Nitrogen-Regulated Sugar Sensing Gene and Protein and Modulation Thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to a nitrogen-regulated GATA transcription factor gene required for sugar sensing and the modulation of the expression of this gene to modulate a characteristic in a plant. The GATA transcription factor of the present invention is involved in regulating sugar sensing in plants and its expression is influenced by nitrogen status. Increased expression of this or substantially similar genes can produce plants with improved nitrogen utilization and increased yield.

1 . A method of modulating a characteristic in a plant cell comprising modulating expression of a GATA transcription factor gene in the plant cell.  
     
     
         2 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the expression of the GATA transcription factor gene is modulated by administering, to the cell, an effective amount of an agent that can modulate the expression levels of a GATA transcription factor gene in the plant cell.  
     
     
         3 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the characteristic is an agronomic trait.  
     
     
         4 . The method according to  claim 3 , wherein the characteristic is one that is affected by nitrogen, carbon and/or sulfur metabolism, biosynthesis of lipids, perception of nutrients, nutritional adaptation, electron transport and/or membrane associated energy conservation.  
     
     
         5 . The method according to  claim 3 , wherein the characteristic is selected from one or more of nitrogen utilization, yield, cell growth, reproduction, chlorophyll levels, photosynthesis, nitrogen assimilation, disease resistance, differentiation, signal transduction, gene regulation, abiotic stress tolerance and nutritional composition.  
     
     
         6 . The method according to  claim 5 , wherein the characteristic is nitrogen utilization.  
     
     
         7 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the plant cell is a dicot, a gymnosperm or a monocot.  
     
     
         8 . The method according to  claim 7 , wherein the monocot is selected from the group consisting of maize, rice, wheat, barley, oats, rye, millet, sorghum, triticale, secale, einkorn, spelt, emmer, teff, milo, flax, gramma grass,  Tripsacum sp . and teosite.  
     
     
         9 . The method according to  claim 7 , wherein the dicot is selected from the group consisting of soybean, tobacco or cotton.  
     
     
         10 . The method according to  claim 2 , wherein the agent enhances the expression levels of a GATA transcription factor gene in the plant cell.  
     
     
         11 . The method according to  claim 10 , wherein the modulated characteristic is an increase or improvement in one or more of nitrogen utilization, yield, cell growth, reproduction, photosynthesis, chlorophyll levels, nitrogen assimilation, disease resistance, differentiation, signal transduction, gene regulation, abiotic stress tolerance and nutritional composition.  
     
     
         12 . The method according to  claim 10  or  11 , wherein the agent that enhances the expression levels of a GATA transcription factor gene in the plant cell comprises a nucleic acid molecule encoding a GATA transcription factor.  
     
     
         13 . The method according to  claim 12 , wherein the nucleic acid molecule comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:9 or a functional fragment thereof.  
     
     
         14 . The method according to  claim 12 , wherein the nucleic acid molecule comprises a sequence that hybridizes under medium stringency conditions to SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:9 or a functional fragment thereof.  
     
     
         15 . The method according to  claim 12 , wherein the nucleic acid molecule comprises a nucleic acid sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:9 and has a nucleotide sequence comprising codons specific for expression in plants.  
     
     
         16 . The method according to  claim 12 , wherein the nucleic acid molecule comprises SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:9.  
     
     
         17 . The method according to  claim 12 , wherein the agent that can modulate the expression levels of a GATA transcription factor gene in a plant cell comprises: 
 (a) a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:9 or a fragment or domain thereof;    (b) a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:2 SEQ ID NO:6 or SEQ ID NO:8, a fragment or domain thereof,    (c) a nucleotide sequence having substantial similarity to (a) or (b);    (d) a nucleotide sequence capable of hybridizing to (a), (b) or (c);    (e) a nucleotide sequence complementary to (a), (b), (c) or (d); or    (f) a nucleotide sequence that is the reverse complement of (a), (b), (c) or (d).    
     
     
         18 . The method according to  claim 12 , wherein the agent that can modulate the expression levels of a GATA transcription factor gene in a plant cell comprises: 
 (a) a polypeptide sequence listed in SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:6 or SEQ ID NO:8, or a functional fragment, domain, repeat, or chimera thereof;    (b) a polypeptide sequence having substantial similarity to (a);    (c) a polypeptide sequence encoded by a nucleotide sequence identical to or having substantial similarity to a nucleotide sequence listed in SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:9, or a functional fragment or domain thereof, or a sequence complementary thereto; or    (d) a polypeptide sequence encoded by a nucleotide sequence capable of hybridizing under medium stringency conditions to a nucleotide sequence listed in SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:9, or to a sequence complementary thereto.    
     
     
         19 . The method according to  claim 12 , wherein the nucleic acid sequence is expressed in a specific location or tissue of the plant.  
     
     
         20 . The method according to  claim 19 , wherein the location or tissue is selected from one or more of seed, epidermis, root, vascular tissue, meristem, cambium, cortex, pith, leaf and flower.  
     
     
         21 . The method according to  claim 20 , wherein the location or tissue is a seed.  
     
     
         22 . The method according to  claim 12 , wherein the agent that enhances the expression levels of a GATA transcription factor gene in the plant cell comprises an expression cassette for modulating a characteristic in a plant cell including a promoter sequence operably linked to the isolated nucleic acid encoding a GATA transcription factor.  
     
     
         23 . A method of producing a transgenic plant comprising: 
 (1) providing an isolated nucleic acid as shown in SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:9; and    (2) introducing the nucleic acid into the plant, wherein the nucleic acid is expressed in the plant.    
     
     
         24 . The method according to  claim 23  wherein the plant demonstrates an increase or improvement in one or more of nitrogen utilization, yield, chlorophyll levels, cell growth, reproduction, photosynthesis, nitrogen assimilation, disease resistance, differentiation, signal transduction, gene regulation, abiotic stress tolerance and nutritional composition.  
     
     
         25 . The method of  claim 23  wherein the nucleic acid is introduced into the plant using a method selected from the group consisting of microparticle bombardment,  Agrobacterium -mediated transformation, and whiskers-mediated transformation.  
     
     
         26 . A plant produced using the method of  claim 23 .  
     
     
         27 . Seed of the plant of  claim 26 .  
     
     
         28 . A plant cell of the plant of  claim 26 .  
     
     
         29 . A use of an nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence of at least 10 bases, which sequence is identical, complementary, or substantially similar to a region of any of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:9 or a functional fragment thereof and wherein the use is selected from the group consisting of: 
 (i) use as a chromosomal marker to identify the location of the corresponding or complementary polynucleotide on a native or artificial chromosome;    (ii) use as a marker for RFLP analysis;    (iii) use as a marker for quantitative trait linked breeding;    (iv) use as a marker for marker-assisted breeding;    (v) use as a bait sequence in a two-hybrid system to identify sequence encoding polypeptides interacting with the polypeptide encoded by the bait sequence;    (vi) use as a diagnostic indicator for genotyping or identifying an individual or population of individuals; and    (vii) use for genetic analysis to identify boundaries of genes or exons.    
     
     
         30 . An antibody raised against an isolated polypeptide comprising: 
 (a) a polypeptide sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:6 or SEQ ID NO:8, or a fragment, domain, repeat or chimera thereof;    (b) a polypeptide sequence having substantial similarity to (a);    (c) a polypeptide sequence encoded by a nucleotide sequence identical to or having substantial similarity to a nucleotide sequence listed in SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:6 or SEQ ID NO:8, or a fragment or domain thereof, or a sequence complementary thereto;    (d) a polypeptide sequence encoded by a nucleotide sequence capable of hybridizing under medium stringency conditions to a nucleotide sequence listed in SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:9, or to a sequence complementary thereto; or    (e) a functional fragment of (a), (b), (c) or (d).    
     
     
         31 . The antibody according to  claim 30  wherein the polypeptide comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:6 or SEQ ID NO:8 or a variant thereof having a conservative amino acid modification.  
     
     
         32 . An immunoassay kit comprising the antibody of  claim 30  and instructions for the use thereof.