US2006083990A1PendingUtilityA1
Electrode active material and method of making the same
Individually held — no corporate assignee on recordPriority: Dec 19, 2002Filed: Dec 1, 2005Published: Apr 20, 2006
Est. expiryDec 19, 2022(expired)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
C04B 2235/3244H01M 4/582H01M 4/5825C04B 35/447C04B 2235/441C04B 2235/3272C04B 2235/3277C04B 2235/3262C04B 2235/3206H01M 4/58H01M 4/382C04B 2235/449C04B 2235/3251H01M 2300/0037C04B 2235/3239C04B 2235/3203C01P 2002/72H01M 10/052H01M 4/136Y02E60/10
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Claims
Abstract
The invention provides an electrochemical cell which includes a first electrode and a second electrode which is a counter electrode to said first electrode, and an electrolyte material interposed there between. The first electrode includes an alkali metal phosphorous compound doped with an element having a valence state greater than that of the alkali metal.
Claims
exact text as granted — not AI-modified1 . A battery, comprising:
a first electrode comprising a compound represented by the general nominal formula: [A a ,D d ]M m (XY 4 ) p Z e , wherein: (i) A comprises at least one alkali metal, and 0<a≦9; (ii) D is at least one element with a valence state of ≧2+, and 0<d≦1; (iii) M comprises at least one redox active element, and 1≦m≦3; (iv) XY 4 is selected from the group consisting of X′[O 4-x, Y′ x ], X′[O 4-y, Y′ 2y ], X″S 4 , [X z ′″,X′ 1-z ]O 4 , and mixtures thereof, wherein:
(a) X′ and X′″ are each independently selected from the group consisting of P, As, Sb, Si, Ge, V, S, and mixtures thereof;
(b) X″ is selected from the group consisting of P, As, Sb, Si, Ge, V, and mixtures thereof;
(c) Y′ is selected from the group consisting of a halogen, S, N, and mixtures thereof; and
(d) 0≦x≦3, 0≦y≦2, 0≦z≦1,and1≦p≦3; and
(v) Z is selected from the group consisting of OH, a halogen, and mixtures thereof, and 0≦e≦4; wherein A, D, M, X, Y, Z, a, d, m, p, e, x, y and z are selected so as to maintain electroneutrality of the compound; the battery further comprising a second counter-electrode comprising an intercalation active material; and an electrolyte.
2 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein A is selected from the group consisting of Li, K, Na, and mixtures thereof.
3 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein A is Li.
4 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein D is a transition metal.
5 . The battery of claim 4 , wherein D is selected from the group consisting of Nb, Zr, Ti, Ta, Mo, and W.
6 . The batter of claim 1 , wherein D is selected from the group consisting of Mg, Zr and Nb.
7 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein A is partially substituted by D by isocharge substitution.
8 . The battery of claim 7 , wherein the compound is represented by the general nominal formula [A a-f ,D d ]M m (XY 4 ) p Z e , wherein f=d and 0<f≦1.
9 . The battery of claim 7 , wherein the compound is represented by the general nominal formula [A a-f ,D d ]M m (XY 4 ) p Z e , wherein f≠d and 0<f≦9.
10 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein A is partially substituted by D by aliovalent substitution.
11 . The battery of claim 1 0 , wherein the compound is represented by the general nominal formula
[
A
a
-
f
V
A
,
D
d
V
D
]
M
m
(
XY
4
)
p
Z
e
,
wherein f=d and 0<f≦1, V A is the oxidation state of A and V D is the oxidation state of D.
12 . The battery of claim 10 , wherein the compound is represented by the general nominal formula
[
A
a
-
f
V
A
,
D
d
V
D
]
M
m
(
XY
4
)
p
Z
e
,
wherein f≠d and 0<f≦9, V A is the oxidation state of A and V D is the oxidation state of D.
13 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Ti 2+ , V 2+ , Cr 2+ , Mn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Mo 2+ , Si 2+ , Sn 2+ , and Pb 2+ .
14 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Ti 3+ , V 3+ , Cr 3+ , Mn 3+ , Fe 3+ , Co 3+ , Ni 3+ , Mo 3+ , and Nb 3+ .
15 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein M=MI n MII o , 0<o+n≦3 and 0<o,n, wherein MI and MII are each independently selected from the group consisting of redox active elements and non-redox active elements, wherein at least one of MI and MII is redox active.
16 . The battery of claim 15 , wherein MI and MII are both redox active.
17 . The battery of claim 15 , wherein MI is substituted by MII by isocharge substitution.
18 . The battery of claim 17 , wherein M=MI n-p MII o , and o=p.
19 . The battery of claim 17 , wherein M=MI n-p MII o , and o≠p.
20 . The battery of claim 17 , wherein MI is selected from the group consisting of Ti 2+ , V 2+ , Cr 2+ , Mn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Mo 2+ , Si 2+ , Sn 2+ , Pb 2+ , and mixtures thereof, and MII is selected from the group consisting of Be 2+ , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ , Ge 2+ , and mixtures thereof.
21 . The battery of claim 17 , wherein MI is selected from the group consisting of Ti 2+ , V 2+ , Cr 2+ , Mn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Mo 2+ , Si 2+ , Sn 2+ , Pb 2+ , and mixtures thereof, and MII is selected from the group consisting of Be 2+ , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , and mixtures thereof.
22 . The battery of claim 17 , wherein MI is selected from the group consisting of Ti 2+ , V 2+ , Cr 2+ , Mn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Mo 2+ , Si 2+ , Sn 2+ , Pb 2+ , and mixtures thereof, and MII is selected from the group consisting of Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ , and mixtures thereof.
23 . The battery of claim 17 , wherein MI is selected from the group consisting of Ti 3+ , V 3+ , Cr 3+ , Mn 3+ , Fe 3+ , Co 3+ , Ni 3+ , Mo 3+ , Nb 3+ , and mixtures thereof, and MII is selected from the group consisting of Sc 3+ , Y 3+ , B 3+ , Al 3+ , Ga 3+ , In 3+ , and mixtures thereof.
24 . The battery of claim 15 , wherein MI is substituted by MII by aliovalent substitution.
25 . The battery of claim 24 , wherein M=MI n-o MII o .
26 . The battery of claim 24 , wherein
M
=
MI
n
-
o
V
MI
MII
o
V
MII
,
wherein V MI is the oxidation state of MI, and V MII is the oxidation state of MII.
27 . The battery of claim 26 , wherein MI is selected from the group consisting of Ti 2+ , V 2+ , Cr 2+ , Mn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Mo 2+ , Si 2+ ,Sn 2+ , Pb 2+ , and mixtures thereof, and MII is selected from the group consisting of Sc 3+ , Y 3+ , B 3+ , Al 3+ , Ga 3+ , In 3+ , and mixtures thereof.
28 . The battery of claim 26 , wherein MI is selected from the group consisting of Ti 2+ , V 2+ , Cr 2+ , Mn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Mo 2+ , Si 2+ , Sn 2+ , Pb 2+ , and mixtures thereof, and MII is selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, Cu 1+ , Ag 1+ , and mixtures thereof.
29 . The battery of claim 26 , wherein MI is selected from the group consisting of Ti 3+ , V 3+ , Cr 3+ , Mn 3+ , Fe 3+ , Co 3+ , Ni 3+ , Mo 3+ , Nb 3+ , and mixtures thereof, and MII is selected from the group consisting of Be 2+ , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ , Ge 2+ , and mixtures thereof.
30 . The battery of claim 26 , wherein MI is selected from the group consisting of Ti 3+ , V 3+ , Cr 3+ , Mn 3+ , Fe 3+ , Co 3+ , Ni 3+ , Mo 3+ , Nb 3+ , and mixtures thereof MII is selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, Cu 1+ , Ag 1+ , and mixtures thereof.
31 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein M=M1 q M2 r M3 s , wherein:
(a) M1 is a redox active element with a 2+ oxidation state; (b) M2 is selected from the group consisting of redox and non-redox active elements with a 1 + oxidation state; (c) M3 is selected from the group consisting of redox and non-redox active elements with a 3+ oxidation state; and (d) at least one of p, q and r is greater than 0, and at least one of M1, M2, and M3 is redox active.
32 . The battery of claim 31 , wherein q=q−(r+s).
33 . The battery of claim 31 , wherein
M
=
M
1
q
-
r
V
M1
-
s
V
M1
M
2
r
V
M2
M
3
s
V
M3
,
wherein V MI is the oxidation state of M1, V M2 is the oxidation state of M2, and V M3 is the oxidation state of M3.
34 . The battery of claim 33 , wherein M1 is selected from the group consisting of Ti 2+ , V 2+ , Cr 2+ , Mn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Mo 2+ , Si 2+ , Sn 2+ , Pb 2+ , and mixtures thereof; M2 is selected from the group consisting of Cu 1+ , Ag 1+ and mixtures thereof; and M3 is selected from the group consisting of Ti 3+ , V 3+ , Cr 3+ , Mn 3+ , Fe 3+ , Co 3 , Ni 3+ , Mo 3+ , Nb 3+ , and mixtures thereof.
35 . The battery of claim 33 , wherein MI is selected from the group consisting of Ti 2+ , V 2+ , Cr 2+ , Mn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Mo 2+ , Si 2+ , Sn 2+ , Pb 2+ , and mixtures thereof; M2 is selected from the group consisting of Li 1+ , K 1+ , Na 1+ , Ru 1+ , Cs 1+ , and mixtures thereof; and M3 is selected from the group consisting of Ti 3+ , V 3+ , Cr 3+ , Mn 3+ , Fe 3+ , Co 3+ , Ni 3+ , Mo 3+ , Nb 3+ , and mixtures thereof.
36 . The battery of claim 33 , wherein MI is selected from the group consisting of Be 2+ , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ , Ge 2+ , and mixtures thereof; M2 is selected from the group consisting of Cu 1+ , Ag 1+ and mixtures thereof; and M3 is selected from the group consisting of Ti 3+ , V 3+ , Cr 3+ , Mn 3+ , Fe 3+ , Co 3+ , Ni 3+ , Mo 3+ , Nb 3+ , and mixtures thereof.
37 . The battery of claim 33 , wherein Ml is selected from the group consisting of Be 2+ , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ , Ge 2+ , and mixtures thereof; M2 is selected from the group consisting of Li 1+ , K 1+ , Na 1+ , Ru 1+ , Cs 1+ , and mixtures thereof; and M3 is selected from the group consisting of Ti 3+ , V 3+ , Cr 3+ , Mn 3+ , Fe 3+ , Co 3+ , Ni 3+ , Mo 3+ , Nb 3+ , and mixtures thereof.
38 . The battery of claim 33 , wherein M1 is selected from the group consisting of Ti 2+ , V 2+ , Cr 2+ , Mn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Mo 2+ , Si 2+ , Sn 2+ , Pb 2+ , and mixtures thereof; M2 is selected from the group consisting of Cu 1+ , Ag 1+ and mixtures thereof; and M3 is selected from the group consisting of Sc 3+ , Y 3+ , B 3+ , Al 3+ , Ga 3+ , In 3+ , and mixtures thereof.
39 . The battery of claim 33 , wherein M1 is selected from the group consisting of Ti 2+ , V 2+ , Cr 2+ , Mn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Mo 2+ , Si 2+ , Pb 2+ , and mixtures thereof; M2 is selected from the group consisting of Li 1+ , K 1+ , Na 1+ , Ru 1+ , Cs 1+, and mixtures thereof; and M3 is selected from the group consisting of Sc 3+ , Y 3+ , B 3+ , Al 3+ , Ga 3+ , In 3+ , and mixtures thereof.
40 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein the counter-electrode comprises an intercalation active material selected from the group consisting of a transition metal oxide, a metal chalcogenide, carbon, and mixtures thereof.
41 . The battery of claim 40 , wherein the counter-electrode comprises graphite.
42 . A compound made by a process comprising the step of reacting at least one A-containing compound, at least one D-containing compound, one or more M-containing compounds, at least one XY 4 -supplying or containing compound, and (optionally) one or more Z-containing compounds, at a temperature and for a time sufficient to form the compound;
Wherein the compound is represented by the general nominal formula: [A a ,D d ]M m (XY 4 ) p Z e , wherein: (i) A comprises at least one alkali metal, and 0<a≦9; (ii) D is at least one element with a valence state of ≧2+, and 0<d≦1; (iii) M comprises at least one redox active element, and 1≦m≦3; (iv) XY 4 is selected from the group consisting of X′[O 4-x, Y′ x ], X′[O 4-y, Y′ 2y ], X″S 4 , [X z ′″,X′ 1-z ]O 4 , and mixtures thereof, wherein:
(a) X′ and X′″ are each independently selected from the group consisting of P, As, Sb, Si, Ge, V, S, and mixtures thereof;
(b) X″ is selected from the group consisting of P, As, Sb, Si, Ge, V, and mixtures thereof;
(c) Y′ is selected from the group consisting of a halogen, S, N, and mixtures thereof; and
(d) 0≦x≦3, 0≦y≦2, 0≦z≦1, and 1≦p≦3; and
(v) Z is selected from the group consisting of OH, a halogen, and mixtures thereof, and 0≦e≦4; wherein A, D, M, X, Y, Z, a, d, m, p, e, x, y and z are selected so as to maintain electroneutrality of the compound.Join the waitlist — get patent alerts
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