Wireless physiological monitoring system

Abstract

Embodiments of the invention relate to a wireless physiological monitoring system. The system includes at least one wireless sensor and a monitoring device which are linked to one another of a wireless fashion for measuring physiological signals of a patient. The at least one wireless sensor is located on the patient and may comprise a wireless surface electrode assembly or a wireless needle assembly. The system may also comprise a wireless stimulator syncronized with the wireless sensor for performing certain diagnostic tests, such as nerve conduction velocity tests, for example. The wireless sensor preferably includes active, reference and common conductors. The common conductor can be used to measure the common mode voltage of the patient in the vicinity of the testing, and this voltage can then be subtracted from the measured active and reference voltages.

1 . A wireless physiological monitoring system for measuring physiological signals from a patient, comprising: 
 a monitoring device having a first transceiver;    at least one wireless sensor disposed on a measurement site on the patient for measuring a physiological signal, the at least one wireless sensor having a second transceiver for transmitting a corresponding wireless physiological signal to the first transceiver; and    at least one wireless stimulator having a third transceiver, the at least one wireless stimulator being adapted to provide a stimulation current to the patient in response to at least one of a command signal transmitted by the first transceiver of the monitoring device and manual actuation.    
   
   
       2 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the at least one wireless sensor includes a wireless adapter comprising: 
 the second transceiver; and    a measurement module having an active conductor and a reference conductor for receiving voltages used to produce a differential voltage measurement indicative of the physiological signal, the measurement module further including a common conductor for receiving another voltage for removing common mode voltage from the differential measurement.    
   
   
       3 . The system of  claim 2 , wherein the second transceiver transmits the differential measurement as the wireless physiological signal.  
   
   
       4 . The system of  claim 3 , wherein the at least one wireless sensor comprises a wireless surface electrode assembly comprising the measurement module.  
   
   
       5 . The system of  claim 4 , wherein the measurement module of the wireless electrode assembly comprises: 
 a base having an electrical interface connected to the active, reference and common conductors, the base having a shape complementary to that of the wireless adapter for releasable attachment to the wireless adapter;    an active electrode for placement on the patient, the active electrode being connected to the active conductor;    a reference electrode for placement on the patient, the reference electrode being connected to the reference conductor; and    a common electrode for placement on the patient, the common electrode being connected to the common conductor.    
   
   
       6 . The system of  claim 5 , wherein the active and reference electrodes are located approximately equidistantly from the common electrode.  
   
   
       7 . The system of  claim 3 , wherein the at least one wireless sensor comprises a wireless needle assembly comprising the measurement module.  
   
   
       8 . The system of  claim 7 , wherein the measurement module of the wireless needle assembly comprises: 
 a base having an electrical interface connected to the active, reference and common conductors, the base having a shape complementary to that of the wireless adapter for releasable attachment to the wireless adapter; and    a shaft which houses the active, reference and common conductors, wherein a first conductor is disposed centrally along the longitudinal axis of the shaft, a second conductor is disposed concentrically about the first conductor, a first insulator is disposed in between the first and second conductors, a third conductor is disposed concentrically about the second conductor, and a second insulator is disposed in between the second and third conductors.    
   
   
       9 . The system of  claim 7 , wherein the measurement module of the wireless needle assembly comprises: 
 a base having an electrical interface connected to the active, reference and common conductors, the base having a shape complementary to that of the wireless adapter for releasable attachment to the wireless adapter;    a needle shaft comprising the active and reference conductors; and    a surface electrode comprising the common conductor.    
   
   
       10 . The system of  claim 7 , wherein the measurement module of the wireless needle assembly comprises: 
 a base having an electrical interface connected to the active, reference and common conductors, the base having a shape complementary to that of the wireless adapter for releasable attachment to the wireless adapter;    a needle shaft comprising the active conductor; and    surface electrodes comprising the reference and common conductors, respectively.    
   
   
       11 . A wireless physiological monitoring system for measuring physiological signals from a patient, comprising: 
 a monitoring device having a first transceiver;    at least one wireless sensor disposed on a measurement site on the patient for measuring a physiological signal, the at least one wireless sensor including a wireless adapter having a second transceiver; and    a measurement module having an active conductor and a reference conductor for receiving voltages used to produce a differential voltage measurement indicative of the physiological signal, the measurement module further including a common conductor for receiving another voltage for removing common mode voltage from the differential measurement;    
   
   
       12 . The system of  claim 11 , wherein the second transceiver transmits the differential measurement as the wireless physiological signal.  
   
   
       13 . The system of  claim 12 , wherein the at least one wireless sensor comprises a wireless surface electrode assembly comprising the measurement module.  
   
   
       14 . The system of  claim 13 , wherein the measurement module of the wireless electrode assembly comprises: 
 a base having an electrical interface connected to the active, reference and common conductors, the base having a shape complementary to that of the wireless adapter for releasable attachment to the wireless adapter;    an active electrode for placement on the patient, the active electrode being connected to the active conductor;    a reference electrode for placement on the patient, the reference electrode being connected to the reference conductor; and    a common electrode for placement on the patient, the common electrode being connected to the common conductor.    
   
   
       15 . The system of  claim 14 , wherein the active and reference electrodes are located approximately equidistantly from the common electrode.  
   
   
       16 . The system of  claim 12 , wherein the at least one wireless sensor comprises a wireless needle assembly comprising the measurement module.  
   
   
       17 . The system of  claim 16 , wherein the measurement module of the wireless needle assembly comprises: 
 a base having an electrical interface connected to the active, reference and common conductors, the base having a shape complementary to that of the wireless adapter for releasable attachment to the wireless adapter; and    a shaft which houses the active, reference and common conductors, wherein a first conductor is disposed centrally along the longitudinal axis of the shaft, a second conductor is disposed concentrically about the first conductor, a first insulator is disposed in between the first and second conductors, a third conductor is disposed concentrically about the second conductor, and a second insulator is disposed in between the second and third conductors.    
   
   
       18 . The system of  claim 16 , wherein the measurement module of the wireless needle assembly comprises: 
 a base having an electrical interface connected to the active, reference and common conductors, the base having a shape complementary to that of the wireless adapter for releasable attachment to the wireless adapter;    a needle shaft comprising the active and reference conductors; and    a surface electrode comprising the common conductor.    
   
   
       19 . The system of  claim 16 , wherein the measurement module of the wireless needle assembly comprises: 
 a base having an electrical interface connected to the active, reference and common conductors, the base having a shape complementary to that of the wireless adapter for releasable attachment to the wireless adapter;    a needle shaft comprising the active conductor; and    surface electrodes comprising the reference and common conductors, respectively.    
   
   
       20 . A wireless sensor for measuring a physiological signal from a patient, the wireless sensor being disposed on a measurement site on the patient, the system comprising: 
 a wireless adapter having a transceiver    a measurement module having an active conductor and a reference conductor for receiving voltages used to produce a differential voltage measurement indicative of the physiologicial signal, the measurement module further including a common conductor for receiving another voltage for removing common mode voltage from the differential measurement, wherein the transceiver transmits a wireless physiological signal corresponding to the differential voltage measurement.    
   
   
       21 . The sensor of  claim 20 , wherein the wireless sensor comprises a wireless surface electrode assembly.  
   
   
       22 . The sensor of  claim 21 , wherein the measurement module of the wireless electrode assembly comprises: 
 a base having an electrical interface connected to the active, reference and common conductors, the base having a shape complementary to that of the wireless adapter for releasable attachment to the wireless adapter;    an active electrode for placement on the patient, the active electrode being connected to the active conductor;    a reference electrode for placement on the patient, the reference electrode being connected to the reference conductor; and    a common electrode for placement on the patient, the common electrode being connected to the common conductor.    
   
   
       23 . The sensor of  claim 22 , wherein the active and reference electrodes are located approximately equidistantly from the common electrode.  
   
   
       24 . The sensor of  claim 20 , wherein the wireless sensor comprises a wireless needle assembly.  
   
   
       25 . The sensor of  claim 24 , wherein the measurement module of the wireless needle assembly comprises: 
 a base having an electrical interface connected to the active, reference and common conductors, the base having a shape complementary to that of the wireless adapter for releasable attachment to the wireless adapter; and    a shaft which houses the active, reference and common conductors, wherein a first conductor is disposed centrally along the longitudinal axis of the shaft, a second conductor is disposed concentrically about the first conductor, a first insulator is disposed in between the first and second conductors, a third conductor is disposed concentrically about the second conductor, and a second insulator is disposed in between the second and third conductors.    
   
   
       26 . The sensor of  claim 24 , wherein the measurement module of the wireless needle assembly comprises: 
 a base having an electrical interface connected to the active, reference and common conductors, the base having a shape complementary to that of the wireless adapter for releasable attachment to the wireless adapter;    a needle shaft comprising the active and reference conductors; and    a surface electrode comprising the common conductor.    
   
   
       27 . The sensor of  claim 24 , wherein the measurement module of the wireless needle assembly comprises: 
 a base having an electrical interface connected to the active, reference and common conductors, the base having a shape complementary to that of the wireless adapter for releasable attachment to the wireless adapter;    a needle shaft comprising the active conductor; and    surface electrodes comprising the reference and common conductors, respectively.