Electrode structure

Abstract

An electrode structure of a fuel cell for power generation comprises an anodic structure, a cathodic structure, and an ionic exchange membrane disposed between the anodic and cathodic structures. The anodic and cathodic structures respectively are formed by multi-layer structures, to reduce the fuel crossover from the anodic structure to the cathodic structure, to reduce the catalysts applied amount, and to increase an output electrical energy of the fuel cell. The multi-layer structure of the anodic structure comprises a thin platinum alloy black layer, a Pt alloy layer disposed on the carbon material, and a substrate.

1 . An electrode structure for a fuel cell for power generation, the electrode structure comprising: 
 a cathodic structure;    an ionic exchange membrane disposed next to the cathodic structure; and    an anodic structure sequentially comprising a first thin platinum alloy black layer disposed next to the ionic exchange membrane, a platinum alloy carbon support layer and a first substrate layer.    
   
   
       2 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the platinum alloy carbon support layer comprises a high catalytic platinum alloy carbon support layer, a low catalytic platinum alloy carbon support layer, a combination of the high catalytic platinum alloy carbon support layer and the low catalytic platinum alloy carbon support layer, a combination of the low catalytic platinum alloy carbon support layer and a non-catalytic carbon support layer, or a combination of the high catalytic platinum alloy carbon support layer and the non-catalytic carbon support layer.  
   
   
       3 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 2 , wherein the non-catalytic carbon support layer comprises a plurality of carbon support particles and a appropriately polymers dispersed on surfaces of the carbon support particles, and the carbon support particles are linked by the polymers to form the non-catalytic carbon support layer, and the carbon support particles are conductive and anti-corrosive carbon material.  
   
   
       4 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 2 , wherein the high catalytic platinum alloy carbon support layer comprises a plurality of high platinum alloy carbon support particles containing a plurality of platinum alloy particles, and the low catalytic platinum alloy carbon support layer comprises a plurality of low platinum alloy carbon support particles containing the platinum alloy particles, wherein the amount of the platinum alloy particles of the high platinum alloy carbon support particles is greater than the amount of the platinum alloy particles of the low platinum alloy carbon support particles.  
   
   
       5 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the ionic exchange membrane is made of Nafion®/Nafion® derivatives, non-perfluoro chemicals and derivatives thereof, or hydrocarbon.  
   
   
       6 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the first thin platinum alloy black layer covers the surface of the ionic exchange membrane.  
   
   
       7 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the first thin platinum alloy black layer covers the surface of the platinum alloy carbon support layer.  
   
   
       8 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the first substrate layer comprises a carbon substrate.  
   
   
       9 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the first thin platinum alloy black layer comprises a appropriately polymers and a plurality of platinum alloy particles linked by the polymers, to form the first thin platinum alloy black layer.  
   
   
       10 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the platinum alloy carbon support layer comprises a plurality of carbon support particles, a plurality of platinum alloy particles, and a appropriately polymers dispersed on surfaces of the carbon support particles, wherein the carbon support particles are linked by the polymers to form the platinum alloy carbon support layer.  
   
   
       11 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the cathodic structure sequentially comprises a second substrate and a carbon support layer disposed next to the ionic exchange membrane.  
   
   
       12 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 11 , wherein the carbon support layer comprises a platinum catalytic carbon support layer and a non-catalytic carbon support layer.  
   
   
       13 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 12 , wherein the platinum catalytic carbon support layer comprises a plurality of platinum catalytic carbon supports and a appropriately polymers, wherein the platinum catalytic carbon supports comprise a plurality of carbon support particles and a plurality of platinum catalytic particles dispersed on surfaces of the carbon support particles, and the platinum catalytic particles are linked by the polymers to form the platinum catalytic carbon support layer.  
   
   
       14 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 11 , wherein the carbon support layer covers the second substrate.  
   
   
       15 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 11 , wherein the carbon support layer covers the surface of the ionic exchange membrane.  
   
   
       16 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 11 , wherein the second substrate comprises a carbon substrate.  
   
   
       17 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the cathodic structure sequentially comprises a platinum black layer disposed next to the ionic exchange membrane, a non-catalytic carbon support layer and a second substrate.  
   
   
       18 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 17 , wherein the platinum black layer comprises a plurality of platinum catalytic particles and a appropriately polymers, and the platinum catalytic particles are linked by the polymers to form the platinum black layer.  
   
   
       19 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 17 , wherein the non-catalytic carbon support layer comprises a plurality of carbon support particles and a appropriately polymers, and the carbon support particles are linked by the polymers to form the non-catalytic carbon support layer.  
   
   
       20 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the cathodic structure sequentially comprises a second thin platinum alloy black layer disposed next to the ionic exchange membrane, a carbon support layer and a second substrate.  
   
   
       21 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 20 , wherein the second thin platinum alloy black layer covers the ionic exchange membrane.  
   
   
       22 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 20 , wherein the carbon support layer covers the second substrate.  
   
   
       23 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 20 , wherein the second substrate comprises a carbon substrate.  
   
   
       24 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 20 , wherein the second thin platinum alloy black layer comprises a plurality of platinum alloy particles and a appropriately polymers, and the platinum alloy particles are linked by the polymers to form the second thin platinum alloy black layer.  
   
   
       25 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 20 , wherein the carbon support layer comprises a platinum catalytic carbon support layer disposed next to the second thin platinum alloy black layer and a non-catalytic carbon support layer.  
   
   
       26 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 25 , wherein the platinum catalytic carbon support layer comprises a plurality of platinum catalytic carbon support particles and a appropriately polymers, and the platinum catalytic carbon support particles comprises a plurality of carbon support particles and a plurality of platinum catalytic particles dispersed on surfaces of the carbon support particles, and the platinum catalytic carbon support particles are linked by the polymers to form the platinum catalytic carbon support layer.  
   
   
       27 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 25 , wherein the non-catalytic carbon support layer comprises a plurality of carbon support particles and a appropriately polymers dispersed on surfaces of the carbon support particles, and the carbon support particles are linked by the polymers to form the non-catalytic carbon support layer.  
   
   
       28 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the cathodic structure sequentially comprises a second thin platinum alloy black layer disposed next to the ionic exchange membrane, a platinum catalytic layer and a second substrate.  
   
   
       29 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 28 , wherein the platinum catalytic layer covers the second substrate.  
   
   
       30 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 28 , wherein the second thin platinum alloy black layer covers the surface of the ionic exchange membrane.  
   
   
       31 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 28 , wherein the second substrate comprises a carbon substrate.  
   
   
       32 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 28 , wherein the second thin platinum alloy black layer comprises a plurality of platinum alloy particles and a appropriately polymers, and the platinum alloy particles are linked by the polymers to form the second thin platinum alloy black layer.  
   
   
       33 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 28 , wherein the platinum catalytic layer comprises a combination of a platinum black layer and a non-catalytic carbon support layer, or a combination of the platinum black layer and a platinum catalytic carbon support layer.  
   
   
       34 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 33 , wherein the platinum catalytic carbon support layer comprises a plurality of platinum catalytic carbon support particles and a appropriately polymers, and the platinum catalytic carbon support particles comprises a plurality of platinum catalytic particles dispersed on surfaces of the carbon support particles, and the platinum catalytic carbon support particles are linked by the polymers to form the platinum catalytic carbon support layer.  
   
   
       35 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 33 , wherein the non-catalytic carbon support layer comprises a plurality of carbon support particles and a appropriately polymers dispersed on surfaces of the carbon support particles, and the carbon support particles are linked by the polymers to form the non-catalytic carbon support layer.  
   
   
       36 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 28 , wherein the platinum catalytic layer comprises a plurality of platinum catalytic particles and an appropriately polymers, and the platinum catalytic particles are linked by the polymers to form the platinum catalytic layer.  
   
   
       37 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the fuel cell generates power by use of a fuel.  
   
   
       38 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 37 , wherein the fuel comprises an organic fuel.  
   
   
       39 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 38 , wherein the organic fuel comprises an available fuel containing alcohol, aldehyde or acid.  
   
   
       40 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 39 , wherein the available fuel comprises liquid, gel, solid or gaseous types.  
   
   
       41 . An electrode structure, comprising: 
 a cathodic structure;    an ionic exchange membrane disposed next to the cathodic structure; and    an anodic structure sequentially comprising a first thin platinum alloy black layer disposed next to the ionic exchange membrane, a platinum alloy carbon support layer and a first substrate layer, wherein the platinum alloy carbon support layer comprises at least one first platinum alloy carbon support layer and at least one second platinum alloy carbon support layer, and the at least one first platinum alloy carbon support layer is not greater than the at least one second platinum alloy carbon support layer.    
   
   
       42 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 41 , wherein the at least one first platinum alloy carbon support layer and the at least one second platinum alloy carbon support layer are substantially between 10 to 90 wt %.  
   
   
       43 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 41 , wherein the at least one first platinum alloy carbon support layer is not less than 10 wt %.  
   
   
       44 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 41 , wherein the at least one second platinum alloy carbon support layer is not greater than 90 wt %.  
   
   
       45 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 41  further comprising a non-catalytic carbon support layer disposed between the platinum alloy carbon support layer and the first substrate layer.  
   
   
       46 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein wherein the non-catalytic carbon support layer comprises a plurality of carbon support particles and a appropriately polymers, and the carbon support particles are linked by the polymers to form the non-catalytic carbon support layer.  
   
   
       47 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 46 , wherein the carbon support particles are conductive or anti-corrosive carbon material.  
   
   
       48 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 41 , wherein the ionic exchange membrane is made of Nafion®/Nafion® derivatives, non-perfluoro chemicals and derivatives thereof, or hydrocarbon.  
   
   
       49 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 41 , wherein the first thin platinum alloy black layer is deposited on the ionic exchange membrane.  
   
   
       50 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 41 , wherein the first thin platinum alloy black layer is deposited on the platinum alloy carbon support layer.  
   
   
       51 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 41 , wherein the first thin platinum alloy black layer comprises a appropriately polymers and a plurality of platinum alloy particles linked by the polymers, to form the first thin platinum alloy black layer.  
   
   
       52 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 41 , wherein the platinum alloy carbon support layer comprises a plurality of carbon support particles, a plurality of platinum alloy particles, and a appropriately polymers dispersed on surfaces of the carbon support particles, wherein the carbon support particles are linked by the polymers to form the platinum alloy carbon support layer.  
   
   
       53 . An electrode structure, comprising: 
 a cathodic structure;    an ionic exchange membrane disposed next to the cathodic structure; and    an anodic structure sequentially comprising a first thin platinum alloy black layer disposed next to the ionic exchange membrane, a platinum alloy carbon support layer and a first substrate layer, wherein the platinum alloy carbon support layer comprises one of at least one first platinum alloy carbon support layer and at least one second platinum alloy carbon support layer, and at least one of the at least one first platinum alloy carbon support layer and the at least one second platinum alloy carbon support layer is substantially between 10 to 90 wt %.    
   
   
       54 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 53 , wherein the at least one first platinum alloy carbon support layer is not less than 10 wt %.  
   
   
       55 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 53 , wherein the at least one second platinum alloy carbon support layer is not greater than 90 wt %.  
   
   
       56 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 53  further comprising a non-catalytic carbon support layer disposed between the platinum alloy carbon support layer and the first substrate layer.  
   
   
       57 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 56 , wherein wherein the non-catalytic carbon support layer comprises a plurality of carbon support particles and a appropriately polymers, and the carbon support particles are linked by the polymers to form the non-catalytic carbon support layer.  
   
   
       58 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 57 , wherein the carbon support particles are conductive or anti-corrosive carbon material.  
   
   
       59 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 57 , wherein the first substrate layer comprises carbon paper, carbon cloth, carbon fiber or carbon plate.  
   
   
       60 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 53 , wherein the ionic exchange membrane is made of Nafion®/Nafion® derivatives, non-perfluoro chemicals and derivatives thereof, or hydrocarbon.  
   
   
       61 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 53 , wherein the first thin platinum alloy black layer is deposited on the ionic exchange membrane.  
   
   
       62 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 53 , wherein the first thin platinum alloy black layer is deposited on the platinum alloy carbon support layer.  
   
   
       63 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 53 , wherein the first thin platinum alloy black layer comprises a appropriately polymers and a plurality of platinum alloy particles linked by the polymers, to form the first thin platinum alloy black layer.  
   
   
       64 . The electrode structure as claimed in  claim 53 , wherein the platinum alloy carbon support layer comprises a plurality of carbon support particles, a plurality of platinum alloy particles, and a appropriately polymers dispersed on surfaces of the carbon support particles, wherein the carbon support particles are linked by the polymers to form the platinum alloy carbon support layer.  
   
   
       65 . A power generation fuel cell, comprising: 
 a fuel; and    an electrode structure used to actuate the fuel to generate electricity, comprising: 
 a cathodic structure;  
 an ionic exchange membrane disposed next to the cathodic structure; and  
 an anodic structure sequentially comprising a first thin platinum alloy black layer disposed next to the ionic exchange membrane, a platinum alloy carbon support layer and a first substrate layer.  
   
   
   
       66 . The power generation fuel cell as claimed in  claim 65 , wherein the fuel comprises an organic fuel.  
   
   
       67 . The power generation fuel cell as claimed in  claim 66 , wherein the organic fuel comprises an available fuel containing alcohol, aldehyde or acid.  
   
   
       68 . The power generation fuel cell as claimed in  claim 67 , wherein the available fuel comprises liquid, gel, solid or gaseous types.