Reactive mechanism for firearms

Abstract

The subject of the invention is the reactive mechanism, which forms a base for a new, universal, automatic firearm system.

1 . The reactive mechanism characterises itself with the manner of reverse braking of the elements recoiled after the shot, on the basis of the momentum conservation principle and the use of the reactivator ( 1 ) for this purpose, i.e. the inertial mass with a specific momentum directed in opposite to the momentum of the elements recoiled after a shot, where the task of the reactivator is to equalize the momentum of such elements in order to cause their braking, and then to give a set return momentum to these elements, which is opposite to the return momentum of the reactivator, and afterwards to equalize their influence on the weapon frame in the return phase, eliminating weapon destabilisation during the reloading cycle.  
   
   
       2 . The mechanism of  claim 1  also charaterises itself with the use of the reactivator as an anti-buckling rod for the return spring.  
   
   
       3 . The mechanism of  claim 1  also charaterises itself with the adaptation of a loose barrel for the role of the reactivator, in the manner shown on  FIGS. 6 and 7 , or the adaptation of a frame fragment—or a mass additionaly added to the design—for such role.  
   
   
       4 . The mechanism of  claim 1  also characterises itself with the placement of the return spring ( 2 ) or return springs between the reactivator ( 1 ) and the amortized elements, which cause the braking not to be a result of a direct impact, but a gradual process with the use of the return spring's elasticity, and force a return momentum of these elements after braking, and furthermore, for the constant push of the spring in the phase 0 of the mechanism working cycle to keep the reactivator in the extreme backward position, and keep the amortized elements in the extreme forward position.  
   
   
       5 . A characteristic feature of the mechanism of  claim 1  is the manner in which the reactivator ( 1 ) is additionally set in motion and a set momentum is given to it, which in case of a cam mechanism consists in the work of the locking cam ( 3 ) or a complex of locking cams, which by making an incomplete turn or moving, cause the reactivator ( 1 ) to move and its further forward motion, and in case of a gas mechanism, consists in the use of the pressure of the gasses carried away by an opening in the barrel's wall ( 21 ) to a gas cylinder containing the reactivator ( 1 ), so as to force its forward motion in the direction of the amortized element.  
   
   
       6 . A characteristic feature of the mechanism of  claim 1  is the placement of the locking cam ( 3 ) or a complex of locking cams, in depenence on the variants, in the weapon frame or on a fixed barrel, or on a loose barrel moving backwards after a shot, or on the activator, or on the reactivator, or the usage of a loose cam which enforces the movement of the reactivator by its movement.  
   
   
       7 . A characteristic feature of the mechanism of  claim 1  is the usage of a locking cam ( 3 ) or a series of locking cams placed on a loose barrel in order to transfer part of the recoil energy to the barrel through the suspension of the locking cam, and therefore enforcement of the barrel's backward motion in the manner shown on  FIGS. 4 and 5 .  
   
   
       8 . A characteristic feature of the mechanism of  claim 1  is also the usage of the locking cam ( 3 ) as a link, lowering the lower part of the barrel and controlling the locking in case of combined variants with additional locking through the barrel crossing in a manner analogous to the Colt M1911 system, shown on  FIGS. 8 and 9 .  
   
   
       9 . A characteristic feature of the mechanism of  claim 1  is also the usage of the locknig cam ( 3 ) or a complex of locking cams for direct lock bolting if bolt fulfills the role of an activator ( 4 ).  
   
   
       10 . In case of cam mechanism variants, in which the role of the reactivator is being filled by a loose barrel, a charasteristic feature is the fitting of such in proper areas coopearting with locking cams or a latch or flange, on which the return spring rests, which allows to use the barrel as an anti-buckling rod, and the flange's lateral surface, by cooperating with the interal surcafe of the lock and the frame is also responsible for guiding the barrel in a to-and-fro motion, in a manner shown on  FIGS. 6 and 7 .  
   
   
       11 . A characteristic feature of the mechanism of  claim 1  is the usage of the reactivator's mass to delay the movement of the locking cam ( 3 ) in phase 2, and therefore to delay the backward motion of the activator cooperating with it, which in turn causes the delay in the lock's backward motion, the latter constituting a complex along with the activator, or cooperating with the activator, or a lock which is directly performing the role of an activator.  
   
   
       12 . A charasteristic feature of the mechanism of  claim 1  is also the use of the reactivator's mass to delay the opening of the gas conduit starting the lock unbolting process in the gas combined reactive mechanisms, in a manner shown on  FIG. 10 , sub fig. 1 .  
   
   
       13 . A characteristic feature of the mechanism of  claim 1  is the adaptation, for the role of an activator ( 4 ), any of the weapon elements recoiled after a shot, such as the lock or bolt carrier, or the barrel, or the gas piston.  
   
   
       14 . A characteristic feature of the mechanism of  claim 1  is the preparation of the activator ( 4 ) for cooperation with the locking cam ( 3 ) by fitting the former with a suitable protrusion, opening or recess ( 19 ), and in variants where the role of the activator is filled by the barrel, the usage of the locking cam as a barrel travel limiter, and in variants where the activator is at the same time an amortized element, a characteristic feature is its preparation for cooperation with the return spring ( 2 ) and the reactivator through equipping such with suitable surfaces and latches.  
   
   
       15 . In variants with a cam placed on the loose barrel which undergoes recoil, the characteristic feature is the equipping of the barrel with an additional amortizing spring, so that it forces the barrel return in its extreme forward position after each lock and reactivator working cycle, or after the performance of several cycles, i.e. work in a multiple cycle.  
   
   
       16 . A characteristic feature of the mechanism of  claim 1  is also the adaptation of the weapon with a reactive mechanism to a multiple cycle, i.e. the possiblity of firing a short burst consisting of the performance of several lock and reactivator cycles during one barrel recoil cycle, in a manner presented on variant 2 description.  
   
   
       17 . A characteristic feature of the mechanism of  claim 1  is also the reactivator's ( 1 ) proper shape, which will make its forward-backward motion possible in the area of the frame, as well as its cooperation with the return spring ( 2 ) and the amortized elements, the shape consisting in fitting the reactivator with areas cooperating with the frame, areas cooperating with the amortised element and a latch or a area on which the return spring ( 2 ) rests, in a manner shown in the figures. Additionaly, in case of cam mechanisms, a chararestic feature is the equpping of the reactivator ( 1 ) in an area cooperating with the locking cam ( 3 ) or a complex of locking cams, and in case of gas mechanisms, a characteristic feature is the setting, on a set section, the reactivator in the form of a gas piston moving partially in the boundaries of the gas cylinder.  
   
   
       18 . A characteristic feature of the mechanism of  claim 1  is also the application of cam regulators in a manner shown on  FIGS. 11, 12  and  14  which, by modyfing the force application point and changing the cam ratio through a change in the suspension height in the locking cam or the protrusion lenghts on the activator, influence the movement paramteres of the reactivator in relation to the activator.  
   
   
       19 . A characteristic feature of the mechanism of  claim 1  is the equipping of the locking cam in a movement limiter determining its to extreme positions: the locked position and the working position.