Integral formwork system for the construction of pits for loading ramps

Abstract

An integral formwork system for the construction of pits ( 20 ) for loading ramps ( 10 ), comprising a set of appropriately reinforced sheet metal panels, piping and sections, bolted to each other; in particular, the formwork is of disposable type, built with specific construction, lightweight, resistant, and compact in size, in order to permit single operation casting for paving (PCL), from the pit level of the formwork without the need to provide special and expensive connecting structures such as flexible joints. Moreover, the system in question also permits the construction of overhang ledges ( 23 ) without special moulds; when work is completed, these overhang ledges ( 23 ) are able to bear the weight of the loading ramp ( 10 ) and the vehicle positioned on it ( 17 ).

1 . Integral formwork for the construction of pits ( 20 ) for loading ramps ( 10 ), wherein each ramp ( 10 ) comprises at least one metal platform ( 11 ) on which an articulated extension ( 12 ) is applied so that the flatbeds ( 13 ) of vehicles ( 14 ) can be connected to a platform ( 15 ) for the transporting of goods, said formwork including a set of reinforced panels, piping and sections, assembled together to form a disposable structure, and said pits ( 20 ) including at least one recess ( 18 ,  22 ) for the insertion of a tailgate ( 19 ), characterised in that said formwork further includes at least two rigid side panels (FF 1 , FF 2 ), a front connecting beam (IAN), composed of at least a first horizontal metal section (TPR) whose ends are fixed to second shaped sections (PRA 1 , PRA 2 ) defining a width of at least one space (VSM) for the insertion of said tailgate ( 19 ), and third sections (AP 1 , AP 2 ), fixed to said first section (TPR), suitable for connecting all the elements of the formwork and for fixing a plurality of front buffers (PA 1 , PA 2 ) and side plates (LAT 1 , LAT 2 ).  
     
     
         2 . Integral formwork according to  claim 1 , characterised in that said pits ( 20 ) are prefabricated or they are built so that said formwork remains included inside a cast concrete.  
     
     
         4 . Integral formwork according to claim  3  characterised in that said pits ( 20 ) can also include at least one recess ( 18 ,  22 ) for the insertion of a tailgate ( 19 ).  
     
     
         5 . Integral formwork according to  claim 4 , characterised in that it includes at least two rigid side panels (FF 1 , FF 2 ), a front connecting beam (AN) composed of at least a first horizontal metal section (TPR), whose ends are fixed to second specially shaped sections (PRA 1 , PRA 2 ), that define the width of at least one space (VSM) for the insertion of said tailgate ( 19 ); a third set of sections (AP 1 , AP 2 ) are fixed to said first section TPR, used to unite the elements of said formwork and to fix a certain number of front buffers (PA 1 , PA 2 ) and side plates (LAT 1 , LAT 2 ).  
     
     
         6 . Integral formwork according to  claim 5  characterised in that said second sections (PRA 1 , PRA 2 ) and said plates (LAT 1 , LAT 2 ) terminate with the elements (PP 1 , PP 2 , PP 3 , PP 4 ) folded back towards the rear, said plates (LAT 1 , LAT 2 ) being configured so that they terminate at the top with a side (LAD 1 , LAD 2 ) folded backwards with parallelepiped elements (PPP 1 , PPP 2 ) on the internal side.  
     
     
         7 . Integral formwork according to  claim 5 , characterised in that it also includes two stiffened external sides (FE 1 , FE 2 ), a head (TE), composed of a metal plate element, possibly reinforced with sections with the application of one or more hinge piping elements (TO 1 , TO 2 , TO 3 ) and/or one or more extra strong rod (ZA), two side head plates (LLT 1 , LLT 2 ), folded over towards the interior of the pit ( 20 ), and at least one reinforced joist (TAR 1 , TAR 2 ) in brick tile and/or concrete, in which gripping iron rods are inserted conformed according to a composition of reinforced prefabricated joists for floor slabs.  
     
     
         9 . Integral formwork according to  claim 5 , characterised in that it includes at least one central joist (TCE) whose ends are fixed to plates (PTZ 1 , PTZ 2 ) and at least one support flange (FL) of said loading ramp ( 10 ) as well as the means for fixing and assembling the various said parts.  
     
     
         9 . Integral formwork according to  claim 5 , characterised in that said front connecting beam (AN) forms an external face on the loading platform ( 15 ) for the goods, and is designed to spread the weight of the casting on at least two side portions (AG 1 , AG 2 ), that form an unsupported overhanging extension ( 23 ) that in turn form the space (VSM) for the insertion of the tailgate ( 19 ), said space (VSM) being defined by a first external side panel (FE 1 ), by a first head plate (LLT 1 ) by said head (TE), by a second head plate (LLT 2 ), and by a second external side panel (FE 2 ) that is connected to said front connecting beam (AN) to present an opening that is wider than the width of an upper pit (FSR) defined by said formwork, used for the installation of said loading ramp ( 10 ), and composed of an initial vertical section (AP 1 ), an internal side panel (FF 1 ), said head (TE) and an external side panel (FF 2 ), that is connected to a second vertical section (AP 2 ) and to said front connecting beam (AN).  
     
     
         10 . Integral formwork according to claim  8 , characterised in that a joist (TCE) is applied below said side panels (FF 1 , FF 2 ) and equipped at each end with at least two plates (PTZ 1 , PTZ 2 ), positioned on the exterior of said side panels (FF 1 , FF 2 ) and fixed to the sides to bear the weight of the casting that forms said two side portions (AG 1 , AG 2 ) that form the overhanging extension.  
     
     
         11 . Integral formwork according to  claim 5 , characterised in that it provides for the use of side forms (CAL 1 , CAL 2 ) and rear form (CAP 1 ), designed to be used for carrying out the casting up to an established height, in order to create single or multiple loading bays through the direct fixing and connection of adjacent formwork, at least one of said forms (CAL 1 ) being maintained at an established distance by an internal perimeter portion of said space (VSM) for tailgate insertion ( 19 ), and by a certain number of shims (DIS) and containing within this distance a certain number of rods (TND) previously positioned in a base slab (SOL)  
     
     
         12 . Integral formwork according to  claim 11 , characterised in that a rolled and compacted inert material (IRC) is piled against the casting in rear and side positions where said formwork is the first or last of a row, or in the case of a single formwork.  
     
     
         13 . Integral formwork according to  claim 9 , characterised in that a concrete foundation (STF) is cast in a single operation, to cover all construction around said formwork, including the layer of said rolled and compacted inert material (IRC), as far as an established height that is lower than the pre-established height of the finished flooring surface, an under-paving grid (RET) being laid above said structure, followed by the casting of the final flooring surface (PCL) in a single operation, starting from the edges of the pit.  
     
     
         14 . Integral formwork according to  claim 9  characterised in that it envisages as an alternative, a certain number of side joists (TAR 1 , TAR 2 ) or plates (LOC 1 , LOC 2 ), specially shaped so that they can be positioned over said external sides (FE 1 , FE 2 ), on the parallelepipeds (PPP 1 , PPP 2 ) and on the side head plates (LLT 1 , LLT 2 ), plus complementary reinforcing stiffening means (FSO 1 , FSO 2 , PFO), designed to form a slab-beam system.  
     
     
         15 . Integral formwork according to  claim 9  characterised in that said external sides (FE 1 , FE 2 ) terminating at the top and bottom with two edges folded over towards the interior of the formwork and said head (TE) composed preferably of a plate that terminates at the bottom with an edge folded inwards towards the interior of the pit ( 20 ) and at the top with a folded edge or a reinforcing section on which on which are applied one ore more portions of piping (TO 1 , TO 2 , TO 3 ) inserted in comb fashion between other portions of piping present on the platform of the ramp ( 11 ), and designed with the insertion of special rods to form a head hinge between the ramp ( 10 ) and the platform ( 15 ).  
     
     
         16 . Integral formwork according to  claim 15 , characterised in that one or more extra strong rods (ZA) are inserted behind said piping portions (TO 1 , TO 2 , TO 3 ).  
     
     
         17 . Integral framework for the construction of loading ramp pits as described, illustrated and claimed for the aims as specified.