydroxides, and metal chlorides are added to a water-based solution of the electro-chemical cell to produce increased gas yields.  
   
   
       68 . The method of  claim 54  further comprising lowering the temperature of the fuel, wherein the fuel is exposed to one of a cool environment or an apparatus for cooling.  
   
   
       69 . The method of  claim 54  further comprising increasing at least one of a molecular density and a concentration of the fuel within any given space by lowering the temperature of the fuel prior to combustion of the fuel.  
   
   
       70 . The method of  claim 54  further comprising using an un-refined natural sea salt water-based solution as an electrolyte within the electro-chemical cell.  
   
   
       71 . The method of  claim 54  further comprising vapor port injecting the fuel into a valve chamber of an internal or external combustion engine.  
   
   
       72 . The method of  claim 54  further comprising using a fine water vapor atomization injection system, wherein fuel temperatures are adjusted for use within at least one of a fuel vapor port injection system and a low pressure gas regulator, wherein a gas pressure of the fuel is regulated between one sixteenth of a pound per square inch of measure through, to, and including fifteen hundred pounds per square inch of measure.  
   
   
       73 . The method of  claim 54  further comprising utilizing at least one of a fine mesh grill and a flame arrestor to stop fuel ignition flame back-travel from an intake valve of the internal or external combustion engine, wherein the mesh grill includes grill holes which are from 0.001 millimeters to 12 millimeters in diameter.  
   
   
       74 . The method of  claim 54  further comprising lowering the temperature of the fuel by removing at least one of an engine manifold heating feature and a gas regulator heating feature from the internal or external combustion engine.  
   
   
       75 . The method of  claim 54  further comprising increasing the efficiency of the internal or external combustion engine by retarding the ignition timings to between 0 and 25 degrees after top dead center of the piston travel.  
   
   
       76 . The method of  claim 54  further comprising removing hydrogen ignition flame back-travel from the internal or external combustion engine by either advancing an intake valve closure or by retarding intake valve openings or by reducing the travel duration of entire intake valve.  
   
   
       77 . The method of  claim 54  further comprising advancing intake valve closure by retarding intake valve openings or by adjusting valve rocker arm travel distances through varying timings on tappets of the internal or external combustion engine.  
   
   
       78 . The method of  claim 54  further comprising advancing intake valve closure by retarding intake valve openings or by adjusting one of a cam belt timing and a cam shaft traveling distance.  
   
   
       79 . The method of  claim 54  further comprising opening an exhaust valve of the internal or external combustion engine at an earlier time so that exhaust valve travel durations, cam-shaft timings, or cam-shaft traveling distances are adjusted as required.  
   
   
       80 . The method of  claim 54  further comprising reducing hydrogen gas flash points by subjecting the produced fuel to one of a cool environment or an apparatus for cooling prior to combustion.  
   
   
       81 . The method of  claim 54  further comprising reducing an H 2 O molecule cluster size within a water-based solution prior to performing electrolysis or hydrolysis by channeling electro-magnetic oscillations through the water-based solution and thereby producing increased quantities of fuel.  
   
   
       82 . The method of  claim 54  further comprising increasing fuel production by reversing a polarity of a water-based or electrolyte solution by sending electro-magnetic oscillations into the water-based or the electrolyte solution prior to electrolysis or hydrolysis.  
   
   
       83 . The method of  claim 54  further comprising increasing fuel production by channeling in a clockwise direction, within the northern hemisphere, electro-magnetic oscillations into and through a water-based or electrolyte solution prior to electrolysis or hydrolysis.  
   
   
       84 . The method of  claim 54  further comprising increasing fuel production by channeling in a counter-clockwise direction, within the southern hemisphere, electro-magnetic oscillations into and through a water-based or electrolyte solution prior to electrolysis or hydrolysis.  
   
   
       85 . The method of  claim 54  further comprising using an air under pressure device to 
 a) move air over cathode surfaces or anode surfaces within the electro-chemical cell, pre-mixing produced fuel with air and removing all newly produced gas bubbles from the electrode surfaces, and to    b) increase fuel production without the need to increase electrical energy supplied to the electro-chemical cell by cleaning electrode surfaces of previously produced gases to promote further electrolysis.    
   
   
       86 . The method of  claim 54  further comprising increasing the temperature of an electrolyte or water-based solution between 0 to 60 degrees Celsius prior to or during electrolysis or hydrolysis of the electrolyte or water-based solution.  
   
   
       87 . The method of  claim 54  further comprising using air to fuel ratios when operating the internal or external combustion engine from one part air and one part fuel to 36 parts air and one part fuel.  
   
   
       88 . The method of  claim 54  further comprising creating electrical energy by channeling or directing kinetic energy impulses produced by exhaust emissions onto a mechanical energy producing turbine which produces electrical energy.  
   
   
       89 . The method of  claim 54  further comprising using electronic circuitry to monitor and increase electric voltage, electric current, and operation of an air under pressure device when the revolutions per minute of the internal or external combustion engine increase.  
   
   
       90 . The method of  claim 54  further comprising using electronic circuitry to monitor and decrease electric voltage or electric current and operation of an air under pressure device when the revolutions per minute of the internal or external combustion engine decrease.  
   
   
       91 . The method of  claim 54  further comprising running the internal or external combustion engine on the fuel, wherein the fuel is produced from water or water-based solutions, and wherein the energy provided to operate the electro-chemical cell is produced solely from operation of the internal or external combustion engine.  
   
   
       92 . The method of  claim 54  further comprising operating the internal or external combustion engine on the fuel, wherein the internal or external combustion engine has been designed to run on hydrocarbon fuels without previous modification for running on hydrogen, modifying a timing of an operation of an intake valve of the internal or external combustion engine to close earlier prior to combustion.  
   
   
       93 . The method of  claim 54  further comprising producing electrical energy when using water vapor exhaust kinetic energy to move turbines to create mechanical energy which then produces electrical energy.