Method of constructing a building, such building, and wall and floor elements for use therein

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of constructing a building, comprising the step of providing a skeleton for a building wall of the building. The skeleton includes at least upright building elements such as columns or dividing walls. At least one lightweight, heat insulating and fire retarding wall element is placed between each adjacent pair of said columns. The columns are covered to provide substantially closed wall surfaces. The wall surfaces are covered with a covering layer having properties so as to provide fire-resistance to the complete wall. The covering layer on the inside wall surface may include a base layer of modified resin mortar, and a top layer of plaster mortar. The covering layer on the outside wall surface may include a base layer of modified resin mortar and a top layer of mineral mortar. Lightweight, heat insulating floor elements are placed and interconnected, and supported if necessary, and thereafter structural fill-material, such as concrete, is poured onto the floor elements to form a floor. The invention also includes a building, and wall and floor elements.

1 . A method of constructing a building, comprising the following steps in a suitable order: 
 providing a skeleton for the building, said skeleton including at least upright building elements,    placing at least one, lightweight, heat insulating and fire retarding wall element between each adjacent pair of said upright building elements,    covering said upright building elements at least on the outside to provide at least a substantially closed outer wall surface, and    covering the inner and outer wall surfaces with a covering layer having properties so as to provide at least fire-resistance to the complete wall.    
   
   
       2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the upright building elements are prefabricated columns which are positioned before the wall elements are placed, adjacent wall elements preferably abutting to form a closed wall surface, in particular on the outside of the building.  
   
   
       3 . The method of  claim 2 , and further comprising placing inserts adjacent to the columns to fill any gap between the columns and the wall elements.  
   
   
       4 . The method of  claim 1 , and further comprising positioning column reinforcements and wall elements such that the wall around each reinforcement is closed to form a formwork, and pouring structural fill-material is poured in the formwork to form the column.  
   
   
       5 . The method of  claim 1 , and further comprising placing and interconnecting lightweight, heat insulating floor elements, and pouring structural fill-material onto the floor elements to form a floor.  
   
   
       6 . The method of  claim 1 , and further comprising after the outer walls have been constructed, processing the walls to form openings and/or recesses in the walls.  
   
   
       7 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the upright building elements are dividing walls between adjacent building spaces, the lightweight wall elements spanning the space between the dividing walls.  
   
   
       8 . The method of  claim 7 , and further comprising attaching auxiliary columns to the building skeleton and are integrated in the wall elements.  
   
   
       9 . A building, comprising: 
 a skeleton for a building wall of the building, said skeleton including at least upright building elements,    at least one lightweight, heat insulating fire retarding wall element between each adjacent pair of said upright building elements,    a covering layer on each side of said wall elements and at least externally of the upright building elements to provide substantially closed wall surfaces, said covering layer having properties so as to provide at least fire-resistance to the complete wall.    
   
   
       10 . The building of  claim 9 , wherein the covering layer includes a reinforcement layer.  
   
   
       11 . The building of  claim 9 , wherein the covering layer on the inside wall surface includes a base layer of modified resin mortar and a top layer, andthe covering layer on the outside wall surface includes a base layer of modified resin mortar and a top layer.  
   
   
       12 . The building of  claim 11 , wherein the top layer on the inside wall surface includes plaster mortar.  
   
   
       13 . The building of  claim 11 , wherein the top layer on the outside wall surface includes mineral mortar.  
   
   
       14 . The building of  claim 11 , wherein the reinforcement layer on the inside wall surface is accommodated in the top layer, while the reinforcement layer on the outside wall surface is accommodated in the base layer.  
   
   
       15 . The building of  claim 9 , wherein openings are provided between the upright building elements, said openings being closed by doors and/or windows.  
   
   
       16 . The building of claims  9 , and further comprising a floor, constructed from interconnected lightweight insulating fire retarding floor elements and structural fill-material concrete poured onto the floor elements.  
   
   
       17 . A wall element for use in a building according to  claim 9 , wherein the wall element is constructed of lightweight insulating fire retarding material, and wherein the wall element has a thickness of ca. 200-400 mm and is substantially rectangular having a length and width of more than 2 m.  
   
   
       18 . The wall element according to  claim 17 , wherein the wall element is provided on at least two opposite edges with a rim extending laterally from the wall element and being flush with one side of the wall element.  
   
   
       19 . The wall element of  claim 18 , wherein all edges of the wall elements have a stepped configuration including at least two steps.  
   
   
       20 . A floor element for use in a building, which is constructed of lightweight insulating fire retarding material, including in cross section, a lower rim portion and an upper smaller trapezoid portion.