Method of regenerating lead battery cells and regenerative agent for performing of this method

Abstract

The electrochemical regeneration of lead and alkaline battery cells during which, after the treatment of the battery by some of the regeneration additives on the basis of an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide and after the basic charging, they are alternately or internnittently charged and discharged. Above the limit located above the level of the full charge it is charged with a current of 1.1%-4% and discharged with a current of 0%-5% related to the nominal value of the capacity of the cell or storage battery, or else the charging is carried out in two phases or by a constant current. Under the limit located below the level of the permitted discharging it is discharged with a current of 1% to 4% and subsequently charged with a current of 3%-10% related to the value of the capacity of the battery to a decrease in the voltage to 1.6 V of the cell or any of the battery's cells. Then the battery supplies 10%-15% of its nominal capacity and this entire procedure is repeated 2-5 times. The regenerative agent contains, for each liter of aqueous solution 40% of hydrogen peroxide, 1 ml to 70 ml of sulfuric acid with a density of 1 to 1.32 g·cm −3 , 0.1 g to 10 30 g of saccharides in solids and/or aldehydes or their derivatives, 0.1 g to 10 g of sodium and/or potassium bicarbonate and/or at least one hydroxide from the group of alkali metal hydroxides in solids, or else a mixture containing 0.1 g to 10 g of peroxoborate or tetraborate or sodium pyrophosphate in solids and also containing 0.1 g to 20 g, with an advantage 0.5 g to 2 g, of bisodium dinaphtylmethane disulfonic acid salt.

1 . The method of regenerating lead battery cells with a sulfuric acid electrolyte and alkaline battery cells filled with potassium hydroxide, during which the regenerative additive on the basis of aqueous hydrogen peroxide is added to the electrolyte after which at least one cell or storage battery is charged and discharged in the regular manner, characterized in that at least one cell or storage battery located above the level of full charge is formed by the cyclical charging and discharging for a total period of 10-70 hours, while it is charged for a period of 15-20 minutes with a current of 1.1% -4% related to the value of the nominal capacity of the cell or storage battery and is discharged for a period of 0.5-2 minutes with a current of 0%-5% related to the nominal value of the capacity of the cell or storage battery.  
     
     
         2 . The method of regeneration according to  claim 1 , characterized in that at least one cell or storage battery being above the level of full charge is formed by the cyclical charging and discharging during a total period of 10-70 hours, cyclically charged for a period of 15-20 minutes and discharged for a period of 0.5-2 minutes in two forming phases, while in the first phase it is charged with a current of 1.1%-4% and discharged with a current of 0%-5% related to the nominal value of the capacity of the cell or storage battery and in the second phase the current is lowered during charging to 1.1% to 3% and during discharging to 0%-4% related to the nominal value of the capacity of the cell or storage battery.  
     
     
         3 . The method of regeneration according to  claim 1  or  2 , characterized in that at least one cell or storage battery is further charged with a constant current of 1.1% to 2.1% related to the nominal value of the capacity of the cell or storage battery for a period of a further 20-50 hours.  
     
     
         4 . The method of regeneration according to  claim 2 , characterized in that at least one cell or storage battery is partially discharged between the first and second forming phases with a current of 10%-30% related to the nominal value of the capacity of the battery for a period of 2-10 minutes.  
     
     
         5 . The method of regeneration according to  claim 3 , characterized in that before charging with a constant current at least one cell or storage battery is partially discharged with a current of 10%-30% related to the nominal value of the capacity of the battery for a period of 2-10 minutes.  
     
     
         6 . The method of regeneration according to one of previous  claims 1  to  5 , characterized in that before its forming, at least one cell or storage battery is charged with a current of 5%-10% related to the value of the capacity of the battery until the cell or battery is fully charged, and this up to a value of 2.45 V per cell for acid cells or batteries and 1.7 V per cell for alkaline batteries.  
     
     
         7 . The method of regenerating lead and alkaline battery cells, during which the regeneration additive on the basis of aqueous hydrogen peroxide is added to the electrolyte after which the cell or storage battery is charged and discharged in the regular manner, characterized in that the cell or the entire storage battery composed of the cells being under the level of the permitted discharging is formed by the cyclical charging and discharging, during which it discharges for a period of 2-10 minutes with a current of 1%-4% related to the value of the capacity of the battery, and is subsequently charged for a period of 1-2 minutes with a current of 3%-10% related to the value of the capacity of the battery and this to a decrease in the voltage to 1.6 V for the cell or any of the battery's cells, then the battery supplies 10%-15% of its nominal capacity and this entire procedure is repeated 2-5 times.  
     
     
         8 . The regenerative agent for lead batteries prepared from a mixture containing an electrolyte of an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide, saccharides and/or aldehydes or their derivatives and also bicarbonates and/or hydroxides of alkaline metals or peroxoborate, tetraborate, sodium pyrophosphate, to application of method according to claim  1 - 7 , characterized in that contains, for 1 liter of aqueous solution of 1% to 40% hydrogen peroxide, 
 9. 1 ml to 70 ml of sulfuric acid with a density of 1 to 1.32 g·cm −3 ,    0.1 g to 10 g of saccharides in solids and/or aldehydes or their derivatives,    0.1 g to 10 g of sodium and/or potassium bicarbonate and/or at least one hydroxide from the group of alkali metal hydroxides in solids,    or else a mixture containing    0.1 g to 10 g of sodium peroxoborate and/or sodium tetraborate and/or sodium pyrophosphate in solids    and also containing    0.1 g to 20 g of bisodium dinaphtylmethane disulfonic acid salt.    
     
     
         9 . The regenerative agent according to  claim 8 , characterized in that that contains 0.5 g to 2 g of bisodium dinaphtylmethane disulfonic acid salt.  
     
     
         10 . The regenerative agent according to  claim 8  or  9 , characterized in that contains 0.1 g to 0.5 g of 10% to 50% aqueous solution of derivatives oxi-lignin and/or sulfite liquor.