Large capacity acid or base generator and method of use

Abstract

Method and apparatus for generating an acid or base, e.g. for chromatographic analysis of anions. For generating a base the method includes the steps of providing a cation source in a cation source reservoir, flowing an aqueous liquid stream through a base generation chamber separated from the cation source reservoir by a barrier (e.g. a charged membrane) substantially preventing liquid flow while providing a cation transport bridge, applying an electric potential between an anode cation source reservoir and a cathode in the base generation chamber to electrolytically generate hydroxide ions therein and to cause cations in the cation source reservoir to electromigrate and to be transported across the barrier toward the cathode to combine with the transported cations to form cation hydroxide, and removing the cation hydroxide in an aqueous liquid stream as an effluent from the first base generation chamber. Suitable cation sources include a salt solution, a cation hydroxide solution or cation exchange resin.

1 - 49 . (canceled)  
   
   
       50 . A method of generating a base comprising the steps of: 
 (a) providing a cation source in a cation source reservoir,    (b) flowing an aqueous liquid stream through a first base generation chamber separated from said cation source reservoir by a first barrier substantially preventing liquid flow while providing a cation transport bridge, said first barrier being at least one mm thick,    (c) applying an electric potential between an anode in electrical communication with said cation source reservoir and a cathode in electrical communication with said first base generation chamber to electrolytically generate hydroxide ions in said first base generation chamber and to cause cations in said cation source reservoir to electromigrate toward said first barrier and to be transported across said first barrier toward said cathode to combine with said transported cations to form cation hydroxide, and    (d) removing the cation hydroxide in an aqueous liquid stream as an effluent from said first base generation chamber.    
   
   
       51 . The method of  claim 50  in which the volume of said cation source reservoir is at least about 5 times the volume of said first base generation chamber.  
   
   
       52 . The method of  claim 50  used to form a base eluent for an anion analysis system further comprising the steps of: 
 (e) flowing said cation hydroxide generated in step (d) and a liquid sample containing anions to be detected through a chromatographic separator in which anions to be detected are chromatographically separated, forming a chromatograph effluent, and    (f) flowing said chromatography effluent, with or without further treatment, past a detector in which the separated ions in said chromatography effluent are detected.    
   
   
       53 . A method of generating a base comprising the steps of: 
 (a) providing a cation source in a cation source reservoir,    (b) flowing an aqueous liquid stream through a first base generation chamber separated from said cation source reservoir by a first barrier substantially preventing liquid flow while providing a cation transport bridge in which a pressure of at least 500 psi is maintained in said first base generation chamber,    (c) applying an electric potential between an anode in electrical communication with said cation source reservoir and a cathode in electrical communication with said first base generation chamber to electrolytically generate hydroxide ions in said first base generation chamber and to cause cations in said cation source reservoir to electromigrate toward said first barrier and to be transported across said first barrier toward said cathode to combine with said transported cations to form cation hydroxide, and    (d) removing the cation hydroxide in an aqueous liquid stream as an effluent from said first base generation chamber.    
   
   
       54 . A method of generating an acid comprising the steps of: 
 (a) providing an anion source in an anion source reservoir,    (b) flowing an aqueous liquid stream through a first acid generation chamber separated from said anion source reservoir by a first barrier substantially preventing liquid flow while providing an anion transport bridge, said barrier being at least one mm thick,    (c) applying an electric potential between a cathode in electrical communication with said anion source reservoir and an anode in electrical communication with said first acid generation chamber to electrolytically generate hydronium ions in said first acid generation chamber and to cause anions in said anion source reservoir to electromigrate toward said first barrier and to be transported across said first barrier toward said anode to combine with said transported anions to form an acid, and    (d) removing the acid in an aqueous liquid stream as an effluent from said first acid generation chamber.    
   
   
       55 . The method of  claim 54  in which the volume of said anion source reservoir is at least about 5 times the volume of said first acid generation chamber.  
   
   
       56 . The method of  claim 53  in which said first barrier is at least one mm thick.  
   
   
       57 . A method of generating an acid comprising the steps of: 
 (a) providing an anion source in an anion source reservoir,    (b) flowing an aqueous liquid stream through a first acid generation chamber separated from said anion source reservoir by a first barrier substantially preventing liquid flow while providing an anion transport bridge, in which a pressure of at least 500 psi is maintained in said first acid generation chamber,    (c) applying an electric potential between a cathode in electrical communication with said anion source reservoir and an anode in electrical communication with said first acid generation chamber to electrolytically generate hydronium ions in said first acid generation chamber and to cause anions in said anion source reservoir to electromigrate toward said first barrier and to be transported across said first barrier toward said anode to combine with said transported anions to form an acid, and    (d) removing the acid in an aqueous liquid stream as an effluent from said first acid generation chamber.    
   
   
       58 . The method of  claim 57  in which said barrier is at least one mm thick.  
   
   
       59 . A method of generating a base comprising the steps of: 
 (a) providing a cation source in a cation source reservoir,    (b) pumping an aqueous liquid stream through a first base generation chamber using a pump with an outlet disposed upstream of a first base generation chamber which is separated from said cation source reservoir by a first barrier substantially preventing liquid flow while providing a cation transport bridge,    (c) applying an electric potential between an anode in electrical communication with said cation source reservoir and a cathode in electrical communication with said first base generation chamber to electrolytically generate hydroxide ions in said first base generation chamber and to cause cations in said cation source reservoir to electromigrate toward said first barrier and to be transported across said first barrier toward said cathode to combine with said transported cations to form cation hydroxide, and    (d) removing the cation hydroxide in an aqueous liquid stream as an effluent from said first base generation chamber.    
   
   
       60 . The method of  claim 59  used to form a base eluent for an anion analysis system further comprising the steps of: 
 (e) flowing said cation hydroxide generated in step (d) and a liquid sample containing anions to be detected through a chromatographic separator in which anions to be detected are chromatographically separated, forming a chromatograph effluent, and    (f) flowing said chromatography effluent, with or without further treatment, past a detector in which the separated ions in said chromatography effluent are detected.    
   
   
       61 . The method of  claim 60  further comprising, prior to step 
 (e), the following step:    (g) pumping through a gradient pump one or more gradient eluents into said cation hydroxide eluent stream.    
   
   
       62 . A method of generating an acid comprising the steps of: 
 (a) providing an anion source in an anion source reservoir,    (b) pumping an aqueous liquid stream through a first acid generation chamber using a pump with an outlet disposed upstream of a first acid generation chamber which is separated from said anion source reservoir by a first barrier substantially preventing liquid flow while providing an anion transport bridge,    (c) applying an electric potential between a cathode in electrical communication with said anion source reservoir and an anode in electrical communication with said first acid generation chamber to electrolytically generate hydronium ions in said first acid generation chamber and to cause anions in said anion source reservoir to electromigrate toward said first barrier and to be transported across said first barrier toward said anode to combine with said transported anions to form an acid, and    (d) removing the acid in an aqueous liquid stream as an effluent from said first acid generation chamber.    
   
   
       63 . The method of  claim 62  used to form an acid eluent for a cation analysis system further comprising the steps of: 
 (e) flowing said acid generated in step (d) and a liquid sample containing cations to be detected through a chromatographic separator in which cations to be detected are chromatographically separated, forming a chromatograph effluent, and    (f) flowing said chromatography effluent, with or without further treatment, past a detector in which the separated cations in said chromatography effluent are detected.