Novel fuel with high octane index and reduced lead content

Abstract

The invention concerns a novel fuel with high octane index and reduced lead content. Said fuel has a lead content not more than 0.56 gram per liter of fuel, containing at least a first hydrocarbon base (B1) consisting essentially of isoparaffins including 4 or 5 carbon atoms, and a second hydrocarbon base (B2) consisting essentially of isoparaffins including 6 to 9 carbon atoms, and optionally at least a complement (B3) consisting essentially of alkylaromatic hydrocarbons including 6 to 11 carbon atoms, and wherein: the base B2 content in the fuel ranges between 45 vol. % and 85 vol. % and preferably between 50 vol. % and 82 vol. %, and the ratio B1/B2 of amounts in volume % ranges between 0.10 and 0.60 and preferably between 0.15 and 0.45. The invention also concerns a method for preparing said fuel and uses thereof.

1 . A fuel having a lead content of less than or equal to 0.56 gram per liter of fuel, containing at least one first hydrocarbon base (B1) comprising more than 70% volume of isoparaffins containing 4 or 5 carbon atoms, and also at least one second hydrocarbon base (B2) comprising more than 70% volume of isoparaffins containing 6 to 9 carbon atoms, and optionally at least one supplement (B3) comprising more than 70% volume of hydrocarbons of alkylaromatic type containing 6 to 11 carbon atoms, in which: 
 the content of the base B2 in the fuel is between 45% and 85% by volume and preferably between 50% and 82% by volume, and in that    the ratio of the volume percentage amounts B1/B2 is between 0.10 and 0.60 and preferably between 0.15 and 0.45.    
   
   
       2 . The fuel as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the lead content is less than 0.56 gram per liter of fuel.  
   
   
       3 . The fuel as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the content of the base B2 is between 55% and 75% by volume.  
   
   
       4 . The fuel as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the content of the base B1 is between 12% and 30% by volume.  
   
   
       5 . The fuel as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein it comprises less than 5% by volume of cycloparaffins containing 5 to 8 carbon atoms.  
   
   
       6 . The fuel as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the first base (B1) comprises at least 80% by volume and preferably at least 90% by volume of isoparaffins containing 5 carbon atoms.  
   
   
       7 . The fuel as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein isopentane constitutes at least 90% by volume of the isoparaffins containing 5 carbon atoms.  
   
   
       8 . The fuel as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the content of isoparaffins containing 4 carbon atoms in the base (B1) is less than or equal to 10% by volume.  
   
   
       9 . The fuel as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the second base (B2) comprises at least 80% by volume and preferably at least 90% by volume of isoparaffins containing 8 carbon atoms.  
   
   
       10 . The fuel as claimed in  claim 9 , wherein isooctanes constitute at least 70% by volume and preferably at least 75% by volume of the isoparaffins containing 8 carbon atoms.  
   
   
       11 . The fuel as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the supplement (B3) comprises at least 80% by volume and preferably at least 85% by volume of aromatic compounds containing 6 to 9 carbon atoms.  
   
   
       12 . The fuel as claimed in  claim 11 , wherein toluene constitutes at least 45% by volume and preferably at least 50% by volume of the aromatic hydrocarbons.  
   
   
       13 . The fuel as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the volume percentage amounts B3/B2 is between 0.00 and 0.60 and preferably between 0.00 and 0.55.  
   
   
       14 . The fuel as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the volume percentage amounts B3/B2 is between 0.1 and 0.60 and preferably between 0.2 and 0.45.  
   
   
       15 . A fuel having a lead content of less than or equal to 0.56 gram per liter of fuel, containing at least one first part of isoparaffins containing 4 or 5 carbon atoms, and also at least one second part of isoparaffins containing 6 to 9 carbon atoms, and optionally at least one supplementary part of hydrocarbons of alkylaromatic type containing 6 to 11 carbon atoms, in which: 
 the content of isoparaffins containing 6 to 9 carbon atoms in the fuel is between 45% and 85% by volume and preferably between 50% and 82% by volume, and in that    the ratio of the volume percentage amounts of isoparaffins containing 4 or 5 carbon atoms/isoparaffins containing 6 to 9 carbon atoms is between 0.10 and 0.60 and preferably between 0.15 and 0.45.    
   
   
       16 . The fuel as claimed in  claim 15 , characterized in wherein the lead content is less than 0.56 gram per liter of fuel.  
   
   
       17 . The fuel as claimed in  claim 15 , wherein the content of isoparaffins containing 6 to 9 carbon atoms in the fuel is between 55% and 75% by volume.  
   
   
       18 . The fuel as claimed in  claim 15 , wherein the content of isoparaffins containing 4 or 5 carbon atoms in the fuel is between 12% and 30% by volume.  
   
   
       19 . The fuel as claimed in one of  claim 15 , wherein it comprises less than 5% by volume of cycloparaffins containing 5 to 8 carbon atoms.  
   
   
       20 . The fuel as claimed in of  claim 15 , wherein the ratio of the volume percentage amounts of hydrocarbons of alkylaromatic type containing 6 to 11 carbon atoms/isoparaffins containing 6 to 9 carbon atoms is between 0.00 and 0.60 and preferably between 0.00 and 0.55.  
   
   
       21 . The fuel as claimed in  claim 15 , wherein the ratio of the volume percentage amounts of hydrocarbons of alkylaromatic type containing 6 to 11 carbon atoms/isoparaffins containing 6 to 9 carbon atoms is between 0.1 and 0.60 and preferably between 0.2 and 0.45.  
   
   
       22 . The fuel as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein its lead content is less than or equal to 0.42 gram per liter of fuel and preferably 0.28 gram per liter of fuel.  
   
   
       23 . The fuel as claimed in one of  claim 1 , wherein its lead content is less than or equal to 0.26 and preferably less than 0.14 gram per liter of fuel.  
   
   
       24 . The fuel as claimed in one of  claim 1 , wherein its lead content is between 0.10 and 0.28 and preferably between 0.14 and 0.26 gram per liter of fuel.  
   
   
       25 . The fuel as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein its F4 octane number is greater than or equal to 130.  
   
   
       26 . The fuel as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein its Net Heat of Combustion (determined according to standard ASTM D4529) is greater than or equal to 39.1 MJ/kg and preferably greater than or equal to 43.5 MJ/kg.  
   
   
       27 . The fuel as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein its Net Heat of Combustion (determined according to standard ASTM D4529) is between 39.1 MJ/kg and 43.5 MJ/kg, preferably between 39.1 MJ/kg and 43 MJ/kg, advantageously between 39.1 MJ/kg and 42.2 MJ/kg and more advantageously between 39.1 MJ/kg and 41.3 MJ/kg.  
   
   
       28 - 33 . (canceled)  
   
   
       34 . The fuel as claimed in  claim 15 , wherein its lead content is less than or equal to 0.42 gram per liter of fuel and preferably 0.28 gram per liter of fuel.  
   
   
       35 . The fuel as claimed in  claim 15 , wherein its lead content is less than or equal to 0.26 and preferably less than 0.14 gram per liter of fuel.  
   
   
       36 . The fuel as claimed in  claim 15 , wherein its lead content is between 0.10 and 0.28 and preferably between 0.14 and 0.26 gram per liter of fuel.  
   
   
       37 . The fuel as claimed in  claim 15 , wherein its F4 octane number is greater than or equal to 130.  
   
   
       38 . The fuel as claimed in  claim 15 , wherein its Net Heat of Combustion (determined according to standard ASTM D4529) is greater than or equal to 39.1 MJ/kg and preferably greater than or equal to 43.5 MJ/kg.  
   
   
       39 . The fuel as claimed in  claim 15 , wherein its Net Heat of Combustion (determined according to standard ASTM D4529) is between 39.1 MJ/kg and 43.5 MJ/kg, preferably between 39.1 MJ/kg and 43 MJ/kg, advantageously between 39.1 MJ/kg and 42.2 MJ/kg and more advantageously between 39.1 MJ/kg and 41.3 MJ/kg.  
   
   
       40 . A process for preparing a fuel with a low lead content and a high octane number, in which at least one first hydrocarbon base (B1) comprising more than 70% volume of isoparaffins containing 4 or 5 carbon atoms, and at least one second hydrocarbon base (B2) comprising more than 70% volume of isoparaffins containing 6 to 9 carbon atoms, and optionally a supplement (B3) comprising more than 70% volume of hydrocarbons of alkylaromatic type containing 6 to 11 carbon atoms, are mixed together in amounts such that: 
 the content of the base B2 in the fuel is between 45% and 85% by volume and preferably between 50% and 82% by volume, and in that    the ratio of the volume percentage amounts B1/B2 is between 0.10 and 0.60 and preferably between 0.15 and 0.45.    
   
   
       41 . The process as claimed in  claim 40 , for the preparation of the fuel as claimed in  claim 1 .  
   
   
       42 . The process as claimed in  claim 40 , for the preparation of the fuel as claimed in  claim 15 .  
   
   
       43 . The use of the fuel as claimed in  claim 1  for fueling, alone or as a mixture, an aircraft controlled-ignition engine.  
   
   
       44 . The use of the fuel as claimed in  claim 1  for fueling, alone or as a mixture, a controlled-ignition engine of a competition vehicle or the like.  
   
   
       45 . The use of the fuel as claimed in  claim 1  for fueling, alone or as a mixture, a fuel processing unit, such as a reformer, coupled to a fuel cell.  
   
   
       46 . The use of the fuel as claimed in  claim 1  for reducing the pollution emissions of a controlled-ignition engine.  
   
   
       47 . The use of the fuel as claimed in  claim 15  for fueling, alone or as a mixture, an aircraft controlled-ignition engine.  
   
   
       48 . The use of the fuel as claimed in  claim 15  for fueling, alone or as a mixture, a controlled-ignition engine of a competition vehicle or the like.  
   
   
       49 . The use of the fuel as claimed in  claim 15  for fueling, alone or as a mixture, a fuel processing unit, such as a reformer, coupled to a fuel cell.  
   
   
       50 . The use of the fuel as claimed in  claim 15  for reducing the pollution emissions of a controlled-ignition engine.