Additives for low-sulfur mineral oil distillates, comprising aromatics which bear a hydroxyl group, a methoxy group and an acid function

Abstract

The invention provides an additive for fuel oils, comprising at least one copolymer of ethylene and an unsaturated ester, at least one oil-soluble polar nitrogen compound which is a reaction product of amines of the formula NR 6 R 7 R 8 in which R 6 , R 7 and R 8 may be the same or different, and at least one of these groups is C 8 -C 36 -alkyl, C 6 -C 36 -cycloalkyl, C 8 -C 36 -alkenyl, especially C 12 -C 24 -alkyl, C 12 -C 24 -alkenyl or cyclohexyl, and the remaining groups are hydrogen, C 1 -C 36 -alkyl, C 2 -C 36 -alkenyl, cyclohexyl or a group of the formulae -(A-O) x -E or —(CH 2 ) n —NYZ in which A is an ethyl or propyl group, x is from 1 to 50, E=H, C 1 -C 30 -alkyl, C 5 -C 12 -cycloalkyl or C 6 -C 30 -aryl, and n=2, 3 or 4, and Y and Z are each independently H, C 1 -C 30 -alkyl or -(A-O) x with compounds which contain at least one acyl group, and at least one aromatic compound of the formula 1, in which R is H or C 1 - to C 4 -alkyl.

1 . An additive for fuel oils, comprising at least one copolymer of ethylene and an unsaturated ester, at least one oil-soluble polar nitrogen compound which is a reaction product of amines of the formula NR 6 R 7 R 8  in which R 6 , R 7  and R 8  may be the same or different, and at least one of R 6 , R 7  and R 8  is C 8 -C 36 -alkyl, C 6 -C 36 -cycloalkyl, C 8 -C 36 -alkenyl, and the remaining groups are hydrogen, C 1 -C 36 -alkyl, C 2 -C 36 -alkenyl, cyclohexyl or a group of the formulae -(A-O) x -E or —(CH 2 ) n —NYZ in which A is an ethyl or propyl group, x is from 1 to 50, E=H, C 1 -C 30 -alkyl, C 5 -C 12 -cycloalkyl or C 6 -C 30 -aryl, and n=2, 3 or 4, and Y and Z are each independently H, C 1 -C 30 -alkyl or -(A-O) x  with compounds which contain at least one acyl group, and at least one aromatic compound of the formula 1,  
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     in which R is H or C 1 - to C 4 -alkyl.  
   
   
       2 . The additive as claimed in  claim 1 , in which the aromatic compound of the formula 1 is 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylpropionic acid or 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid, or a mixture thereof.  
   
   
       3 . The additive as claimed in  claim 1 , in which the ethylene copolymer, in addition to ethylene, comprises from 6 to 21 mol % of unsaturated esters.  
   
   
       4 . The additive of  claim 1 , in which the unsaturated ester is selected from the group consisting of vinyl ester, acrylic ester, methacrylic ester and mixtures there of.  
   
   
       5 . The additive of  claim 1 , in which, in addition to ethylene, two or more comonomers are present in the at least one copolymer.  
   
   
       6 . The additive of  claim 1 , in which the copolymer of ethylene comprises an aklene having from 3 to 30 carbon atoms as a comonomer.  
   
   
       7 . The additive of  claim 1 , further comprising an alkylphenol-aldehyde resin which is derived from an alkylphenol having one or two alkyl radicals having 1-200 carbon atoms in the ortho- or para-position or in the ortho- and the para-positions to the OH group and aldehydes having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms.  
   
   
       8 . The additive as claimed in  claim 7 , wherein the alkylphenol-formaldehyde resin has a repeat unit of the formula 3 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     in which R 5  is C 1 -C 200 -alkyl or -alkenyl and n is from 2 to 100 in a weight ratio of from 1:20 to 20:1 based on the weight of the additive comprising the copolymer of ethylene and an unsaturated ester and the aromatic compound of the formula 1 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     in which R is H or C 1 - to C 4 -alkyl.  
   
   
       9 . The additive of  claim 1 , further comprising comb polymers of the formula 5 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     in which 
 A is R′, COOR′, OCOR′, R″-COOR′, OR′;  
 D is H, CH 3 , A or R″;  
 E is H, A;  
 G is H, R″, R″—COOR′, an aryl radical or a heterocyclic radical;  
 M is H, COOR″, OCOR″, OR″, COOH;  
 N is H, R″, COOR″, OCOR″, an aryl radical;  
 R′ is a hydrocarbon chain having from 8 to 50 carbon atoms;  
 R″ is a hydrocarbon chain having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms;  
 m is from 0.4 to 1.0; and  
 n is from 0 to 0.6.  
 
   
   
       10 . The additive of  claim 1 , further comprising a polyoxyalkylene compound selected from the group consisting of esters, ethers and ether/esters having at least one alkyl radical having from 12 to 30 carbon atoms.  
   
   
       11 . A fuel oil comprising 
 an oil selected from the group consisting of animal, vegetable, mineral origin, and mixtures thereof,    at least one copolymer of ethylene and an unsaturated ester,    at least one oil-soluble polar nitrogen compound which is a reaction product of amines of the formula NR 6 R 7 R 8  in which R 6 , R 7  and R 8  may be the same or different, and at least one of R 6 , R 7  and R 8  is C 8 -C 36 -alkyl, C 6 -C 36 -cycloalkyl, C 8 -C 36 -alkenyl, and the remaining R 6 , R 7  and R 8  are hydrogen, C 1 -C 36 -alkyl, C 2 -C 36 -alkenyl, cyclohexyl or a group of the formulae -(A-O) x -E or —(CH 2 ) n —NYZ in which A is an ethyl or propyl group, x is from 1 to 50, E=H, C 1 -C 30 -alkyl, C 5 -C 12 -cycloalkyl or C 6 -C 30 -aryl, and n=2, 3 or 4, and Y and Z are each independently H, C 1 -C 30 -alkyl or -(A-O) x  with compounds which contain at least one acyl group, and at least one aromatic compound of the formula 1,                          in which R is H or C 1 - to C 4 -alkyl.    
   
   
       12 . The fuel oil as claimed in  claim 11 , wherein the oil is a mixture selected from the group consisting of synthetic fuel, a middle distillate of mineral origin, a biofuel oil, and mixtures thereof.  
   
   
       13 . The fuel oil as claimed in  claim 12 , wherein the oil is a mixture of a middle distillate of mineral origin and a biofuel oil, and a mixing ratio of the middle distillate to the biofuel oil is from 99:1 to 1:99.  
   
   
       14 . A method for dispersing paraffins in a fuel oil, said method comprising adding from 5 to 10 000 ppm of the additive of  claim 1  to said fuel oil.  
   
   
       15 . The additive of  claim 1 , wherein at least one of R 6 , R 7  and R 8  is selected from the group consisting of C 12 -C 24 -alkyl, C 12 -C 24 -alkenyl, cyclohexyl, and mixtures thereof.  
   
   
       16 . The fuel oil of  claim 11 , wherein at least one of R 6 , R 7  and R 8  is selected from the group consisting of C 12 -C 24 -alkyl, C 12 -C 24 -alkenyl, cyclohexyl, and mixtures thereof.