US2007026833A1PendingUtilityA1

Method, apparatus and computer program product providing widely linear interference cancellation for multi-carrier systems

Assignee: NOKIA CORPPriority: Aug 1, 2005Filed: Jul 31, 2006Published: Feb 1, 2007
Est. expiryAug 1, 2025(expired)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
H04L 27/26524H04L 27/2647H04L 25/03299
44
PatentIndex Score
0
Cited by
0
References
0
Claims

Abstract

A method is provided. The method includes: receiving a multi-carrier signal that includes a plurality of subcarriers; and performing widely linear (WL) processing on the received signal.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
1 . A method comprising: 
 receiving a multi-carrier signal comprising a plurality of subcarriers; and    performing widely linear (WL) processing on the received signal.    
   
   
       2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the multi-carrier signal comprises an orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signal.  
   
   
       3 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the received multi-carrier signal comprises a signal modulated using conjugate symmetric modulation.  
   
   
       4 . The method of  claim 3 , wherein a time domain received signal in baseband form is denoted as:  
     
       

       y 
       k 
       =h 
       k 
       ⊕s 
       k 
       +n 
       k  

     
     and wherein in-phase and quadrature parts of the received signal are collected and stacked in vector format as:  
     
       
         
           
             
               [ 
               
                 
                   
                     
                       ℜ 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         y 
                         k 
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                       ?? 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         y 
                         k 
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               ] 
             
             = 
             
               
                 
                   [ 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           ℜ 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             h 
                             k 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         
                           ?? 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             h 
                             k 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   ] 
                 
                 ⊗ 
                 
                   s 
                   k 
                 
               
               + 
               
                 [ 
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         ℜ 
                         ⁢ 
                         
                             
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           n 
                           k 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   
                     
                       
                         ?? 
                         ⁢ 
                         
                             
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           n 
                           k 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 ] 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     which has a vector form:  
         {tilde over (y)}   k   ={tilde over (h)}   k   ⊕s   k   +ñ   k .  
   
   
       5 . The method of  claim 4 , wherein a frequency domain received signal is denoted as:  
         {tilde over (y)} ( f   k )= {tilde over (h)} ( f   k ) x ( f   k )+ ñ ( f   k ),  
     wherein elements of the denoted frequency domain received signal are complex valued and exhibit conjugate symmetry, wherein an information carrying symbols pair [x(f k ),x*(N−f k )] is combined using an un-biased minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) scheme such that:  
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 z 
                 ⁡ 
                 
                   ( 
                   
                     f 
                     k 
                   
                   ) 
                 
               
               = 
               
                 
                   
                     1 
                     2 
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     
                       
                         h 
                         ~ 
                       
                       † 
                     
                     ⁡ 
                     
                       ( 
                       
                         f 
                         k 
                       
                       ) 
                     
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     
                       
                         R 
                         
                           
                             n 
                             ~ 
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             n 
                             ~ 
                           
                         
                         
                           - 
                           1 
                         
                       
                       ⁡ 
                       
                         ( 
                         
                           f 
                           k 
                         
                         ) 
                       
                     
                     ⁡ 
                     
                       [ 
                       
                         
                           
                             y 
                             ~ 
                           
                           ⁡ 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               f 
                               k 
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                         + 
                         
                           
                             
                               y 
                               ~ 
                             
                             * 
                           
                           ⁡ 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               N 
                               - 
                               
                                 f 
                                 k 
                               
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                       
                       ] 
                     
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   for 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   k 
                 
                 = 
                 1 
               
             
             , 
             … 
             ⁢ 
             
                 
             
             , 
             
               
                 N 
                 2 
               
               - 
               1 
             
           
         
       
     
     where MMSE weights are applied after combing conjugate symmetric parts.  
   
   
       6 . The method of  claim 3 , wherein WL filtering is applied to complex and complex-conjugate replicas such that:  
           y   ( f   k )=   h   ( f   k ) x ( f   k )+   n   ( f   k )  
     where  
           y   ( f   k )≅[ y ( f   k ), y *( N−f   k )]′,    h   ( f   k )≅[ h ( f   k ), h *( N−f   k )]′,    n   ( f   k )≅[ n ( f   k ), n *( N−f   k )]′.  
   
   
       7 . The method of  claim 6 , wherein a conjugate symmetric symbol pair [x(f k ), x*(N−f k )] is combined such that:  
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   z 
                   _ 
                 
                 ⁡ 
                 
                   ( 
                   
                     f 
                     k 
                   
                   ) 
                 
               
               = 
               
                 
                   
                     1 
                     2 
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     
                       
                         h 
                         ~ 
                       
                       † 
                     
                     ⁡ 
                     
                       ( 
                       
                         f 
                         k 
                       
                       ) 
                     
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     
                       R 
                       
                         
                           n 
                           ~ 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           n 
                           ~ 
                         
                       
                       
                         - 
                         1 
                       
                     
                     ⁡ 
                     
                       ( 
                       
                         f 
                         k 
                       
                       ) 
                     
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     
                       y 
                       _ 
                     
                     ⁡ 
                     
                       ( 
                       
                         f 
                         k 
                       
                       ) 
                     
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   for 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   k 
                 
                 = 
                 1 
               
             
             , 
             … 
             ⁢ 
             
                 
             
             , 
             
               
                 N 
                 2 
               
               - 
               1 
             
             , 
           
         
       
     
     where R   n   n     −1 (f k ) denotes a WL noise correlation matrix and  z (f k ) denotes a scalar decision variable used to generate bit wise soft decisions.  
   
   
       8 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the received multi-carrier signal comprises a signal modulated using Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM).  
   
   
       9 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein the WL processing comprises a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), wherein an output of the DFT comprises:  
         y ( f   k )= h ( f   k ) a ( f   k )+ n ( f   k ),  
     wherein in-phase and quadrature parts of the received signal are collected such that:  
     
       
         
           
             
               [ 
               
                 
                   
                     
                       ℜ 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         y 
                         ⁡ 
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             f 
                             k 
                           
                           ) 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                       ?? 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         y 
                         ⁡ 
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             f 
                             k 
                           
                           ) 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               ] 
             
             = 
             
               
                 
                   [ 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           ℜ 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             h 
                             ⁡ 
                             
                               ( 
                               
                                 f 
                                 k 
                               
                               ) 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         
                           ?? 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             h 
                             ⁡ 
                             
                               ( 
                               
                                 f 
                                 k 
                               
                               ) 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   ] 
                 
                 ⁢ 
                 
                   s 
                   k 
                 
               
               + 
               
                 [ 
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         ℜ 
                         ⁢ 
                         
                             
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           n 
                           ⁡ 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               f 
                               k 
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   
                     
                       
                         ?? 
                         ⁢ 
                         
                             
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           n 
                           ⁡ 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               f 
                               k 
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 ] 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     which has a compact vector form:  
         {hacek over (y)} ( f   k )= {hacek over (h)} ( f   k ) a ( f   k )+ {hacek over (n)} ( f   k ).  
   
   
       10 . The method of  claim 9 , wherein linear minimum mean squared error (LMMSE) symbol estimates are provided such that:  
         {hacek over (z)} ( f   k )= {hacek over (h)} †( f   k ) R   {hacek over (n)}{hacek over (n)}   −1 ( f   k ) {hacek over (y)} ( f   k ).  
   
   
       11 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the received multi-carrier signal comprises a signal modulated using Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM).  
   
   
       12 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein the WL processing comprises a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), wherein a frequency domain output of the DFT comprises:  
         y ( f   k )= h ( f   k ) b ( f   k )+ n ( f   k ),  
     wherein in-phase and quadrature parts of the received signal in a frequency domain are collected such that:  
     
       
         
           
             
               [ 
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         y 
                         I 
                       
                       ⁡ 
                       
                         ( 
                         
                           f 
                           k 
                         
                         ) 
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         y 
                         Q 
                       
                       ⁡ 
                       
                         ( 
                         
                           f 
                           k 
                         
                         ) 
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               ] 
             
             = 
             
               
                 
                   [ 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             h 
                             I 
                           
                           ⁡ 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               f 
                               k 
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           - 
                           
                             
                               h 
                               Q 
                             
                             ⁡ 
                             
                               ( 
                               
                                 f 
                                 k 
                               
                               ) 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             h 
                             Q 
                           
                           ⁡ 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               f 
                               k 
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           
                             h 
                             I 
                           
                           ⁡ 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               f 
                               k 
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   ] 
                 
                 ⁡ 
                 
                   [ 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             b 
                             I 
                           
                           ⁡ 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               f 
                               k 
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             b 
                             Q 
                           
                           ⁡ 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               f 
                               k 
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   ] 
                 
               
               + 
               
                 [ 
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           n 
                           I 
                         
                         ⁡ 
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             f 
                             k 
                           
                           ) 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           n 
                           Q 
                         
                         ⁡ 
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             f 
                             k 
                           
                           ) 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 ] 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     which has a vector-matrix form:  
           y   ( f   k )=   H   ( f   k )   b   ( f   k )+   n   ( f   k ).  
   
   
       13 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein QAM symbols are recovered using a ML/MAP decoder that minimizes a distance term, wherein the distance term comprises:  
         d ( f   k )=   e   ( f   k ) R     nn     −1 ( f   k )   e   ( f   k ),  
     wherein the candidate symbol  e (f k ) comprises:  
           e   ( f   k )=   y   ( f   k )−   H   ( f   k )   {circumflex over (b)}   ( f   k )  
   
   
       14 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein performing widely linear (WL) processing on the received signal comprises: 
 splitting the received signal into a real part and an imaginary part;    applying a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) to the real part and the imaginary part, wherein outputs of the DFT comprise an in-phase branch signal and a quadrature branch signal;    applying a whitening filter to the in-phase branch signal and the quadrature branch signal; and    demodulating an output of the whitening filter.    
   
   
       15 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein the whitening filter comprises a pre-whitening filter utilizing Choleski factorization of a noise correlation matrix.  
   
   
       16 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein performing widely linear (WL) processing on the received signal comprises: 
 applying a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) to the received signal;    splitting an output of the DFT into a real part and an imaginary part;    applying a whitening filter to the real part and the imaginary part; and    demodulating an output of the whitening filter.    
   
   
       17 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein performing widely linear (WL) processing on the received signal comprises: 
 applying a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) to the received signal, wherein outputs of the DFT comprise a complex part of the signal and a complex-conjugate part of the signal;    applying a conjugate symmetry operation to the complex part and the complex-conjugate part;    applying a whitening filter to outputs of the conjugate symmetry operation; and    demodulating an output of the whitening filter.    
   
   
       18 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein performing widely linear (WL) processing on the received signal comprises: 
 applying a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) to the received signal,    splitting an output of the DFT into a complex part of the signal and a complex-conjugate part of the signal;    applying a conjugate symmetry operation to the complex part and the complex-conjugate part;    applying a whitening filter to outputs of the conjugate symmetry operation; and    demodulating an output of the whitening filter.    
   
   
       19 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the multi-carrier signal comprises one of an Ultra-Wideband (UWB) signal or a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) signal.  
   
   
       20 . A computer program product comprising program instructions embodied on a tangible computer-readable medium, execution of the program instructions resulting in operations comprising: 
 inputting a received multi-carrier signal comprising a plurality of subcarriers; and    performing widely linear (WL) processing on the received signal.    
   
   
       21 . The computer program product of  claim 20 , wherein the multi-carrier signal comprises a signal modulated using conjugate symmetric modulation, wherein a time domain received signal in baseband form is denoted as:  
         y   k   =h   k   ⊕s   k   +n   k ,  
     wherein in-phase and quadrature parts of the received signal are collected and stacked in vector format as:  
     
       
         
           
             
               [ 
               
                 
                   
                     
                       ℜ 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         y 
                         k 
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                       ?? 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         y 
                         k 
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               ] 
             
             = 
             
               
                 
                   [ 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           ℜ 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             h 
                             k 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         
                           ?? 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             h 
                             k 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   ] 
                 
                 ⊗ 
                 
                   s 
                   k 
                 
               
               + 
               
                 [ 
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         ℜ 
                         ⁢ 
                         
                             
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           n 
                           k 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   
                     
                       
                         ?? 
                         ⁢ 
                         
                             
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           n 
                           k 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 ] 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     which has a vector form:  
         {tilde over (y)}   k   ={tilde over (h)}   k   ⊕s   k   +ñ   k .  
   
   
       22 . The computer program product of  claim 21 , wherein a frequency domain received signal is denoted as:  
         {tilde over (y)} ( f   k )= {tilde over (h)} ( f   k ) x ( f   k )+ ñ ( f   k ),  
     wherein elements of the denoted frequency domain received signal are complex valued and exhibit conjugate symmetry, wherein an information carrying symbols pair [x(f k ),x*(N−f k )] is combined using an un-biased minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) scheme such that:  
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 z 
                 ⁡ 
                 
                   ( 
                   
                     f 
                     k 
                   
                   ) 
                 
               
               = 
               
                 
                   
                     1 
                     2 
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     
                       
                         h 
                         ~ 
                       
                       † 
                     
                     ⁡ 
                     
                       ( 
                       
                         f 
                         k 
                       
                       ) 
                     
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     
                       
                         R 
                         
                           
                             n 
                             ~ 
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             n 
                             ~ 
                           
                         
                         
                           - 
                           1 
                         
                       
                       ⁡ 
                       
                         ( 
                         
                           f 
                           k 
                         
                         ) 
                       
                     
                     ⁡ 
                     
                       [ 
                       
                         
                           
                             y 
                             ~ 
                           
                           ⁡ 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               f 
                               k 
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                         + 
                         
                           
                             
                               y 
                               ~ 
                             
                             * 
                           
                           ⁡ 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               N 
                               - 
                               
                                 f 
                                 k 
                               
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                       
                       ] 
                     
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   for 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   k 
                 
                 = 
                 1 
               
             
             , 
             … 
             ⁢ 
             
                 
             
             , 
             
               
                 N 
                 2 
               
               - 
               1 
             
           
         
       
     
     where MMSE weights are applied after combing conjugate symmetric parts.  
   
   
       23 . The computer program product of  claim 20 , wherein the multi-carrier signal comprises a signal modulated using conjugate symmetric modulation, wherein WL filtering is applied to complex and complex-conjugate replicas such that:  
           y   ( f   k )=   h   ( f   k ) x ( f   k )+   n   ( f   k )  
     where  
           y   ( f   k )≅[ y ( f   k ), y *( N−f   k )]′,    h   ( f   k )≅[ h ( f   k ), h *( N−f   k )]′,    n   ( f   k )≅[ n ( f   k ), n *( N−f   k )]′.  
   
   
       24 . The computer program product of  claim 23 , wherein a conjugate symmetric symbol pair [x(f k ), x*(N−f k )] is combined such that:  
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   z 
                   _ 
                 
                 ⁢ 
                 
                     
                 
                 ⁢ 
                 
                   ( 
                   
                     f 
                     
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       k 
                     
                   
                   ) 
                 
               
               = 
               
                 
                   
                     1 
                     
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       2 
                     
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         h 
                         
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           _ 
                         
                       
                     
                     
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       † 
                     
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     ( 
                     
                       f 
                       
                         
                             
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         k 
                       
                     
                     ) 
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     R 
                     
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         
                           n 
                           
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             _ 
                           
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                             
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           n 
                           
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             _ 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     
                       - 
                       1 
                     
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     ( 
                     
                       f 
                       
                         
                             
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         k 
                       
                     
                     ) 
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     y 
                     
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       _ 
                     
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     ( 
                     
                       f 
                       
                         
                             
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         k 
                       
                     
                     ) 
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   for 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   k 
                 
                 = 
                 1 
               
             
             , 
             … 
             ⁢ 
             
                 
             
             , 
             
               
                 N 
                 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   2 
                 
               
               ⁢ 
               
                   
               
               - 
               
                   
               
               ⁢ 
               1 
             
             , 
           
         
       
     
     where R   n   n     −1 (f k ) denotes a WL noise correlation matrix and  z (f k ) denotes a scalar decision variable used to generate bit wise soft decisions.  
   
   
       25 . The computer program product of  claim 20 , wherein the multi-carrier signal comprises a signal modulated using Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM), wherein the WL processing comprises a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), wherein an output of the DFT comprises:  
         y ( f   k )= h ( f   k ) a ( f   k )+ n ( f   k ),  
     wherein in-phase and quadrature parts of the received signal are collected such that:  
     
       
         
           
             
               [ 
               
                 
                   
                     
                       ℜ 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         y 
                         ⁡ 
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             f 
                             k 
                           
                           ) 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                       ?? 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         y 
                         ⁡ 
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             f 
                             k 
                           
                           ) 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               ] 
             
             = 
             
               
                 
                   [ 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           ℜ 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             h 
                             ⁡ 
                             
                               ( 
                               
                                 f 
                                 k 
                               
                               ) 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         
                           ?? 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             h 
                             ⁡ 
                             
                               ( 
                               
                                 f 
                                 k 
                               
                               ) 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   ] 
                 
                 ⁢ 
                 
                     
                 
                 ⁢ 
                 
                   s 
                   k 
                 
               
               + 
               
                 [ 
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         ℜ 
                         ⁢ 
                         
                             
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           n 
                           ⁡ 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               f 
                               k 
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   
                     
                       
                         ?? 
                         ⁢ 
                         
                             
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           n 
                           ⁡ 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               f 
                               k 
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 ] 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     which has a compact vector form:  
         {hacek over (y)} ( f   k )= {hacek over (h)} ( f   k ) a ( f   k )+ {hacek over (n)} ( f   k ).  
   
   
       26 . The computer program product of  claim 25 , wherein linear minimum mean squared error (LMMSE) symbol estimates are provided such that:  
         {hacek over (z)} ( f   k )= {hacek over (h)} †( f   k ) R   {hacek over (n)}{hacek over (n)}   −1 ( f   k ) {hacek over (y)} ( f   k ).  
   
   
       27 . The computer program product of  claim 20 , wherein the multi-carrier signal comprises a signal modulated using Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), wherein the WL processing comprises a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), wherein a frequency domain output of the DFT comprises:  
         y ( f   k )= h ( f   k ) b ( f   k )+ n ( f   k ),  
     wherein in-phase and quadrature parts of the received signal in a frequency domain are collected such that:  
     
       
         
           
             
               [ 
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         y 
                         I 
                       
                       ⁡ 
                       
                         ( 
                         
                           f 
                           k 
                         
                         ) 
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         y 
                         Q 
                       
                       ⁡ 
                       
                         ( 
                         
                           f 
                           k 
                         
                         ) 
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               ] 
             
             = 
             
               
                 
                   [ 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             h 
                             I 
                           
                           ⁡ 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               f 
                               k 
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           - 
                           
                             
                               h 
                               Q 
                             
                             ⁡ 
                             
                               ( 
                               
                                 f 
                                 k 
                               
                               ) 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             h 
                             Q 
                           
                           ⁡ 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               f 
                               k 
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           
                             h 
                             I 
                           
                           ⁡ 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               f 
                               k 
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   ] 
                 
                 ⁡ 
                 
                   [ 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             b 
                             I 
                           
                           ⁡ 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               f 
                               k 
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             b 
                             Q 
                           
                           ⁡ 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               f 
                               k 
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   ] 
                 
               
               + 
               
                 [ 
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           n 
                           I 
                         
                         ⁡ 
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             f 
                             k 
                           
                           ) 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           n 
                           Q 
                         
                         ⁡ 
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             f 
                             k 
                           
                           ) 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 ] 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     which has a vector-matrix form:  
           y   ( f   k )=   H   ( f   k )   b   ( f   k )+   n   ( f   k ).  
   
   
       28 . The computer program product of  claim 27 , wherein QAM symbols are recovered using a ML/MAP decoder that minimizes a distance term, wherein the distance term comprises:  
         d ( f   k )=   e   ( f   k ) R     nn     −1 ( f   k )   e   ( f   k ),  
     wherein the candidate symbol  e (f k ) comprises:  
           e   ( f   k )=   y   ( f   k )−   H   ( f   k )   {circumflex over (b)}   ( f   k ).  
   
   
       29 . An electronic device comprising: 
 a multi-carrier radio frequency receiver having an input for coupling to at least one antenna;    a signal processing block coupled to an output of the receiver, wherein the signal processing block comprises a widely linear (WL) signal processing unit operable to demodulate a received multi-carrier signal; and    a decoder having an input coupled to an output of the signal processing block.    
   
   
       30 . The electronic device of  claim 29 , wherein the signal processing block comprises: 
 a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) having an input coupled to an output of the receiver;    a whitening filter having an input coupled to an output of the DFT; and    a demodulator having an input coupled to an output of the whitening filter and an output coupled to an input of the decoder.    
   
   
       31 . The electronic device of  claim 29 , wherein the multi-carrier signal comprises a signal modulated using conjugate symmetric modulation, wherein a time domain received signal in baseband form is denoted as:  
         y   k   =h   k   ⊕s   k   +n   k ,  
     wherein in-phase and quadrature parts of the received signal (are collected and stacked in vector format as:  
     
       
         
           
             
               [ 
               
                 
                   
                     
                       ℜ 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         y 
                         k 
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                       ?? 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         y 
                         k 
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               ] 
             
             = 
             
               
                 
                   [ 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           ℜ 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             h 
                             k 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         
                           ?? 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             h 
                             k 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   ] 
                 
                 ⁢ 
                 
                     
                 
                 ⊗ 
                 
                   s 
                   k 
                 
               
               + 
               
                 [ 
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         ℜ 
                         ⁢ 
                         
                             
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           n 
                           k 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   
                     
                       
                         ?? 
                         ⁢ 
                         
                             
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           n 
                           k 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 ] 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     which has a vector form:  
         {tilde over (y)}   k   ={tilde over (h)}   k   ⊕s   k   +ñ   k .  
   
   
       32 . The electronic device of  claim 29 , wherein the multi-carrier signal comprises a signal modulated using Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM), wherein the WL signal processing unit comprises a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), wherein an output of the DFT comprises:  
         y ( f   k )= h ( f   k ) a ( f   k )+ n ( f   k ),  
     wherein in-phase and quadrature parts of the received signal are collected such that:  
     
       
         
           
             
               [ 
               
                 
                   
                     
                       ℜ 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         y 
                         ⁡ 
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             f 
                             k 
                           
                           ) 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                       ?? 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         y 
                         ⁡ 
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             f 
                             k 
                           
                           ) 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               ] 
             
             = 
             
               
                 
                   [ 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           ℜ 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             h 
                             ⁡ 
                             
                               ( 
                               
                                 f 
                                 k 
                               
                               ) 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         
                           ?? 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             h 
                             ⁡ 
                             
                               ( 
                               
                                 f 
                                 k 
                               
                               ) 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   ] 
                 
                 ⁢ 
                 
                     
                 
                 ⁢ 
                 
                   s 
                   k 
                 
               
               + 
               
                 [ 
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         ℜ 
                         ⁢ 
                         
                             
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           n 
                           ⁡ 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               f 
                               k 
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   
                     
                       
                         ?? 
                         ⁢ 
                         
                             
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           n 
                           ⁡ 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               f 
                               k 
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 ] 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     which has a compact vector form:  
         {hacek over (y)} ( f   k )= {hacek over (h)} ( f   k ) a ( f   k )+ {hacek over (n)} ( f   k ).  
   
   
       33 . The electronic device of  claim 29 , wherein the multi-carrier signal comprises a signal modulated using Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), wherein the WL signal processing unit comprises a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), wherein a frequency domain output of the DFT comprises:  
         y ( f   k )= h ( f   k ) b ( f   k )+ n ( f   k ),  
     wherein in-phase and quadrature parts of the received signal in a frequency domain are collected such that:  
     
       
         
           
             
               [ 
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         y 
                         I 
                       
                       ⁡ 
                       
                         ( 
                         
                           f 
                           k 
                         
                         ) 
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         y 
                         Q 
                       
                       ⁡ 
                       
                         ( 
                         
                           f 
                           k 
                         
                         ) 
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               ] 
             
             = 
             
               
                 
                   [ 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             h 
                             I 
                           
                           ⁡ 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               f 
                               k 
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           - 
                           
                             
                               h 
                               Q 
                             
                             ⁡ 
                             
                               ( 
                               
                                 f 
                                 k 
                               
                               ) 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             h 
                             Q 
                           
                           ⁡ 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               f 
                               k 
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           
                             h 
                             I 
                           
                           ⁡ 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               f 
                               k 
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   ] 
                 
                 ⁡ 
                 
                   [ 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             b 
                             I 
                           
                           ⁡ 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               f 
                               k 
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             b 
                             Q 
                           
                           ⁡ 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               f 
                               k 
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   ] 
                 
               
               + 
               
                 [ 
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           n 
                           I 
                         
                         ⁡ 
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             f 
                             k 
                           
                           ) 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           n 
                           Q 
                         
                         ⁡ 
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             f 
                             k 
                           
                           ) 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 ] 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     which has a vector-matrix form:  
           y   ( f   k )=   H   ( f   k )   b   ( f   k )+   n   ( f   k ).  
   
   
       34 . An integrated circuit comprising 
 a multi-carrier radio frequency receiver having an input for coupling to at least one antenna;    a signal processing block coupled to an output of the receiver, wherein the signal processing block comprises a widely linear (WL) signal processing unit operable to demodulate a received multi-carrier signal; and    a decoder having an input coupled to an output of the signal processing block.    
   
   
       35 . The integrated circuit of  claim 34 , wherein the signal processing block comprises: 
 a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) having an input coupled to an output of the receiver;    a whitening filter having an input coupled to an output of the DFT; and    a demodulator having an input coupled to an output of the whitening filter and an output coupled to an input of the decoder.

Join the waitlist — get patent alerts

Track US2007026833A1 — get alerts on status changes and closely related new filings.

We store only your email — no account needed. See our privacy policy.