Lubricant composition for cellulosic-thermoplastic composite

Abstract

A composition is disclosed that comprises: (a) at least one saturated-fatty acid bis-amide of the structure: wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently saturated hydrocarbyl groups comprising from 11 to 35 carbon atoms, (b) at least one unsaturated-fatty acid bis-amide of the structure: wherein R 3 and R 4 are independently unsaturated hydrocarbyl groups comprising from about 11 to about 35 carbon atoms; (c) at least one particulate cellulosic material; (d) at least one thermoplastic resin; (e) at least one coupling agent for coupling the particulate cellulosic material (c) to the thermoplastic resin (d); (f) optionally, at least one inorganic particulate material; and, (g) optionally, at least one additional lubricant.

1 . A composition comprising:
 (a) at least one saturated-fatty acid bis-amide of the structure:   
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 1  and R 2  are independently saturated hydrocarbyl groups comprising from 11 to 35 carbon atoms,
 (b) at least one unsaturated-fatty acid bis-amide of the structure: 
 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 3  and R 4  are independently unsaturated hydrocarbyl groups comprising from about 11 to about 35 carbon atoms;
 (c) at least one particulate cellulosic material; 
 (d) at least one thermoplastic resin; 
 (e) at least one coupling agent for coupling the particulate cellulosic material (c) to the thermoplastic resin (d); 
 (e) optionally, at least one inorganic particulate material; and 
 (g) optionally, at least one additional lubricant. 
 
   
   
       2 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein the saturated-fatty acid bis-amide (a) is present in an amount of from about 0.05 to about 6.9 weight percent, the unsaturated-fatty acid bis-amide (b) is present in an amount of from about 0.14 to about 7.6 weight percent, the total of (a) and (b) is from about 1 to about 8 weight percent, and the ratio of (a) to (b) is from about 1:19 to about 6:1 
   
   
       3 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein the saturated-fatty acid bis-amide (a) is selected from the group consisting of N,N′-ethylene bis-palmitamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-stearamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-arachidamide, and N,N′-ethylene bis-behenamide. 
   
   
       4 . The composition of  claim 2  wherein the saturated-fatty acid bis-amide (a) is selected from the group consisting of N,N′-ethylene bis-palmitamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-stearamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-arachidamide, and N,N′-ethylene bis-behenamide. 
   
   
       5 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein the unsaturated-fatty acid bis-amide (b) is selected from the group consisting of N,N′-ethylene bis-palmitoleamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-oleamide (EBO), N,N′-ethylene bis-elaidamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-gondamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-erucamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-brassidamide, and combinations thereof. 
   
   
       6 . The composition of  claim 2  wherein the unsaturated-fatty acid bis-amide (b) is selected from the group consisting of N,N′-ethylene bis-palmitoleamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-oleamide (EBO), N,N′-ethylene bis-elaidamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-gondamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-erucamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-brassidamide, and combinations thereof. 
   
   
       7 . The composition of  claim 4  wherein the unsaturated-fatty acid bis-amide (b) is selected from the group consisting of N,N′-ethylene bis-palmitoleamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-oleamide (EBO), N,N′-ethylene bis-elaidamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-gondamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-erucamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-brassidamide, and combinations thereof. 
   
   
       8 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein the coupling agent is selected from the group consisting of maleic anhydride grafted polyolefins, succinyl anhydride substituted polyolefins, acrylic acid grafted polyolefins, vinyl acetate grafted polyolefins, and combinations thereof. 
   
   
       9 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein the coupling agent is selected from the group consisting of maleic anhydride grafted high-density polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted low-density polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted linear low-density polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene wax, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, acrylic acid grafted high-density polyethylene, acrylic acid grafted low-density polyethylene, acrylic acid grafted polypropylene, co-polyethylene-vinyl acetate, and combinations thereof. 
   
   
       10 . The composition of  claim 4  wherein the coupling agent is selected from the group consisting of maleic anhydride grafted polyolefins, succinyl anhydride substituted polyolefins, acrylic acid grafted polyolefins, vinyl acetate grafted polyolefins, and combinations thereof. 
   
   
       11 . The composition of  claim 4  wherein the coupling agent is selected from the group consisting of maleic anhydride grafted high-density polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted low-density polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted linear low-density polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene wax, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, acrylic acid grafted high-density polyethylene, acrylic acid grafted low-density polyethylene, acrylic acid grafted polypropylene, co-polyethylene-vinyl acetate, and combinations thereof. 
   
   
       12 . An article of manufacture fabricated from the composition of  claim 1  wherein said article is selected from the group consisting of a solid or hollow cellulosic-thermoplastic composite profile, board, rod, strand, pellet, siding, sheet, and combinations thereof. 
   
   
       13 . An article of manufacture fabricated from the composition of  claim 10  wherein said article is selected from the group consisting of a solid or hollow cellulosic-thermoplastic composite profile, board, rod, strand, pellet, siding, sheet, and combinations thereof. 
   
   
       14 . A method for forming a composition comprising
 (i) combining
 (a) at least one saturated-fatty acid bis-amide of the structure: 
   
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 1  and R 2  are independently saturated hydrocarbyl groups comprising from 11 to 35 carbon atoms,
   (b) at least one unsaturated-fatty acid bis-amide of the structure:   
 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 3  and R 4  are independently unsaturated hydrocarbyl groups comprising from about 11 to about 35 carbon atoms;
   (c) at least one particulate cellulosic material;   (d) at least one thermoplastic resin;   (e) at least one coupling agent for coupling the particulate cellulosic material (c) to the thermoplastic resin (d);   (f) optionally, at least one inorganic particulate material; and   (g) optionally, at least one additional lubricant; and,   
 (ii) extruding the combination of step (i) through an extruder to provide cellulosic-thermoplastic composite. 
 
   
   
       15 . The method of  claim 14  wherein the saturated-fatty acid bis-amide (a) is present in an amount of from about 0.05 to about 6.9 weight percent, the unsaturated-fatty acid bis-amide (b) is present in an amount of from about 0.14 to about 7.6 weight percent, the total of (a) and (b) is from about 1 to about 8 weight percent, and the ratio of (a) to (b) is from about 1:19 to about 6:1 
   
   
       16 . The method of  claim 14  wherein the saturated-fatty acid bis-amide (a) is selected from the group consisting of N,N′-ethylene bis-palmitamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-stearamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-arachidamide, and N,N′-ethylene bis-behenamide. 
   
   
       17 . The method of  claim 15  wherein the saturated-fatty acid bis-amide (a) is selected from the group consisting of N,N′-ethylene bis-palmitamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-stearamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-arachidamide, and N,N′-ethylene bis-behenamide. 
   
   
       18 . The method of  claim 14 ,wherein the unsaturated-fatty acid bis-amide (b) is selected from the group consisting of N,N′-ethylene bis-palmitoleamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-oleamide (EBO), N,N′-ethylene bis-elaidamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-gondamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-erucamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-brassidamide, and combinations thereof. 
   
   
       19 . The method of  claim 15  wherein the unsaturated-fatty acid bis-amide (b) is selected from the group consisting of N,N′-ethylene bis-palmitoleamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-oleamide (EBO), N,N′-ethylene bis-elaidamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-gondamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-erucamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-brassidamide, and combinations thereof. 
   
   
       20 . The method of  claim 17  wherein the unsaturated-fatty acid bis-amide (b) is selected from the group consisting of N,N′-ethylene bis-palmitoleamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-oleamide (EBO), N,N′-ethylene bis-elaidamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-gondamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-erucamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-brassidamide, and combinations thereof. 
   
   
       21 . The method of  claim 14  wherein the coupling agent is selected from the group consisting of maleic anhydride grafted polyolefins, succinyl anhydride substituted polyolefins, acrylic acid grafted polyolefins, vinyl acetate grafted polyolefins, and combinations thereof. 
   
   
       22 . The method of  claim 14  wherein the coupling agent is selected from the group consisting of maleic anhydride grafted high-density polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted low-density polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted linear low-density polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene wax, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, acrylic acid grafted high-density polyethylene, acrylic acid grafted low-density polyethylene, acrylic acid grafted polypropylene, co-polyethylene-vinyl acetate, and combinations thereof. 
   
   
       23 . The method of  claim 17  wherein the coupling agent is selected from the group consisting of maleic anhydride grafted polyolefins, succinyl anhydride substituted polyolefins, acrylic acid grafted polyolefins, vinyl acetate grafted polyolefins, and combinations thereof. 
   
   
       24 . The method of  claim 17  wherein the coupling agent is selected from the group consisting of maleic anhydride grafted high-density polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted low-density polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted linear low-density polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene wax, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, acrylic acid grafted high-density polyethylene, acrylic acid grafted low-density polyethylene, acrylic acid grafted polypropylene, co-polyethylene-vinyl acetate, and combinations thereof.