Suspension system

Abstract

A suspension unit ( 110 ) for a suspension system has an accumulator ( 12 ) for holding and maintaining a fluid such as a gas under pressure. The accumulator is associated with a motion damping unit ( 114 ) that is filled with a fluid, such as an oil, in operation. The accumulator includes a floating piston ( 122 ) that separates a first chamber ( 120 ) in which is stored the pressurised gas, and a second chamber ( 124 ) for storing the other fluid under pressure. A third chamber ( 128 ) in the motion damping unit ( 114 ) is in fluid flow communication with the second chamber ( 124 ) of said accumulator through valve means ( 126 ) controlling the flow of fluid between the chambers. Relative movement between the accumulator ( 112 ) and said motion damping unit ( 114 ) causes fluid to flow from the second chamber ( 124 ) of the accumulator ( 112 ) through the valve ( 126 ) to the third chamber ( 128 ) whereby gas pressure in said first chamber ( 120 ) moves the floating piston ( 122 ) in the accumulator thereby reducing the gas pressure in said first chamber. A side chamber ( 152 ) within said motion damping unit ( 114 ) also expands and contracts with said relative retracting and extending movement of said accumulator ( 112 ) and the motion damping unit ( 114 ). At least one bleed port ( 156 ) communicates the side chamber ( 152 ) with the second chamber ( 124 ), the bleed port ( 156 ) restricting the flow of fluid between the side chamber ( 152 ) and the second chamber ( 124 ) thereby assisting control of the relative movement of the accumulator ( 112 ) and the motion damping unit ( 114 ).

1 . A suspension unit including: 
 an accumulator for holding and maintaining a fluid under pressure, and a motion damping means,    said accumulator having a floating piston that sealingly separates a first chamber for storing a pressurized gas and a second chamber for storing said fluid under pressure;    said motion damping means including a third chamber, that is fluid-filled in operation, in fluid flow communication with said second chamber of said accumulator,    said motion damping means having valve means separating said second chamber from said third chamber for permitting a controlled flow of said fluid between said second and third chambers;    wherein said accumulator and said motion damping means are capable of relative retracting and extending movement during which fluid is forced through said valve means at respective predetermined controlled rates so as to dampen the relative retracting and extending movement;    said relative movement being such that when said accumulator and said motion damping means relatively extend, fluid is caused to flow from said second chamber of the accumulator through the valve means to said third chamber of said motion damping means, whereby gas pressure in said first chamber moves said floating piston in said accumulator thereby reducing the gas pressure in said first chamber and when said accumulator and said motion damping means relatively retract, fluid is caused to flow from said third chamber of said motion damping means through the valve means to said second chamber of said accumulator, thereby increasing the fluid pressure therein and moving said floating piston to increase the pressure of the gas in said first chamber;    wherein said suspension system further includes:    a side chamber within said motion damping means about said accumulator, wherein said side chamber respectively expands and contracts with said relative retracting and extending movement of said accumulator and said motion damping means; and    at least one bleed port communicating said side chamber with said second chamber, the bleed port restricting the flow of fluid between the side chamber and the second chamber thereby assisting control of the relative movement of the accumulator and said motion damping means.    
   
   
       2 . A suspension system according to  claim 1  wherein said valve means is provided in a valve body fixed at an inner end of said accumulator.  
   
   
       3 . A suspension system according to  claim 1  wherein said valve means is a flooder valve allowing fluid to flow through said valve in two different directions, the valve means having fluid passageways of different sizes such that the rate of flow of fluid through said valve means from the second chamber to the third chamber under predetermined extending forces differs from the rate of flow of fluid through said valve means from the third chamber to the second chamber under similar retracting forces.  
   
   
       4 . A suspension system according to  claim 1  further including by-pass conduits located externally of said the valve means to provide variable valving.  
   
   
       5 . A suspension system according to  claim 1 , further including a cooling jacket about at least a part of the motion damping means to reducing the temperature of fluid and gas in the said system during operation.  
   
   
       6 . A suspension system according to  claim 1  wherein said side chamber is an annular chamber between said accumulator and said motion damping means.  
   
   
       7 . A suspension system according to  claim 1  wherein said side chamber has a non-return valve arrangement whereby fluid may pass directly from the third chamber to the side chamber.  
   
   
       8 . A suspension system according to  claim 7  wherein said side chamber receives said fluid from said third chamber during said relative extending movement, but on rebounding therefrom such fluid is bled from the side chamber into said second chamber of said accumulator through said at least one bleed port.  
   
   
       9 . A suspension system according to  claim 1  wherein said valve means is provided in a valve body fixed at an inner end of said accumulator, and said non-return valve arrangement comprises duct means in said valve body for transferring fluid from said third chamber to said side chamber during said relative retracting movement of said accumulator and said motion damping means, and said non-return valve arrangement further includes one or more non-return valve elements for preventing fluid flow through said duct means during said relative extending movement of said accumulator and said motion damping means.  
   
   
       10 . A suspension system according to  claim 9  wherein said one or more non-return valve elements comprises an annular shim.  
   
   
       11 . A suspension system according to  claim 1  wherein said valve means includes inclined passages and associated shims controlling fluid flow at ends of the inclined passages.  
   
   
       12 . A suspension system according to  claim 1  wherein said first chamber comprises a gas-chargeable chamber of selectively variable pressure, the at rest relative positions of said accumulator and motion damping means under predetermined load conditions being adjusted by adjusting said gas pressure.  
   
   
       13 . A suspension system according to  claim 1  wherein said at least one bleed port is displaced from an end of said side chamber so that when an end cap of said motion damping means passes said at least one bleed port during said relative retracting movement of said accumulator and said motion damping means, residual fluid in said side chamber cushions further relative retracting motion of said accumulator and said motion damping means.  
   
   
       14 . A suspension system according to  claim 1  wherein two or more bleed ports are spaced circumferentially around said second chamber and communicate said side chamber with said second chamber.  
   
   
       15 . A suspension system according to  claim 1  wherein two or more bleed ports are spaced axially along said second chamber.  
   
   
       16 . A suspension system according to  claim 1  wherein said floating piston includes a pair of axially spaced sealing rings for engagement with an internal wall of said accumulator.  
   
   
       17 . A suspension system including: 
 a combination of an accumulator for holding and maintaining a fluid under a particular pressure, and a motion damping means,    said accumulator having a floating piston that sealingly separates a first cavity for storing a pressurized gas and a second cavity for storing said fluid under pressure;    said motion damping means including a third cavity, that is fluid-filled in operation, in fluid flow communication with said second cavity of said accumulator,    said motion damping means having valve means separating said second cavity from said third cavity for permitting flow of said fluid between said second and third cavities;    wherein said accumulator and said motion damping means are capable of relative retracting and extending movement during which fluid is forced through said valve means at respective predetermined controlled rates so as to dampen the movement;    said movement being such that when said accumulator and said motion damping means relatively extend, fluid is caused to flow from said second cavity of the accumulator to said third cavity of said motion damping means, whereby gas pressure in said first cavity moves said floating piston in said accumulator to reduce the gas pressure throughout said first cavity, and when said accumulator and said motion damping means relatively retract, fluid is caused to flow from said third cavity of said motion damping means to said second cavity of said accumulator, whereby to move said floating piston to increase the gas pressure of the gas in said first cavity;    wherein said suspension system further includes:    a side chamber within said motion damping means about said accumulator, wherein said side chamber respectively expands and contracts with said relative retracting and extending movement of said accumulator and said motion damping means;    a non-return valve arrangement whereby fluid may pass directly from the third cavity to the side chamber, and    at least one bleed port communicating said side chamber with said second cavity for providing rebound damping control.    
   
   
       18 . A suspension system according to  claim 17  wherein the valve means is such that the rate of fluid flowing through said valve means differs according to retracting or extending movement,  
   
   
       19 . A suspension system according to  claim 17  wherein said side chamber receives said fluid from said motion damping means the during said relative extending movement, but on rebounding therefrom such fluid is bled into said second cavity of said accumulator.  
   
   
       20 . A suspension system according to  claim 17  wherein said valve means is provided in a valve body fixed at an inner end of said accumulator, said valve body having duct means for transferring fluid from said motion damping means to said side chamber during said relative retracting movement of said accumulator and said motion damiping means, and said non-retum valve arrangement includes one or more non-return valve elements for preventing fluid flow through said duct means during said relative extending movement of said accumulator and said motion damping means.  
   
   
       21 . A suspension system according to  claim 20  wherein said one or more non-return valve elements comprises an annular shim.  
   
   
       22 . A suspension system according to  claim 17  wherein said valve means is provided in a valve body fixed at an inner end of said accumulator, said valve body having duct means for transferring fluid from said third cavity to said side chamber during said relative retracting movement of said accumulator and said motion damping means, and said non-return valve arrangement includes one or more non-return valve elements for preventing fluid flow through said duct means during said relative extending movement of said accumulator and said motion damping means.