Two-part ceramic dental implant

Abstract

The invention relates to a two-part tooth root implant for insertion in the jaw of humans or vertebrates, said tooth root implant being equipped with an enossal implant body 2 for anchoring in the bone and an implant abutment 1 for receiving an individually produced dental crown. Ceramic materials based on zirconium oxide or a zirconium oxide/aluminium oxide mixture are used as the material. The surface area of the dental implant is microstructurally enlarged.

1 . A two-part tooth root implant made of zirconium oxide or a zirconium oxide/aluminium oxide mixture with an enossal implant body, which is microstructured on the surface for anchoring in the bone, and an implant abutment for receiving a dental crown.  
   
   
       2 . The tooth root implant according to  claim 1 , in which the implant body consists of a cylindrical base body and a cylindrical head part, said base body having an opening and a thread and having a conically convergent form in the proximal base body area, said head part having an identical or smaller diameter than the base body.  
   
   
       3 . The tooth root implant according to  claim 2 , in which the opening is rotationally symmetrical.  
   
   
       4 . The tooth root implant according to  claim 3 , in which the opening contains an inner force transmission element in the distal area.  
   
   
       5 . The tooth root implant according to  claim 4 , in which the inner force transmission element is rotationally asymmetrical.  
   
   
       6 . The tooth root implant according to  claim 5 , in which the inner force transmission element is formed with an elliptical cross section, polygonal cross section or rectangular cross section with a semicircular face, or with two semicircular faces on opposite rectangular faces.  
   
   
       7 . The tooth root implant according to  claim 2 , in which the opening is rotationally asymmetrical.  
   
   
       8 . The tooth root implant according to  claim 7 , in which the opening is formed with an elliptical cross section, polygonal cross section or rectangular cross section with two semicircular faces on opposite rectangular faces.  
   
   
       9 . The tooth root implant according to  claim 2 , in which an outer force transmission element is arranged above the head part.  
   
   
       10 . The tooth root implant according to  claim 9 , in which the head part and outer force transmission element form a step with a width of 0.05 to 2 mm.  
   
   
       11 . The tooth root implant according to  claim 9 , in which the outer force transmission element is formed as a hexagonal prism or octagonal prism.  
   
   
       12 . The tooth root implant according to  claim 1 , in which the implant abutment consists of a fixing pin that rests in an opening of the enossal implant body and of a post that rests on the enossal implant body, said implant body comprising a base body with the opening, and said fixing pin and post consisting of a single integral piece.  
   
   
       13 . The tooth root implant according to  claim 12 , in which the fixing pin is joined integrally at least to the base body in the opening.  
   
   
       14 . The tooth root implant according to  claim 12 , in which the post is formed as a cylinder, a cylinder with an elliptical cross section, a prism or a cuboid with two half-cylinders on opposite cuboid side faces, and in which the post has an identical or larger diameter than the fixing pin.  
   
   
       15 . The tooth root implant according to  claim 12 , in which the post is formed as a truncated cone whose proximal cross section has a larger diameter than the cross section of the fixing pin.  
   
   
       16 . The tooth root implant according to  claim 1 , in which the zirconium oxide/aluminium oxide mixture contains 20 to 99.9 wt-% zirconium oxide and 0.1 to 80 wt-% aluminium oxide.  
   
   
       17 . The tooth root implant according to  claim 1 , in which a further oxide is added to the zirconium oxide or zirconium oxide/aluminium oxide mixture.  
   
   
       18 . The tooth root implant according to  claim 17 , in which yttrium oxide, magnesium oxide or hafnium oxide are added.  
   
   
       19 . The tooth root implant according to  claim 18 , in which 2 to 20 wt-% yttrium oxide, 2 to 20 wt-% magnesium oxide or 2 to 20 wt-% hafnium oxide are added.  
   
   
       20 . The tooth root implant according to  claim 18 , in which the zirconium oxide/aluminium oxide mixture contains 76 wt-% zirconium oxide, 20 wt-% aluminium oxide and additionally 4 wt-% yttrium oxide.  
   
   
       21 . The tooth root implant according to  claim 1 , in which the microstructured surface is coated with bone-active materials, at least one soluble active agent or a combination thereof.  
   
   
       22 . The tooth root implant according to  claim 21 , in which the microstructured surface is coated with at least one of hydroxyl apatite, fluoride, biphosphonate, calcium, vitamin D3, calcitonin, anabolic agent, oestrogen and oestrogen/progestogen combination.  
   
   
       23 . A two-part tooth root implant made of zirconium oxide or a zirconium oxide/aluminium oxide mixture with an enossal implant body for anchoring in the bone and an implant abutment to receive a dental crown, said implant body consisting of a cylindrical base body and a cylindrical head part, said base body having a conically convergent form in the proximal base body area, having an opening and a thread and being microstructured on the surface, and said head part having an identical or smaller diameter than the base body.  
   
   
       24 . The tooth root implant according to  claim 23 , in which the head part has a smaller diameter than the base body.  
   
   
       25 . The tooth root implant according to  claim 23 , in which the head part is microstructured on the surface.  
   
   
       26 . The tooth root implant according to  claim 25 , in which the microstructured surface is coated with bone-active materials, at least one soluble active agent or a combination thereof.  
   
   
       27 . A method of incorporating a tooth root implant in the jaw bone of a mammal by anchoring in the jaw bone an enossal implant body made of zirconium oxide or a zirconium oxide/aluminium oxide mixture, which implant body is microstructured on the surface, attaching an implant abutment made of zirconium oxide or a zirconium oxide/aluminium oxide mixture to the implant body, and fastening a dental crown to the implant abutment.  
   
   
       28 . The method according to  claim 27 , wherein the implant body consists of a cylindrical base body and a cylindrical head part, said base body having a conically convergent form for screwing into the jaw bone in the proximal base body area base and having a thread, said base body and said head part having an opening for attachment of the implant abutment, and said head part having an identical or smaller diameter than the base body.  
   
   
       29 . The method according to  claim 28 , wherein the implant body is screwed in with a tool that enters into a positive connection with an inner or outer force transmission element of the implant body.  
   
   
       30 . The method according to  claim 27 , wherein the implant abutment consists of a fixing pin for attaching the implant abutment and a post for fastening the dental crown.  
   
   
       31 . The method according to  claim 27 , wherein the anchoring of the implant body comprises the step of healing.