Diffuse-reflection surfaces and process for their production

Abstract

Diffuse-reflection surfaces which have a matte appearance and which have self-cleaning properties and preferably have antimicrobial properties, are prepared by coating a substrate with a random distribution of the particles to at least one surface of a substrate, thereby providing a surface comprising elevations with a height of from 20 nm to 100 μm and with a separation of less than 100 μm between the elevations. Such diffuse-reflection surfaces can be used as protective covers or as protective layers, in particular for providing non-angle-dependent viewing. The diffuse reflection surfaces of the present invention have self-cleaning properties and are resistant to colonization by microorganisms.

1 . A diffuse-reflection surface, comprising: 
 a substrate coated with a coating comprising a random distribution of particles, the surfaces of which particles are at least partially exposed, thereby providing a surface having elevations,    wherein said elevations have a height of from 20 nm to 100 μm and have a separation of less than 100 μm between the elevations,    said coating is light-transmitting, and    the surface has light-scattering and self-cleaning properties, and    wherein the particles comprise at least two particle fractions whose average particle size differs by a factor of from 2 to 10.    
   
   
       2 . The diffuse-reflection surface of  claim 1 , wherein the coating further comprises a material having antimicrobial properties.  
   
   
       3 . The diffuse-reflection surface of  claim 1 , wherein the coating further comprises a binder system.  
   
   
       4 . The diffuse-reflection surface of  claim 3 , wherein the binder system is selected from the group consisting of UV-curable, thermally curable, and air-curing coating systems.  
   
   
       5 . The diffuse-reflection surface of  claim 4 , wherein the binder system comprises mixtures prepared from monounsaturated acrylates and/or methacrylates with polyunsaturated acrylates and/or methacrylates, mixtures of polyunsaturated acrylates or methacrylates with each other, or urethane lacquers.  
   
   
       6 . The diffuse-reflection surface of  claim 1 , 
 wherein the particles comprise a mixture of hydrophobic particles and particles having antimicrobial properties.    
   
   
       7 . The diffuse-reflection surface of  claim 2 , 
 wherein the material having antimicrobial properties comprises at least one antimicrobial polymer which has been prepared from at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of 2-tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate, 2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 2-diethylaminomethyl methacrylate, 2-tert-butylaminoethyl acrylate, 3-dimethylaminopropyl acrylate, 2-diethylaminoethyl acrylate, 2-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide, diethylaminopropylmethacrylamide, N-3-dimethylaminopropylacrylamide, 2-methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium methosulfate, 2-methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, 3-methacryloylamino-propyltrimethylammonium chloride, 2-acryloyloxyethyl-4-benzoyldimethylammonium bromide, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl-4-benzoyl-dimethylammonium bromide, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-diethylaminoethyl vinyl ether, and 3-aminopropyl vinyl ether.    
   
   
       8 . The diffuse-reflection surface of  claim 6 , wherein the mixture of the particles comprises from 0.01 to 25% by weight of particles with antimicrobial properties, based on the weight of the particle mixture.  
   
   
       9 . The diffuse-reflection surface as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the substrate is a molding prepared from a material selected from the group consisting of polymers, polyamides, polyurethanes, polyether block amides, polyester amides, polyvinyl chloride, polyolefins, polysilicones, polysiloxanes, polymethyl methacrylates, polyterephthalates, ceramics, metals, and glasses.  
   
   
       10 . (canceled)  
   
   
       11 . The diffuse-reflection surface of  claim 1 , wherein the particles comprise at least two particle fractions whose average particle size differs by a factor of from 4 to 7.  
   
   
       12 . A process for producing the diffuse-reflection surface of  claim 1 , comprising: 
 applying a coating comprising a random distribution of particles to at least one surface of a substrate, thereby providing a surface comprising elevations with a height of from 20 nm to 100 μm and with a separation of less than 100 μm between the elevations.    
   
   
       13 . The process of  claim 12 , wherein the coating further comprises at least one material which has antimicrobial properties.  
   
   
       14 . The process of  claim 12 , further comprising fixing the particles to the substrate.  
   
   
       15 . The process of  claim 12 , wherein the coating further comprises a binder system.  
   
   
       16 . The process of  claim 14 , wherein said fixing comprises 
 coating said substrate with a binder system, and    applying said random distribution of particles to said binder system.    
   
   
       17 . The process of  claim 16 , wherein said binder system is cured by heat or light after said applying.  
   
   
       18 . The process of  claim 12 , wherein the particles comprise a mixture of hydrophobic particles and particles having antimicrobial properties.  
   
   
       19 . The process of  claim 15 , wherein said substrate, particles, and/or the binder system further comprises an antimicrobial material.  
   
   
       20 . The process of  claim 19 , wherein the antimicrobial material comprises a polymer which has been prepared from at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of 2-tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate, 2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 2-diethylaminomethyl methacrylate, 2-tert-butylaminoethyl acrylate, 3-dimethylaminopropyl acrylate, 2-diethylaminoethyl acrylate, 2-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylamino-propylmethacrylamide, diethylaminopropylmethacrylamide, N-3-dimethylamino-propylacrylamide, 2-methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium methosulfate, 2-methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, 3-methacryloylamino-propyltrimethylammonium chloride, 2-acryloyloxyethyl-4-benzoyldimethylammonium bromide, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl-4-benzoyldimethylammonium bromide, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-diethylaminoethyl vinyl ether, and 3-aminopropylvinyl ether.  
   
   
       21 . The process of  claim 12 , wherein the particles comprise a mixture of transparent and/or translucent hydrophobic particles which comprise at least one material selected from the group consisting of silicates, doped silicates, minerals, metal oxides, silicas, polymers, and homo- or copolymers selected from the group consisting of 2-tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate, 2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 2-diethylaminomethyl methacrylate, 2-tert-butylaminoethyl acrylate, 3-dimethylaminopropyl acrylate, 2-diethylaminoethyl acrylate, 2-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl-methacrylamide, diethylaminopropylmethacrylamide, N-3-dimethylaminopropylacrylamide, 2-methacryloyloxythyltrimethylammonium methosulfate, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl-trimethylammonium chloride, 3-methacryloyl-aminopropyltrimethylammonium chloride, 2-acryloyloxyethyl-4-benzoyldimethyl-ammonium bromide, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl-4-benzoyldimethylammonium bromide, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-diethylaminoethyl vinyl ether, and 3-aminopropyl vinyl ether.  
   
   
       22 . The process of  claim 21 , wherein the hydrophobic particles have an average primary particle diameter of from 5 to 50 nm.  
   
   
       23 . The process of  claim 22 , wherein the primary particles have substantially an agglomerated or aggregated form, and the diameter of the aggregates or agglomerates is from 20 nm to 100 μm.  
   
   
       24 . The process of  claim 18 , wherein the diameter of the particles with antimicrobial properties is from 20 to 2000 μm.  
   
   
       25 . The process of  claim 12 , wherein the particles have a surface comprising an irregular fine nanostructure.  
   
   
       26 . The diffuse-reflection surface of  claim 1 , wherein the substrate is in the form of a film, sheet, or plate.  
   
   
       27 . A traffic sign comprising the diffuse-reflection surface of  claim 1 .  
   
   
       28 . A safety marking comprising the diffuse-reflection surface of  claim 1 .  
   
   
       29 . A printed film, sheet, or plate comprising the diffuse-reflection surface of  claim 1 .  
   
   
       30 . A system for guiding pedestrians or vehicles comprising the diffuse-reflection surface of  claim 1 .  
   
   
       31 . A protective cover for an instrument comprising the diffuse-reflection surface of  claim 1.