Angioplasty stents

Abstract

An angioplasty stent comprises a body comprising a plurality of successive segments connected in pairs by bridge means so that the successive segments can be oriented relative to one another for the purposes of bending of the body in any direction defined by a linear combination of respective orientation axes defined by the bridge connection means. During the radial expansion of the stent, the axial contraction of the segments resulting from the opening-out of the respective loops is compensated by axial projection of the bridge elements from the respective concave portions. The wall of the body comprises arms for supporting a lumen as well as regions which are selectively deformable during the expansion of the stent, the arms and the selectively deformable regions having different cross-sections and/or cross-sectional areas. At least one portion of the body may have a substantially reticular structure, the branches of which define geometrical figures identifiable as fractals.

1 . A stent for supporting the wall of a vessel, the stent having a tubular body having a wall including an inner wall surface and an outer wall surface, the tubular body capable of being expanded from a radially contracted position to a radially expanded position, the stent comprising: 
 at least two annular segments including a first annular segment and a second annular segment, the first and second annular segments each having a wave shape, at least one annular segment being configured such that a first portion of the at least one annular segment has a first outer wall surface width at an intersection of a first plane with the first portion and a second portion of the at least one annular segment has a second outer wall surface width at an intersection of a second plane with the second portion, the first plane being perpendicular to the wave shape at the first portion, the second plane being perpendicular to the wave shape at the second portion, the first outer wall surface width being greater than the second outer wall surface width; and    at least two bridge connectors including first and second bridge connectors connected between the first and second annular segments, the at least two bridge connectors each having a shape defining a sinusoidal path of greater than 360 degrees between the first and second annular segments.    
   
   
       2 . The stent of  claim 1 , wherein the wave shape of the first and second annular segments comprises a plurality of peaks connected by a plurality of arm sections and wherein the first bridge connector is connected between a first peak of the first annular segment and a first peak of the second annular segment and the second bridge connector is connected between a second peak of the first annular segment and a second peak of the second annular segment.  
   
   
       3 . The stent of  claim 1  wherein the tubular body is formed from a tubular blank and further wherein the plurality of openings is formed from one of laser cutting, photo-engraving, or machining.  
   
   
       4 . The stent of  claim 1  wherein the tubular body is formed from a strip-like element closed to form a tube and further wherein the plurality of openings is formed from one of laser cutting, photo-engraving, or machining.  
   
   
       5 . The stent of  claim 1  wherein the tubular body is formed from a metal wire.  
   
   
       6 . The stent of  claim 1  wherein the shape of the at least two bridge connectors defines a plurality of alternating peaks oriented in opposing directions.  
   
   
       7 . A stent for supporting the wall of a vessel comprising a tubular body having a wall including an inner wall surface and an outer wall surface, the tubular body capable of being expanded from a radially contracted position to a radially expanded position, the tubular body including a plurality of annular segments, each annular segment connected to at least one other annular segment by at least two bridge connectors, a first portion of at least one annular segment having a first cross-sectional shape at an intersection of a first plane with the first portion, a second portion of the at least one annular segment having a second cross-sectional shape at an intersection of a second plane with the second portion, the first plane being perpendicular to the annular segment at the first portion, the second plane being perpendicular to the annular segment at the second portion, the first cross-sectional shape being different from the second cross-sectional shape, the plurality of annular segments including first and second annular segments having a wave shape, the first and second annular segments being connected by first and second bridge connectors, the first and second bridge connectors having a shape defining a sinusoidal path of greater than 360 degrees from the first annular segment to the second annular segment.  
   
   
       8 . The stent of  claim 7  wherein the wave shape of the first and second annular segments comprises a plurality of peaks connected by a plurality of arm sections and wherein the first bridge connector is connected between a first peak of the first annular segment and a first peak of the second annular segment and the second bridge connector is connected between a second peak of the first annular segment and a second peak of the second annular segment.  
   
   
       9 . The stent of  claim 7  wherein the tubular body is formed from a tubular blank and further wherein the plurality of openings is formed from one of laser cutting, photo-engraving, electron-discharge, or machining.  
   
   
       10 . The stent of  claim 7  wherein the tubular body is formed from a strip-like element closed to form a tube and further wherein the plurality of openings is formed from one of laser cutting, photo-engraving, electron-discharge, or machining.  
   
   
       11 . The stent of  claim 7  wherein the tubular body is formed from a metal wire.  
   
   
       12 . The stent of  claim 7  wherein the shape of the first and second bridge connectors defines a plurality of alternating peaks oriented in opposing directions.  
   
   
       13 . A method of making a stent for supporting a vessel wall comprising: 
 providing a tubular body having a wall including an inner wall surface and an outer wall surface; and    forming a plurality of openings in the wall of the tubular body, the openings defining a plurality of annular segments, at least one annular segment being configured such that a first portion of the at least one annular segment has a first outer wall surface width at an intersection of a first plane with the first portion, and a second portion of the at least one annular segment has a second outer wall surface width at an intersection of a second plane with the second portion, the first plane being perpendicular to the at least one annular segment at the first portion, the second plane being perpendicular to the at least one annular segment at the second portion, the first outer wall surface width being greater than the second outer wall surface width, each annular segment connected to at least one other annular segment by at least two bridge connectors, the tubular body being expandable from a radially contracted position to a radially expanded position, the plurality of annular segments including a first annular segment and a second annular segment, the first and second annular segments each having a wave shape, the first annular segment being connected to the second annular segment by at least first and second bridge connectors, the first and second bridge connectors each having a shape defining a sinusoidal wave of greater than 360 degrees between the first and second annular segments.    
   
   
       14 . The method of  claim 13  wherein, in the forming step, the wave shape of the first and second annular segments comprises a plurality of peaks connected by a plurality of arm sections and wherein the first bridge connector is connected between a first peak of the first annular segment and a first peak of the second annular segment and the second bridge connector is connected between a second peak of the first annular segment and a second peak of the second annular segment.  
   
   
       15 . The method of  claim 13  wherein, in the forming step, the tubular body is formed from a tubular blank and further wherein the plurality of openings is formed from one of laser cutting, photo-engraving, electron-discharge, or machining.  
   
   
       16 . The method of  claim 13  wherein, in the forming step, the tubular body is formed from a strip-like element closed to form a tube and further wherein the plurality of openings is formed from one of laser cutting, photo-engraving, electron-discharge, or machining.  
   
   
       17 . The method of  claim 13  wherein, in the forming step, the tubular body is formed from a metal wire.  
   
   
       18 . The method of  claim 13  wherein the shape of the first and second bridge connectors defines a plurality of alternating peaks oriented in opposing directions.  
   
   
       19 . A stent for supporting the wall of a vessel comprising a tubular body having a wall including an inner wall surface and an outer wall surface, the tubular body capable of being expanded from a radially contracted position to a radially expanded position, the tubular body including a plurality of annular segments, at least one annular segment being configured such that a first portion of the at least one annular segment has a first outer wall surface width at an intersection of a first plane with the first portion and a second portion of the at least one annular segment has a second outer wall surface width at an intersection of a second plane with the second portion, the first plane being perpendicular to the at least one annular segment at the first portion, the second plane being perpendicular to the at least one annular segment at the second portion, the first outer wall surface width being greater than the second outer wall surface width, each annular segment connected to at least one other annular segment by at least two bridge connectors, the plurality of annular segments including first and second annular segments having a shape defining a sinusoidal path which includes a plurality of alternating peaks connected by a plurality of arm sections, the first and second annular segments being connected by first and second bridge connectors, the first and second bridge connectors defining a sinusoidal path of approximately 720 degrees from the first annular segment to the second annular segment, the first bridge connector being connected between a first peak of the first annular segment and a first peak of the second annular segment and the second bridge connector being connected between a second peak of the first annular segment and a second peak of the second annular segment.  
   
   
       20 . The stent of  claim 19  wherein the tubular body is formed from a tubular blank and further wherein the plurality of openings is formed from one of laser cutting, photo-engraving, electron-discharge, or machining.  
   
   
       21 . The stent of  claim 19  wherein the tubular body is formed from a strip-like element closed to form a tube and further wherein the plurality of openings is formed from one of laser cutting, photo-engraving, electron-discharge, or machining.  
   
   
       22 . The stent of  claim 19  wherein the tubular body is formed from a metal wire.  
   
   
       23 . The stent of  claim 19  wherein the plurality of alternating peaks are oriented in opposing directions.  
   
   
       24 . A stent for supporting the wall of a vessel, the stent having a tubular body having a wall including an inner wall surface and an outer wall surface, the tubular body capable of being expanded from a radially contracted position to a radially expanded position, the stent comprising: 
 at least two annular segments including a first annular segment and a second annular segment, the first and second annular segments each having a wave shape, a first portion of at least one annular segment having a first cross-sectional shape at an intersection of a first plane with the first portion, a second portion of the at least one annular segment having a second cross-sectional shape at an intersection of a second plane with the second portion, the first plane being perpendicular to the at least one annular segment at the first portion, the second plane being perpendicular to the at least one annular segment at the second portion, the first cross-sectional shape being different from the second cross-sectional shape; and    at least two bridge connectors including first and second bridge connectors connected between the first and second annular segments, the at least two bridge connectors each having a wave shape defining a repeating pattern, the pattern of the at least two bridge connectors repeating approximately twice between the first and second annular segments.    
   
   
       25 . The stent of  claim 24  wherein the wave shape of the first and second annular segments comprises a plurality of peaks connected by a plurality of arm sections and wherein the first bridge connector is connected between a first peak of the first annular segment and a first peak of the second annular segment and the second bridge connector is connected between a second peak of the first annular segment and a second peak of the second annular segment.  
   
   
       26 . The stent of  claim 24  wherein the tubular body is formed from a tubular blank and further wherein the plurality of openings is formed from one of laser cutting, photo-engraving, electron-discharge, or machining.  
   
   
       27 . The stent of  claim 24  wherein the tubular body is formed from a strip-like element closed to form a tube and further wherein the plurality of openings is formed from one of laser cutting, photo-engraving, electron-discharge, or machining.  
   
   
       28 . The stent of  claim 24  wherein the tubular body is formed from a metal wire.  
   
   
       29 . The stent of  claim 24  wherein the shape of the at least two bridge connectors defines a plurality of alternating peaks oriented in opposing directions.  
   
   
       30 . A stent for supporting the wall of a vessel comprising a tubular body having a wall including an inner wall surface and an outer wall surface, the tubular body capable of being expanded from a radially contracted position to a radially expanded position, the tubular body including a plurality of annular segments, at least one annular segment being configured such that a first portion of the at least one annular segment has a first outer wall surface width at an intersection of a first plane with the first portion and a second portion of the at least one annular segment has a second outer wall surface width at an intersection of a second plane with the second portion, the first plane being perpendicular to the at least one annular segment at the first portion, the second plane being perpendicular to the at least one annular segment at the second portion, the first outer wall surface width being greater than the second outer wall surface width, each annular segment connected to at least one other annular segment by at least two bridge connectors, the plurality of annular segments including first and second annular segments having a shape defining a sinusoidal path which includes a plurality of alternating peaks connected by a plurality of arm sections, the first and second annular segments being connected by first and second bridge connectors, the first and second bridge connectors defining a repeating pattern, the pattern of the first and second bridge connectors repeating approximately twice from the first annular segment to the second annular segment, the first bridge connector being connected between a first peak of the first annular segment and a first peak of the second annular segment and the second bridge connector being connected between a second peak of the first annular segment and a second peak of the second annular segment.  
   
   
       31 . The stent of  claim 30  wherein the tubular body is formed from a tubular blank and further wherein the plurality of openings is formed from one of laser cutting, photo-engraving, electron-discharge, or machining.  
   
   
       32 . The stent of  claim 30  wherein the tubular body is formed from a strip-like element closed to form a tube and further wherein the plurality of openings is formed from one of laser cutting, photo-engraving, electron-discharge, or machining.  
   
   
       33 . The stent of  claim 30  wherein the tubular body is formed from a metal wire.  
   
   
       34 . The stent of  claim 30  wherein the plurality of alternating peaks are oriented in opposing directions.  
   
   
       35 . A stent for supporting the wall of a vessel, the stent having a tubular body having a wall including an inner wall surface and an outer wall surface, the tubular body capable of being expanded from a radially contracted position to a radially expanded position, the stent comprising: 
 at least two annular segments including a first annular segment and a second annular segment, a first portion of at least one annular segment having a first cross-sectional shape at an intersection of a first plane with the first portion, a second portion of the at least one annular segment having a second cross-sectional shape at an intersection of a second plane with the second portion, the first plane being perpendicular to the at least one annular segment at the first portion, the second plane being perpendicular to the at least one annular segment at the second portion, the first cross-sectional shape being different from the second cross-sectional shape; and    at least two bridge connectors including first and second bridge connectors connected between the first and second annular segments, the at least two bridge connectors each having a shape defining a sinusoidal path of between 360 degrees and 720 degrees from the first annular segment to the second annular segment.    
   
   
       36 . The stent of  claim 35  wherein the tubular body is formed from a tubular blank and further wherein the plurality of openings is formed from one of laser cutting, photo-engraving, electron-discharge, or machining.  
   
   
       37 . The stent of  claim 35  wherein the tubular body is formed from a strip-like element closed to form a tube and further wherein the plurality of openings is formed from one of laser cutting, photo-engraving, electron-discharge, or machining.  
   
   
       38 . The stent of  claim 35  wherein the tubular body is formed from a metal wire.  
   
   
       39 . The stent of  claim 35  wherein the shape of the at least two bridge connectors defines a plurality of alternating peaks oriented in opposing directions.  
   
   
       40 . A stent for supporting the wall of a vessel, the stent having a tubular body having a wall including an inner wall surface and an outer wall surface, the tubular body capable of being expanded from a radially contracted position to a radially expanded position, the stent comprising: 
 at least two annular segments including a first annular segment and a second annular segment, at least one annular segment being configured such that a first portion of the at least one annular segment has a first outer wall surface width at an intersection of a first plane with the first portion and a second portion of the at least one annular segment has a second outer wall surface width at an intersection of a second plane with the second portion, the first plane being perpendicular to the at least one annular segment at the first portion, the second plane being perpendicular to the at least one annular segment at the second portion, the first outer wall surface width being greater than the second outer wall surface width; and    at least two bridge connectors including first and second bridge connectors connected between the first and second annular segments, the at least two bridge connectors each having a wave shape defining a repeating pattern, the pattern being repeated more than once but less than twice between the first and second annular segments.    
   
   
       41 . The stent of  claim 40  wherein the tubular body is formed from a tubular blank and further wherein the plurality of openings is formed from one of laser cutting, photo-engraving, electron-discharge, or machining.  
   
   
       42 . The stent of  claim 40  wherein the tubular body is formed from a strip-like element closed to form a tube and further wherein the plurality of openings is formed from one of laser cutting, photo-engraving, electron-discharge, or machining.  
   
   
       43 . The stent of  claim 40  wherein the tubular body is formed from a metal wire.  
   
   
       44 . The stent of  claim 40  wherein the shape of the at least two bridge connectors defines a plurality of alternating peaks oriented in opposing directions.