US2006100466A1PendingUtilityA1

Cycloalkane base oils, cycloalkane-base dielectric liquids made using cycloalkane base oils, and methods of making same

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Individually held — no corporate assignee on recordPriority: Nov 8, 2004Filed: Nov 8, 2004Published: May 11, 2006
Est. expiryNov 8, 2024(expired)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
Inventors:Steven HolmesJohn R. PowersMichael Smith
Y10T428/31678C10N 2030/06C10M 169/04C10M 2203/045C10N 2030/04C10M 2207/026Y10T428/25C10N 2020/071C10N 2030/52Y10T428/24901C10M 105/04C10M 2203/1065C10M 2203/06C10M 2205/22
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Claims

Abstract

Cycloalkane base oil, methods of making cycloalkane base oil, and dielectric liquid containing such cycloalkane base oil is provided. The cycloalkane base oil contains a quantity of isoparaffins and from 50 wt. % to 70 wt. % cycloalkanes having the formula C n H 2n wherein n is from 15 to 30, the quantity of isoparaffins being less than 50 wt. % of said cycloalkane base oil.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
1 . A cycloalkane base oil comprising a quantity of isoparaffins and from 50 wt. % to 70 wt. % cycloalkanes having the formula C n H 2n  wherein n is from 15 to 30, said quantity of isoparaffins being less than 50 wt. % of said cycloalkane base oil.  
     
     
         2 . The cycloalkane base oil of  claim 1  comprising from about 20 wt. % to about 40 wt. % isoparaffins.  
     
     
         3 . The cycloalkane base oil of  claim 1  wherein a majority of the cycloalkanes comprise alkyl-substituted cycloalkanes.  
     
     
         4 . The cycloalkane base oil of  claim 2  wherein a majority of the cycloalkanes comprise alkyl-substituted cycloalkanes.  
     
     
         5 . The cycloalkane base oil of  claim 3  boiling at a temperature in the range of from about 260° C. (500° F. ) to about 371° C. (700° F. ).  
     
     
         6 . The cycloalkane base oil of  claim 4  boiling at a temperature in the range of from about 260° C. (500° F. ) to about 371° C. (700° F. ).  
     
     
         7 . The cycloalkane base oil of  claim 6  comprising about 15 ppm sulfur or less.  
     
     
         8 . The cycloalkane base oil of  claim 3  wherein 70 wt. % or more of the cycloalkanes comprise said alkyl-substituted cycloalkanes.  
     
     
         9 . The cycloalkane-base oil of  claim 5  wherein 80 wt. % or more of the cycloalkanes comprise said alkyl-substituted cycloalkanes.  
     
     
         10 . The cycloalkane base oil of  claim 5  wherein 90 wt. % or more of the cycloalkanes comprise said alkyl-substituted cycloalkanes.  
     
     
         11 . The cycloalkane base oil of  claim 6  wherein 70 wt. % or more of the cycloalkanes comprise said alkyl-substituted cycloalkanes.  
     
     
         12 . The cycloalkane base oil of  claim 6  wherein 90 wt. % or more of the cycloalkanes comprise said alkyl-substituted cycloalkanes.  
     
     
         13 . The cycloalkane base oil of  claim 7  wherein 99 wt. % or more of the cycloalkanes comprise said alkyl-substituted cycloalkanes.  
     
     
         14 . A cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid comprising 
 cycloalkane base oil comprising a quantity of isoparaffins and from 50 wt. % to 70 wt. % cycloalkanes having the formula C n H 2n  wherein n is from 15 to 30, said quantity of isoparaffins being less than 50 wt. % of said cycloalkane base oil; and,    one or more non-phenolic alkyl substituted or partially saturated aromatic anti-gassing agent comprising at least one labile hydrogen atom, said quantity being effective to reduce the gassing tendency of the dielectric liquid.    
     
     
         15 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 14  further comprising an amount of one or more antioxidant selected from the group consisting of hindered phenols, cinnamate type phenolic esters, and alkylated diphenylamines, said amount being effective to reduce sludge formation and total acid number in mg of KOH/g (TAN) under oxidation conditions.  
     
     
         16 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 14  further comprising an oxidation reducing amount of one or more antioxidant selected from the group consisting of 2,6-ditertiary-butyl para-cresol, 2,6-ditertiary butylphenol, and combinations thereof, said amount being effective to reduce sludge formation and total acid number (TAN) under oxidation conditions.  
     
     
         17 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 14  comprising about 60 wt. % cycloalkanes or more.  
     
     
         18 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 16  comprising about 66 wt. % cycloalkanes or more.  
     
     
         19 . The cycloalkane base dielectric liquid of  claim 16  wherein said cycloalkane base oil boils at a temperature of from about 260° C. to about 371° C.  
     
     
         20 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 14  wherein a majority of the cycloalkanes comprise alkyl-substituted cycloalkanes.  
     
     
         21 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 17  wherein a majority of the cycloalkanes comprise alkyl-substituted cycloalkanes.  
     
     
         22 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 18  wherein a majority of the cycloalkanes comprise alkyl-substituted cycloalkanes.  
     
     
         23 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 19  wherein a majority of the cycloalkanes comprise alkyl-substituted cycloalkanes.  
     
     
         24 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 17  wherein 70 wt. % or more of the cycloalkanes comprise alkyl-substituted cycloalkanes.  
     
     
         25 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 18  wherein 70 wt. % or more of the cycloalkanes comprise alkyl-substituted cycloalkanes.  
     
     
         26 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 19  wherein 70 wt. % or more of the cycloalkanes comprise alkyl-substituted cycloalkanes.  
     
     
         27 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 19  wherein 80 wt. % or more of the cycloalkanes comprise alkyl-substituted cycloalkanes.  
     
     
         28 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 19  wherein 90 wt. % or more of the cycloalkanes comprise alkyl-substituted cycloalkanes.  
     
     
         29 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 14  wherein the anti-gassing agent(s) are effective to reduce the gassing tendency of the dielectric liquid to +30 μL/min. or less.  
     
     
         30 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 14  wherein the anti-gassing agent(s) are effective to reduce the gassing tendency of the dielectric liquid to +15 μL/min. or less.  
     
     
         31 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 14  wherein the anti-gassing agent(s) are effective to reduce the gassing tendency of the dielectric liquid to +15 μL/min. or less.  
     
     
         32 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 15  wherein the anti-gassing agent(s) are effective to reduce the gassing tendency of the dielectric liquid to +30 μL/min. or less.  
     
     
         33 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 15  wherein the anti-gassing agent(s) are effective to reduce the gassing tendency of the dielectric liquid to +15 μL/min. or less.  
     
     
         34 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 15  wherein the anti-gassing agent(s) are effective to reduce the gassing tendency of the dielectric liquid to +5 μL/min. or less.  
     
     
         35 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 15  wherein the anti-gassing agent(s) are effective to reduce the gassing tendency of the dielectric liquid to 0 μL/min. or less.  
     
     
         36 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 25  wherein the anti-gassing agent(s) are effective to reduce the gassing tendency of the dielectric liquid to +15 μL/min. or less.  
     
     
         37 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 25  wherein the anti-gassing agent(s) are effective to reduce the gassing tendency of the dielectric liquid to +5 μL/min. or less.  
     
     
         38 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 25  wherein the anti-gassing agent(s) are effective to reduce the gassing tendency of the dielectric liquid to 0 μL/min. or less.  
     
     
         39 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 14  wherein the antigassing agents are selected from the group consisting of dihydrophenanthrene, phenyl ortho xylyl ethane, alkylated benzenes, tetrahydro-5-(1-phenylethyl)-naphthalene, acenaphthene, tetrahydro-naphthalene, alkylated tetrahydronaphthalenes, tetrahydroquinoline.  
     
     
         40 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 14  wherein the antigassing agents are selected from the group consisting of 
 alkyl-substituted aromatic compounds, alkyl substituted, partially saturated aromatic compounds, and combinations thereof having from 9 to 11 carbon atoms; and,    a combination comprising 80 wt. % 1,5-dimethyl naphthalene and 20 wt. % isomeric dimethyl naphthalenes.    
     
     
         41 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 14  wherein the quantity of anti-gassing agent is about 5 wt. % or less, based on the weight of the dielectric liquid.  
     
     
         42 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 40  wherein the quantity of anti-gassing agent is about 2 wt. % or less, based on the weight of the dielectric liquid.  
     
     
         43 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 40  wherein the quantity of anti-gassing agent is from about 0.5 wt. % to about 1 wt. %, based on the weight of the dielectric liquid.  
     
     
         44 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 15  wherein the antigassing agents are selected from the group consisting of dihydrophenanthrene, phenyl ortho xylyl ethane, alkylated benzenes, tetrahydro-5-(1-phenylethyl)-naphthalene, acenaphthene, tetrahydro-naphthalene, alkylated tetrahydronaphthalenes, tetrahydroquinoline.  
     
     
         45 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 15  wherein the antigassing agents are selected from the group consisting of 
 alkyl-substituted aromatic compounds, alkyl substituted, partially saturated aromatic compounds, and combinations thereof having from 9 to 11 carbon atoms; and,    a combination of 80 wt. % 1,5-dimethyl naphthalene and 20 wt. % isomeric dimethyl naphthalenes.    
     
     
         46 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 15  wherein the quantity of anti-gassing agent is about 5 wt. % or less, based on the weight of the dielectric liquid.  
     
     
         47 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 15  wherein the quantity of anti-gassing agent is about 2 wt. % or less, based on the weight of the dielectric liquid.  
     
     
         48 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 15  wherein the quantity of anti-gassing agent is from about 0.5 wt. % to about 1 wt. %, based on the weight of the dielectric liquid.  
     
     
         49 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 21  wherein the antigassing agents are selected from the group consisting of 
 alkyl-substituted aromatic compounds, alkyl substituted, partially saturated aromatic compounds, and combinations thereof having from 9 to 11 carbon atoms; and,    a combination of 80 wt. % 1,5-dimethyl naphthalene and 20 wt. % isomeric dimethyl naphthalenes.    
     
     
         50 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 21  wherein the quantity of anti-gassing agent is about 2 wt. % or less, based on the weight of the dielectric liquid.  
     
     
         51 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 22  wherein the quantity of anti-gassing agent is from about 0.5 wt. % to about 1 wt. %, based on the weight of the dielectric liquid.  
     
     
         52 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 15  wherein the amount of antioxidant is from about 0.07 wt. % to about 0.30 wt. % based on the weight of the dielectric liquid.  
     
     
         53 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 51  wherein the amount of antioxidant is from about 0.07 wt. % to about 0.30 wt. % based on the weight of the dielectric liquid.  
     
     
         54 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 15  wherein the amount of antioxidant is from about 0.01 wt. % to about 1.0 wt. % based on the weight of the dielectric liquid.  
     
     
         55 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 51  wherein the amount of antioxidant is from about 0.01 wt. % to about 1.0 wt. % based on the weight of the dielectric liquid.  
     
     
         56 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 15  wherein said amount of antioxidant is effective to produce a % sludge by mass at 72 hours of 0.15 or less and a 72 hour TAN of 0.5 or less, and to produce a % sludge by mass at 164 hours of 0.5 or less and a 164 hour TAN of 0.6 or less.  
     
     
         57 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 34  wherein said amount of antioxidant is effective to produce a % sludge by mass at 72 hours of 0.15 or less and a 72 hour TAN of 0.5 or less, and to produce a % sludge by mass at 164 hours of 0.5 or less and a 164 hour TAN of 0.6 or less.  
     
     
         58 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 35  wherein said amount of antioxidant is effective to produce a % sludge by mass at 72 hours of 0.15 or less and a 72 hour TAN of 0.5 or less, and to produce a % sludge by mass at 164 hours of 0.5 or less and a 164 hour TAN of 0.6 or less.  
     
     
         59 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 14  comprising a pour point of about −40° C. or less, as measured using ASTM D92.  
     
     
         60 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 15  comprising a pour point of about −40° C. or less, as measured using ASTM D92.  
     
     
         61 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 58  comprising a pour point of about -40  2 C or less, as measured using ASTM D92.  
     
     
         62 . The cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid of  claim 61  comprising: 
 a color of about 0.5 or less, as measured using ASTM D1500;    a flash point of about 145° C. or greater, as measured using ASTM D92;    an interfacial tension of about 40 dynes/cm or more at 25° C., as measured using ASTM D971;    a relative density of 0.91 or less, according to ASTM D 1298;    a visual examination of clear and bright, according to ASTM D1524;    a viscosity, as measured by ASTM D445, of about 76 cSt or less at 0° C., about 12.0 cSt or less at 40° C., and from about 3.0 cSt or less at 100° C.;    about 35 ppm or less water according to ASTM D1533;    a content of less than 1 ppm polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), as measured using ASTM D4059;    a dielectric breakdown voltage of 30 kV or more at 60 Hz by disc electrodes, according to ASTM D877;    a dielectric breakdown voltage of 20 kV or more at 60 Hz and a 1.02 mm (0.040-inch ) gap using new oil by ASTM D1816;    a dielectric breakdown voltage impulse of about 145 kV or more at 25° C. using a needle-to-sphere grounded 25.4 mm (1-inch) gap, according to ASTM D3300;    a power factor at 60 Hz of 0.05% or less at 25° C., and of 0.30% or less at 100° C., according to ASTM D924.    
     
     
         63 . A method for making a cycloalkane base oil comprising: 
 refining crude under refining conditions effective to produce aromatic vacuum gas oil boiling at a temperature in the range of from 371° C. to 538° C., the aromatic vacuum gas oil comprising carbonaceous materials, a majority of the carbonaceous materials being selected from the group consisting of cycloalkanes and aromatics;    contacting the aromatic vacuum gas oil with hydrocracking catalyst under hydrocracking conditions effective to produce hydrocracking product;    subjecting hydrocracking product to stripping conditions effective to increase the content of cyclic hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of cycloalkanes, cycloalkenes, and combinations thereof and removing hydrogen sulfide and ammonia and producing stripped hydrocracking product;    contacting stripped hydrocracking product with isomerization/dewaxing/hydrogenation (IDH) catalyst comprising a metal selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, and combinations thereof, under IDH conditions effective to saturate aromatics to cycloalkanes, reduce normal paraffins, and to produce IDH product comprising greater than 50 wt. % of one or more cyclic hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of cycloalkanes and cycloalkenes;    without solvent extracting, contacting IDH product with hydrotreating catalyst under hydrotreating conditions effective to produce hydrotreated product comprising greater than 50 wt. % cycloalkanes; and, separating from said hydrotreated product cycloalkane base oil comprising a quantity of less than 50 wt. % isoparaffins and 50 wt. % or more cycloalkanes, said cycloalkane base oil boiling. at a temperature in the range of from about 260° C. to about 371° C.    
     
     
         64 . The method of  claim 63  wherein said cycloalkane base oil comprises from 50 wt. % to 70 wt. % cycloalkanes having the formula C n H 2n  wherein n is from 15 to 30.  
     
     
         65 . The method of  claim 63  wherein the IDH conditions comprise: 
 IDH temperatures of from about 250° C. to about 390° C.;    IDH gas pressures greater than atmospheric;    IDH hydrogen circulation rates of from about 400 to about 15,000 SCF/B; and, IDH liquid hourly space velocities of from about 0.1 hr.− 1  to about 20 hr −1 .    
     
     
         66 . The method of  claim 63  wherein the refining conditions are effective to produce aromatic vacuum gas oil comprising the following distribution of carbonaceous materials, in descending order of concentration: aromatics>cycloalkanes >isoparaffins>normal paraffins.  
     
     
         67 . The method of  claim 63  wherein the refining conditions are effective to produce aromatic vacuum gas oil comprising from about 40 wt. % to about 60 wt. % aromatic content.  
     
     
         68 . The method of  claim 65  wherein the refining conditions are effective to produce aromatic vacuum gas oil comprising from about 40 wt. % to about 60 wt. % aromatic content.  
     
     
         69 . The method of  claim 63  wherein the refining conditions are effective to produce aromatic vacuum gas oil comprising from about 50 to about 60 wt. % aromatic content.  
     
     
         70 . The method of  claim 63  wherein the refining conditions are effective to produce aromatic vacuum gas oil comprising from about 55 wt. % to about 60 wt. % aromatic content.  
     
     
         71 . The method of  claim 67  wherein the refining conditions are effective to produce aromatic vacuum gas oil comprising: 
 from about 20 wt. % to about 30 wt. % cycloalkanes;    from about 10 wt. % to about 15 wt. % isoparaffins; and, from about 5 wt. % to about 15 wt. % normal paraffins.    
     
     
         72 . The method of  claim 68  wherein the hydrocracking conditions comprise a hydrocracking pressure greater than atmospheric pressure and the stripping conditions comprise a stripping pressure greater than atmospheric pressure.  
     
     
         73 . The method of  claim 72  wherein the IDH conditions comprise an IDH pressure of greater than atmospheric.  
     
     
         74 . The method of  claim 73  wherein the IDH pressure is substantially the same as the stripping pressure.  
     
     
         75 . The method of  claim 74  wherein the hydrocracking pressure is about 30 atm or more.  
     
     
         76 . The method of  claim 68  wherein the hydrotreating conditions comprise 
 hydrotreating catalyst effective to convert unsaturated bonds into saturated bonds comprising converting at least some of any remaining aromatics into cycloalkanes; and,    hydrotreating pressure of greater than atmospheric pressure.    
     
     
         77 . The method of  claim 76  wherein the hydrotreating conditions comprise a hydrotreating pressure substantially the same as the IDH pressure.  
     
     
         78 . The method of  claim 77  wherein the hydrotreating pressure is about 30 atm or more.  
     
     
         79 . The method of  claim 63  wherein the cycloalkane base oil comprises from about 20 wt. % to about 40 wt. % isoparaffins.  
     
     
         80 . The method of  claim 64  wherein the cycloalkane base oil comprises from about 20 wt. % to about 40 wt. % isoparaffins.  
     
     
         81 . The method of  claim 63  wherein a majority of the one or more cycloalkanes in the cycloalkane base oil comprise alkyl-substituted cycloalkanes having from about 15 to about 30 carbon atoms.  
     
     
         82 . The method of  claim 78  wherein a majority of the one or more cycloalkanes in the cycloalkane base oil comprise alkyl-substituted cycloalkanes having from about 15 to about 30 carbon atoms.  
     
     
         83 . The method of  claim 82  wherein 70 wt. % or more of the one or more cycloalkanes in the cycloalkane base oil comprise said alkyl-substituted cycloalkanes.  
     
     
         84 . The method of  claim 82  wherein 90 wt. % or more of the one or more cycloalkanes in the cycloalkane base oil comprise said alkyl-substituted cycloalkanes.  
     
     
         85 . The method of  claim 63  wherein the separation conditions are fractionation conditions effective to separate hydrotreated product boiling at a temperature of greater than 371° C. as bottoms, and effective to separate hydrotreated product boiling at a temperature of less than 260° C. as overhead.  
     
     
         86 . The method of  claim 84  wherein the separation conditions are fractionation conditions effective to separate hydrotreated product boiling at a temperature of greater than 371° C. as bottoms, and effective to separate hydrotreated product boiling at a temperature of less than 260° C. as overhead.  
     
     
         87 . The method of  claim 63  further comprising adding to said cycloalkane base oil an amount of antigassing agent effective to reduce gassing tendency of the hydrotreated product.  
     
     
         88 . The method of  claim 87  wherein the amount of antigassing agent is effective to reduce gassing tendency to about +30 μL/min. or less.  
     
     
         89 . The method of  claim 87  wherein the amount of antigassing agent is effective to reduce gassing tendency to about +15 μgL/min. or less.  
     
     
         90 . The method of  claim 87  wherein the amount of antigassing agent is effective to reduce gassing tendency to about +5 μgL/min. or less.  
     
     
         91 . The method of  claim 87  wherein the amount of antigassing agent is effective to reduce gassing tendency to about 0 μgL/min. or less.  
     
     
         92 . The method of  claim 86  further comprising adding to said cycloalkane base oil an amount of antigassing agent effective to reduce gassing tendency to about +5 μgL/min. or less.  
     
     
         93 . The method of  claim 86  further comprising adding to said cycloalkane base oil an amount of antigassing agent effective to reduce gassing tendency to about 0 μgL/min. or less.  
     
     
         94 . The method of  claim 63  further comprising adding to said cycloalkane base oil about 5 wt. % or less antigassing agent to produce cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid.  
     
     
         95 . The method of  claim 63  further comprising adding to said cycloalkane base oil about 2 wt. % or less antigassing agent to produce cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid.  
     
     
         96 . The method of  claim 63  further comprising adding to said cycloalkane base oil about 0.5 wt. % to about 1 wt. % antigassing agent to produce cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid.  
     
     
         97 . The method of  claim 92  further comprising adding to said cycloalkane base oil about 2 wt. % or less antigassing agent to produce cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid.  
     
     
         98 . The method of  claim 92  further comprising adding to said cycloalkane base oil about 0.5 wt. % to about 1 wt. % antigassing agent to produce cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid, said wt. % being based on the weight of dielectric liquid.  
     
     
         99 . The method of  claim 63  further comprising adding to said cycloalkane base oil a quantity of one or more antioxidant selected from the group consisting of hindered phenols, cinnamate type phenolic esters, and alkylated diphenylamines, said quantity being effective to reduce sludge formation and total acid number in mg of KOH/g (TAN) under oxidation conditions.  
     
     
         100 . The method of  claim 97  further comprising adding to said cycloalkane base oil a quantity of one or more antioxidant selected from the group consisting of hindered phenols, cinnamate type phenolic esters, and alkylated diphenylamines, said quantity being effective to reduce sludge formation and total acid number in mg of KOH/g (TAN) under oxidation conditions.  
     
     
         101 . The method of  claim 99  wherein said one or more antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of 2,6-ditertiary-butyl para-cresol, 2,6-ditertiary butylphenol, and combinations thereof.  
     
     
         102 . The method of  claim 100  wherein said one or more antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of 2,6-ditertiary-butyl para-cresol, 2,6-ditertiary butylphenol, and combinations thereof.  
     
     
         103 . The method of  claim 101  further comprising adding to the cycloalkane-base dielectric liquida second quantity of one or more pour point depressants effective to reduce the pour point of the cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid to about −30° C. or less.  
     
     
         104 . The method of  claim 102  further comprising adding to the cycloalkane base oil a second quantity of one or more pour point depressants effective to reduce the pour point of the cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid to about −30° C. or less.  
     
     
         105 . The method of  claim 102  wherein said pour point depressant is effective to reduce the pour point of the cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid to about −40° C. or less.  
     
     
         106 . A method for making a cycloalkane base dielectric liquid comprising: 
 providing cycloalkane base oil comprising a quantity of isoparaffins and from 50 wt. % to 70 wt. % cycloalkanes having the formula C n H 2n  wherein n is from 15 to 30, said quantity of isoparaffins being less than 50 wt. % of said cycloalkane base oil; and,    adding to said cycloalkane base oil one or more agent selected from the group consisting of an amount of antigassing agent effective to reduce gassing tendency of the cycloalkane base oil and a quantity of one or more antioxidant selected from the group consisting of hindered phenols, cinnamate type phenolic esters, and alkylated diphenylamines, said quantity of one or more antioxidant being effective to reduce sludge formation and total acid number in mg of KOH/g (TAN) under oxidation conditions.    
     
     
         107 . The method of  claim 106  comprising adding to the cycloalkane base oil an amount of antigassing agent, the amount being effective to reduce gassing tendency to about +30 μL/min. or less.  
     
     
         108 . The method of  claim 106  comprising adding to the cycloalkane base oil an amount of antigassing agent, the amount being effective to reduce gassing tendency to about +15 μL/min. or less.  
     
     
         109 . The method of  claim 106  comprising adding to the cycloalkane base oil an amount of antigassing agent, the amount being effective to reduce gassing tendency to about +5 μL/min. or less.  
     
     
         110 . The method of  claim 106  comprising adding to the cycloalkane base oil an amount of antigassing agent, the amount being effective to reduce gassing tendency to about 0 μL/min. or less.  
     
     
         111 . The method of  claim 106  comprising adding to the cycloalkane base oil an amount of antigassing agent, the amount being about 2 wt. % or less based on the weight of the cycloalkane base oil.  
     
     
         112 . The method of  claim 109  comprising adding to said cycloalkane base oil an amount of antigassing agent, the amount being from about 0.5 wt. % to about 1 wt. % based on the weight of the cycloalkane base oil.  
     
     
         113 . The method of  claim 106  comprising adding to said cycloalkane base oil a quantity of antioxidant, said one or more antioxidant being selected from the group consisting of 2,6-ditertiary-butyl para-cresol, 2,6-ditertiary butylphenol, and combinations thereof.  
     
     
         114 . The method of  claim 112  comprising adding to said cycloalkane base oil a quantity of antioxidant, said one or more antioxidant being selected from the group consisting of 2,6-ditertiary-butyl para-cresol, 2,6-ditertiary butylphenol, and combinations thereof.  
     
     
         115 . The method of  claim 114  further comprising adding to the cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid a second quantity of one or more pour point depressants effective to reduce the pour point of the cycloalkane-base dielectric liquid to about −30° C. or less.  
     
     
         116 . The method of  claim 106  wherein the cycloalkane base oil boils at a temperature in the range of from about 260° C. to about 371° C.  
     
     
         117 . The method of  claim 114  wherein the cycloalkane base oil boils at a temperature in the range of from about 260° C. to about 371° C. .

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