Deep conversion combining the demetallization and the conversion of crudes, residues or heavy oils into light liquids with pure or impure oxygenated compounds

Abstract

A process for the conversion of hydrocarbons that are solid or have a high boiling temperature and may be laden with metals, sulfur or sediments, into liquids (gasolines, gas oil, fuels) with the help of a jet of gas properly superheated between 600 and 800° C. The process comprises preheating a feed 5 in a heater 8 to a temperature below the selected temperature of a reactor 10 . This feed is injected by injectors 4 into the empty reactor 10 (i.e., without catalyst.) The feed is treated with a jet of gas or superheated steam from superheater 2 to activate the feed. The activated products in the feed are allowed to stabilize at the selected temperature and at a selected pressure in the reactor and are then run through a series of extractors 13 to separate heavy and light hydrocarbons and to demetallize the feed. Useful products appearing in the form of water/hydrocarbon emulsions are generally demulsified in emulsion breaker 16 to form water laden with different impurities. The light phase containing the final hydrocarbons is heated in heater 98 and is separated into cuts of conventional products, according to the demand for refining by an extractor 18 similar to 13.

1 . A system for the conversion of hydrocarbons comprising: 
 (i) a mixing head comprising: 
 (a) a gas passageway defined by a sidewall circumferentially surrounding a centerline of said gas passageway, said gas passageway having a passageway inlet and a passageway outlet,  
 (b) a plurality of hydrocarbon ports defined by a sidewall circumferentially surrounding a centerline of each of said ports, said ports each having a port inlet and a port outlet, said port outlets positioned circumferentially about the centerline of said gas passageway, said centerline of said plurality of ports at said port outlet intersecting the centerline of said passageway outlet of said gas passageway;  
   (ii) an elongated reactor body extending from said mixing head at an inlet end, said reactor body comprising a reactor passageway defined by a sidewall circumferentially surrounding the centerline of said gas passageway of said mixing head, said reactor passageway surrounding said passageway outlet and said port outlets, and said elongated reactor body having one or more opening(s) at an outlet end; and    (iii) one or more hydrocarbon extractors coupled to said one or more openings of said elongated reactor body.    
     
     
         2 . The system of  claim 1  further comprising a first heater coupled to said gas passageway, and a second heater coupled to said plurality of hydrocarbon ports.  
     
     
         3 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the reactor body is devoid of catalyst.  
     
     
         4 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the reactor body comprises a soot drain.  
     
     
         5 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein one or more of said hydrocarbon extractors is coupled by a gas passageway to compressor suction scrubber.  
     
     
         6 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein one or more than one hydrocarbon extractor is coupled to extractive distillation devices.  
     
     
         7 . The system of  claim 2 , wherein one or more than one hydrocarbon extractor is coupled to said first heater.  
     
     
         8 . The system of  claim 1 , further comprising a steam super heating device coupled to an inlet port of said mixing head.  
     
     
         9 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein a fuel pump is coupled to said first heater.