Gas-producing mixtures

Abstract

The subject of the present invention is gas-producing agents for gas generators which contain, as nitrogen-containing compound (fuel), a compound from the group tetrazole, triazole, triazine, cyanic acid, urea, their derivatives or salts thereof, as oxidants, compounds from the group of the peroxides, nitrates, chlorates or perchlorates, and also combustion moderators which are capable of influencing, by heterogeneous or homogeneous catalysis, the combustion and its rate, as well as, optionally, additions capable of affecting the proportion of the toxic gases.

1 . Gas-producing composition for gas generators, wherein said gas producing composition comprises: 
 a fuel;    an oxidant;    a combustion moderator; and    an additive capable of reducing nitrogen oxides and/or carbon monoxide, the additive selected from the group consisting of urea, urea derivatives, ferrocene, ferrocene derivatives, or sulphur.    
   
   
       2 . The gas-producing composition of  claim 1  wherein the additive is urea or a derivative thereof.  
   
   
       3 . The gas-producing composition of  claim 1  wherein the additive is ferrocene or a derivative thereof.  
   
   
       4 . The gas-producing composition of  claim 1  wherein the additive is sulphur.  
   
   
       5 . The gas-producing composition of  claim 1  wherein the fuel includes at least one nitrogen-containing compound selected from the group consisting of tetrazole, triazole, triazine, cyanic acid, urea, or their derivatives or their salts, and wherein the additive and the fuel are not the same.  
   
   
       6 . The gas-producing composition of  claim 1  wherein the oxidant includes a combination of zinc peroxide, potassium perchlorate, and at least one nitrate.  
   
   
       7 . The gas-producing composition of  claim 1  wherein the combustion moderator is selected from the group consisting of metals, metal oxides, metal carbonates, metal sulphides, or mixtures thereof.  
   
   
       8 . The gas-producing composition of  claim 1  wherein the combustion moderator is present in an amount up to 8%.  
   
   
       9 . Gas-producing composition for gas generators, wherein said gas producing composition comprises: 
 a fuel;    an oxidant including a combination of zinc peroxide, potassium perchlorate, and at least one nitrate; and    an additive capable of reducing nitrogen oxides and/or carbon monoxide, the additive selected from the group consisting of urea, urea derivatives, ferrocene, ferrocene derivatives, sulphur, or metal sulphides.    
   
   
       10 . The gas-producing composition of  claim 9  wherein the additive is urea or a derivative thereof.  
   
   
       11 . The gas-producing composition of  claim 9  wherein the additive is ferrocene or a derivative thereof.  
   
   
       12 . The gas-producing composition of  claim 9  wherein the additive is sulphur or a metal sulphide.  
   
   
       13 . The gas-producing composition of  claim 9  wherein the fuel includes at least one nitrogen-containing compound selected from the group consisting of tetrazole, triazole, triazine, cyanic acid, urea, or their derivatives or their salts, and wherein the additive and the fuel are not the same.  
   
   
       14 . The gas-producing composition of  claim 9  further including a combustion moderator selected from the group consisting of metals, metal oxides, metal carbonates, metal sulphides, or mixtures thereof.  
   
   
       15 . The gas-producing composition of  claim 14  wherein the combustion moderator is present in an amount up to 8%.  
   
   
       16 . The gas-producing composition of  claim 14  wherein the fuel includes at least one nitrogen-containing compound selected from the group consisting of tetrazole, triazole, triazine, cyanic acid, urea, or their derivatives or their salts, and wherein the additive and the fuel are not the same.  
   
   
       17 . A method for reducing nitrogen oxides and/or carbon monoxide in gas mixtures from pyrotechnic reactions, comprising: 
 carrying out a pyrotechnic reaction of a gas generating substance to generate a gas mixture, the gas generating substance including a fuel, an oxidizer, and an additive capable of reducing nitrogen oxides and/or carbon monoxide, the additive selected from the group consisting of urea, urea derivatives, ferrocene, ferrocene derivatives, or sulphur;    vaporizing the additive by heat released in the pyrotechnic reaction; and    converting nitrogen oxides and/or carbon monoxide in the gas mixture to non-toxic compounds in a gas phase reaction by reaction with the vaporized additive.    
   
   
       18 . The method of  claim 17  wherein the additive is urea or a derivative thereof.  
   
   
       19 . The method of  claim 17  wherein the additive is ferrocene or a derivative thereof.  
   
   
       20 . The method of  claim 17  wherein the additive is sulphur.  
   
   
       21 . The method of  claim 17  wherein the fuel includes at least one nitrogen-containing compound selected from the group consisting of tetrazole, triazole, triazine, cyanic acid, urea, or their derivatives or their salts, and wherein the additive and the fuel are not the same.  
   
   
       22 . The method of  claim 17  wherein the oxidant includes a combination of zinc peroxide, potassium perchlorate, and at least one nitrate.  
   
   
       23 . The method of  claim 17  wherein the combustion moderator is selected from the group consisting of metals, metal oxides, metal carbonates, metal sulphides, or mixtures thereof.  
   
   
       24 . The method of  claim 17  wherein the combustion moderator is present in an amount up to 8%.  
   
   
       25 . A method for reducing nitrogen oxides and/or carbon monoxide in gas mixtures from pyrotechnic reactions, comprising: 
 carrying out a pyrotechnic reaction of a gas generating substance to generate a gas mixture, the gas generating substance including a fuel, an oxidant including a combination of zinc peroxide, potassium perchlorate, and at least one nitrate, a combustion moderator, and an additive capable of reducing nitrogen oxides and/or carbon monoxide, the additive selected from the group consisting of urea, urea derivatives, ferrocene, ferrocene derivatives, sulphur, or metal sulphides;    vaporizing the additive by heat released in the pyrotechnic reaction; and    converting nitrogen oxides and/or carbon monoxide in the gas mixture to non-toxic compounds in a gas phase reaction by reaction with the vaporized additive.    
   
   
       26 . The method of  claim 25  wherein the additive is urea or a derivative thereof.  
   
   
       27 . The method of  claim 25  wherein the additive is ferrocene or a derivative thereof.  
   
   
       28 . The method of  claim 25  wherein the additive is sulphur or a metal sulphide.  
   
   
       29 . The method of  claim 25  wherein the fuel includes at least one nitrogen-containing compound selected from the group consisting of tetrazole, triazole, triazine, cyanic acid, urea, or their derivatives or their salts, and wherein the additive and the fuel are not the same.  
   
   
       30 . The method of  claim 25  further including a combustion moderator selected from the group consisting of metals, metal oxides, metal carbonates, metal sulphides, or mixtures thereof.  
   
   
       31 . The method of  claim 30  wherein the combustion moderator is present in an amount up to 8%.  
   
   
       32 . The method of  claim 30  wherein the fuel includes at least one nitrogen-containing compound selected from the group consisting of tetrazole, triazole, triazine, cyanic acid, urea, or their derivatives or their salts, and wherein the additive and the fuel are not the same.  
   
   
       33 . Gas-producing composition for gas generators, wherein said gas-producing composition comprises: 
 a) as fuel, at least one nitrogen-containing compound selected from the group consisting of tetrazole, triazole, triazine, cyanic acid, urea, and their derivatives or their salts;    b) as oxidant, a combination of zinc peroxide, potassium perchlorate and at least one nitrate.    
   
   
       34 . Gas-producing composition according to  claim 33 , wherein said nitrogen-containing compound is one or more tetrazole derivatives of the formulae IA or IB:  
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 1  and R 2  or R 3  are identical or different and are hydrogen, hydroxy, amino, carboxy, an alkyl residue of 1-7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl residue of 2-7 carbon atoms, an alkylamino residue of 1-10 carbon atoms, an aryl residue, an arylamino residue, a substituted aryl residue or a substituted arylamino residue, the substituted aryl residue or substituted arylamino residue being substituted by one or several substituents which are identical or different, and which are selected from the group consisting of an amino group, a nitro group and an alkyl group of 1-4 carbon atoms or a sodium, a potassium or a guanidinium salt of said tetrazole or tetrazole derivative.  
   
   
       35 . Gas-producing composition according to  claim 34 , wherein R 1 , is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, amino, hydroxy, carboxyl, a methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, methylamino, ethylamino, dimethylamino, n-heptylamino, n-octylamino, n-decylamino, tetrazole, phenylamino, phenyl, nitrophenyl, and aminophenyl; and R 2  or R 3  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a methyl, ethyl, phenyl, nitrophenyl, and aminophenyl radical.  
   
   
       36 . Gas-producing composition according to  claim 33 , wherein the nitrogen-containing compound is a tetrazole derivative selected from the group consisting of 5-aminotetrazole; lithium, sodium, potassium, zinc, magnesium, strontium or calcium 5-aminotetrazolate; 5-aminotetrazole nitrate, sulphate, or perchlorate; 1-(4-aminophenyl)-tetrazole, 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-tetrazole, 1-methyl-5-dimethylaminotetrazole, 1-methyl-5-methylamino-tetrazole, 1-methyltetrazole, 1-phenyl-5-aminotetrazole, 1-phenyl-5-hydroxytetrazole, 1-phenyltetrazole, 2-ethyl-5-aminotetrazole, 2-methyl-5-aminotetrazole, 2-methyl-5-carboxyltetrazole, 2-methyl-5-methylaminotetrazole, 2-methyltetrazole, 2-phenyltetrazole, 5-(p-tolyl)tetrazole, 5-diallylaminotetrazole, 5-dimethylaminotetrazole, 5-ethylaminotetrazole, 5-hydroxytetrazole, 5-methyltetrazole, 5-methylaminotetrazole, 5-n-decylaminotetrazole, 5-n-heptylaminotetrazole, 5-n-octylaminotetrazole, 5-phenyltetrazole, 5-phenylaminotetrazole, bis-(aminoguanidine)-azotetrazole and diguanidinium-5,5′-azo-tetrazolate, 5,5′-bitetrazole and 5,5′-bi-1H-tetrazoleammonium compounds.  
   
   
       37 . Gas-producing composition according to  claim 33 , wherein as triazine derivatives, 1,3,5-triazine, as triazole derivatives, 1,2,4-triazole-5-one, 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one, as cyanic acid derivatives, sodium cyanate, cyanuric acid, cyanuric acid esters, cyanuric acid amide (melamine), 1-cyanoguanidine, sodium dicyanamide, disodium cyanamide, dicyanodiamidine nitrate, dicyanodiamidine sulphate, and as urea derivatives biuret, guanidine, nitroguanidine, guanidine nitrate, aminoguanidine, aminoguanidine nitrate, thiourea, triaminoguanidine nitrate, aminoguanidine hydrogen carbonate, azodicarbonamide, tetracene, semicarbazide nitrate, urethanes, and ureides, and derivatives thereof.  
   
   
       38 . Gas-producing composition according to  claim 33 , wherein the ratio of the oxidants in the gas-producing mixture is 1:2:10, with a total content of 60% by wt.  
   
   
       39 . Gas-producing composition according to  claim 33 , wherein the ratio of the nitrogen-containing compound to the oxidants is balanced such that on combustion of the gas-producing composition, oxygen is formed in excess.  
   
   
       40 . Gas-producing composition according to  claim 33 , wherein the composition further contains a combustion moderator in an amount up to 8%.  
   
   
       41 . Gas-producing composition according to  claim 33 , wherein the composition further contains a combustion moderator selected from the group consisting of metals, metal oxides, metal carbonates, metal sulphides, and mixtures thereof.  
   
   
       42 . Gas-producing composition according to  claim 33 , wherein the composition further contains a combustion moderator selected from the group consisting of sulphur, ferrocene and its derivatives.  
   
   
       43 . Gas-producing composition according to  claim 33 , wherein the composition further contains an addition capable of reducing the content of the noxious gases nitrogen oxides and/or carbon monoxide.  
   
   
       44 . Gas-producing composition according to  claim 33 , wherein said gas-producing composition further comprises an additional substance selected from the group consisting of combustion moderators, noble metals, mixtures of these compounds, basically reacting substances selected from the group consisting of oxides, hydroxides, carbonates of alkali and alkaline earth metals, zinc, mixtures of these compounds, urea, guanidine compounds having NH 2  groups selected from the group consisting of amidosulphonic acids, amido complexes, amides, and mixtures of these compounds.  
   
   
       45 . Gas-producing composition according to  claim 33 , wherein the amount of additions is about 10% by wt. in the charge and up to 75% by wt. in the outlet passages, the amounts being based on the gas charge.  
   
   
       46 . Gas-producing composition for gas generators comprising nitrogen-containing compounds, wherein said gas-producing composition comprises: 
 a) as nitrogen-containing compound, a combination of aminotetrazole and calcium, magnesium or zinc salts, of aminotetrazole;    b) as oxidant, at least three compounds selected from the group consisting of peroxides, nitrates, chlorates and perchlorates; and    c) combustion moderators which are capable of influencing combustion and its rate by heterogeneous or homogeneous catalysis selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide and carbonates of zinc and calcium.    
   
   
       47 . Gas-producing composition for gas generators, comprising nitrogen-containing compounds, wherein said gas-producing composition comprises: 
 a) as nitrogen-containing compound (fuel), urea, its salts, its derivatives and their salts, biuret, guanidine, nitroguanidine, guanidine nitrate, aminoguanidine, aminoguanidine nitrate, thiourea, triaminoguanidine nitrate, aminoguanidine hydrogen carbonate, azodicarbonamide, dicyanodiamidine nitrate, dicyanodiamidine sulphate, tetracene and/or semicarbazide nitrate, urethanes, ureides, and their derivatives;    b) as oxidants, at least two compounds from the group of peroxides, nitrates, chlorates or perchlorates;    c) combustion moderators selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide and carbonates of zinc and calcium, the combustion moderator being capable of influencing the combustion and its rate by heterogeneous or homogeneous catalysis.    
   
   
       48 . Gas-producing composition according to  claim 47 , wherein as oxidants: 
 peroxides of alkali and alkaline earth metals, zinc peroxide, and peroxodisulphates of the said elements and ammonium peroxodisulphate, or mixtures of these compounds;    ammonium nitrate, nitrates of alkali and alkaline earth metals, in particular lithium nitrate, or mixtures of these compounds;    halogen oxycompounds of alkali or alkaline earth metals or of ammonium, or mixtures of these compounds,    wherein the combustion moderator is present an amount up to 8%.    
   
   
       49 . Gas-producing composition according to  claim 46 , wherein as oxidants: 
 peroxides of alkali and alkaline earth metals, zinc peroxide, and peroxodisulphates of the said elements and ammonium peroxodisulphate, or mixtures of these compounds;    ammonium nitrate, nitrates of alkali and alkaline earth metals, in particular lithium nitrate, or mixtures of these compounds;    halogen oxycompounds of alkali or alkaline earth metals or of ammonium, or mixtures of these compounds,    wherein the combustion moderator is present an amount up to 8%.    
   
   
       50 . The gas-producing composition according to  claim 33 , further comprising additions which are capable of reducing the proportion of toxic gases.  
   
   
       51 . The gas-producing composition according to  claim 34 , wherein said at least one nitrate is sodium nitrate or strontium nitrate.  
   
   
       52 . The gas-producing composition according to  claim 41 , wherein the metals are selected from the group consisting of boron, silicon, copper, iron, titanium, zinc and molybdenum.  
   
   
       53 . The gas-producing composition according to  claim 44 , wherein the noble metal is selected from the group consisting of palladium, ruthenium, rhenium, platinum, rhodium and oxides of the noble metals.  
   
   
       54 . The gas-producing composition according to  claim 46 , wherein the aminotetrazone and salts of aminotetrazole are a combination of 5-aminotetrazole and salts of 5-aminotetrazole.  
   
   
       55 . The gas-producing composition of  claim 33 , wherein the at least one nitrate is sodium nitrate or strontium nitrate.