Storage heat exchanger, related operating methods and use of the storage heat exchanger

Abstract

A storage heat exchanger forms part of a heating system installed inside and/or against buildings and/or premises. Heat being generated and/or produced by regeneration sources, and/or combustion material sources, and/or sources disposed inside and/or against buildings and/or premises, and/or sources located at a distance and/or proximate. In at least one exchanger of the invention, the heat is stored in the heating system by at least one storage medium such as a fluid and or phase-change chemical medium. The heat is absorbed and/or diffused for at least a certain time interval through at least one barrier of heat storage media and/or at least a medium container and/or a medium housing. Such a system is implemented so as to make more economical use of materials and mainly for heat storage, the storage of larger amounts of heat being more economical by decentralization and heat production by regeneration can be put to better use.

1 . A storage heat exchanger for heating systems, the storage heat exchanger comprising: 
 a housing; and    a heat storage reservoir disposed in said housing and containing a medium container having walls and at least one storage medium for receiving supplied heat and surrounded by said medium container, and for heat exchange said storage medium being in thermal contact with a further medium or performs heat conduction with said further medium through said walls of said medium container, a boundary of said storage medium, and/or said housing.    
   
   
       2 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 1 , further comprising further storing/exchanging units selected from the group consisting of storage heat exchangers and storage media disposed in said housing and containing an exchanging media.  
   
   
       3 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 2 , wherein the exchanging media and the storage medium are formed from at least one compound selected from the group consisting of gases, fluids, solid substances, phase change media, and chemical storage substances.  
   
   
       4 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 3 , wherein at least one of said heat storage reserve and said further storing/exchanging units contain spatial formations each with at least one inner space.  
   
   
       5 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 4 , wherein said spatial formations are grouped with common and/or separate boundaries resulting in grouped spatial formations.  
   
   
       6 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 5 , wherein said grouped spatial formations are combined into packs.  
   
   
       7 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 5 , wherein said spatial formations and/or intermediate spaces of said grouped spatial formations contain heat conductors.  
   
   
       8 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 4 , wherein at least one of said spatial formations has at least one boundary formed of a thin wall, said thin wall formed of a uniform material or a material mix forming sheets or thin plates, with or without structural reinforcement, and/or a displacement space.  
   
   
       9 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 8 , wherein said structural reinforcement contains retaining elements selected from the group consisting of clamping elements and supporting elements.  
   
   
       10 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 3 , wherein said storage heat exchanger is pressure-tolerating including being pressure-adapting or pressure-equalizing.  
   
   
       11 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 10 , further comprising at least one compliant element for performing pressure toleration.  
   
   
       12 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 3 , wherein said housing contains a heat insulation layer, said heat insulation layer being transparent, opaque, or partly transparent and opaque and enclosing said heat storage reservoir.  
   
   
       13 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 3 , wherein the storage heat exchanger has fluid run-out prevention.  
   
   
       14 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 3 , further comprising a system selected from the group consisting of a heating system, a booster heating system and combustion spaces, is integrated in the storage heat exchanger so that an exchange of a fluid driven by heat exchange can take place.  
   
   
       15 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 3 , wherein said phase change media have the same and/or different change-of-state temperatures.  
   
   
       16 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 4 , wherein at least one of said spatial formations and/or a pack of said spatial formations are filled with said phase change media.  
   
   
       17 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 16 , wherein said spatial formations having a same change-of-state temperatures of said phase change media are grouped.  
   
   
       18 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 17 , wherein a grouping of said phase change media takes place with change-of-state temperatures with typical average values or maximum values for a function for which they are to be used, including heating or service water, so that a high storage capacity is obtained at typical or maximum temperatures of functions for which they are to be used.  
   
   
       19 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 3 , wherein the heat conduction can be changed in a way allowing insulation or with conduction.  
   
   
       20 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 3 , wherein room air is heated directly by convection and/or thermal radiation from the storage heat exchanger.  
   
   
       21 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 3 , further comprising gas-conducting areas which are flowed through by a media from external components, including controlled ventilation or machines which can be cooled.  
   
   
       22 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 3 , further comprising at least one charging and/or provision-on-standby device for at least two of the media,, the gases, the solid substances and/or the phase change media.  
   
   
       23 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 22 , wherein said charging and/or provision-on-standby device performs at least one of the following thermal functions: charging, discharging, maintaining, generating, changing or controlling temperature spaces; mixing or provision on standby at an appropriate temperature or an appropriate volume; and interconnecting, receiving or controlling discharge under closed-loop or open-loop control.  
   
   
       24 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 22 , wherein said charging and/or provision on standby device also serves as a provision-on-standby device.  
   
   
       25 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 22 , wherein said charging and/or provision-on-standby device is a variable, selectable, heat-exchanging surface area in or on the storage heat exchanger.  
   
   
       26 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 25 , wherein said variable, selectable, heat-exchanging surface area is formed by separated segments which are flowed through variably by virtue of at least one relocatable element.  
   
   
       27 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 3 , further comprising at least one exchanging area disposed in said housing and said heat 'storage reservoir is predominately a storing area.  
   
   
       28 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 27 , wherein said exchanging area is located inside or outside said storing area or at a bounding wall of the storage heat exchanger or spaced from said storing area.  
   
   
       29 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 27 , further comprising a flow-separating and/or heat-insulating partition provided in said exchanging area and said storing area.  
   
   
       30 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 27 , further comprising at least one thermostatically controlled connection and said exchanging area can be controlled under closed-loop or open-loop control by said thermostatically controlled connection between areas.  
   
   
       31 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 27 , wherein said exchanging area is provided with a solar-absorbing layer and/or at least one facing.  
   
   
       32 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 3 , further comprising at least one structure selected from the group consisting of surface-enlarging structures and vortexing structures for intensifying a heat exchange of the storage heat exchanger.  
   
   
       33 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 32 , wherein intensification takes place by media conduction, including rotational movement or return movement of the media.  
   
   
       34 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 32 , wherein a supplying of the medium takes place tangentially along a geometrical conduction of the medium.  
   
   
       35 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 32 , further comprising drivers for performing and intensifying a conduction of the medium.  
   
   
       36 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 35 , wherein said drivers are configured in an immersed or suspended manner.  
   
   
       37 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 4 , wherein said spatial formations are of a modular construction.  
   
   
       38 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 37 , wherein a pack of said spatial formations is set up or stacked in or around or in a vicinity of said heat storage reservoir.  
   
   
       39 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 37 , wherein said spatial formations are of a modular construction in a form of tanks which can be joined together from a number of parts and be slotted together or fitted together.  
   
   
       40 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 39 , wherein said parts include a cover part, a base part and tubes or channels which can be pushed one into the other and are set up on said base part, and said cover part is placed onto said pushed out tubes or channels.  
   
   
       41 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 39 , wherein said parts are pressed together by inwardly directed forces.  
   
   
       42 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 4 , wherein said spatial formations have a shape selected from the group consisting of cylinders and spheres.  
   
   
       43 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 4 , wherein said spatial formations are grouped with common and/or separate boundaries resulting in grouped spatial formations lying one inside the other or arranged in series against one another.  
   
   
       44 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 7 , wherein said heat conductors are selected from the groups consisting of wires, wire fabrics and sheets.  
   
   
       45 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 8 , further comprising a stabilizing packet assembly containing retaining elements selected from the group consisting of clamping elements and supporting elements.  
   
   
       46 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 31 , wherein said facing is selected from the group consisting of transparent facings and relocatable partitions.  
   
   
       47 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 4 , wherein said spatial formations are of a modular construction in a form of tanks which can be combined in groups or tanks which can be joined.  
   
   
       48 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 27 , further comprising at least one charging and provision-on-standby device and said exchanging area can be controlled under closed-loop or open-loop control by said charging and provision-on-standby device.  
   
   
       49 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 37 , wherein the storage heat exchanger is constructed around said spatial formations or packs of said spatial formations.  
   
   
       50 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 41 , further comprising clamping rings for providing said inwardly directed forces.  
   
   
       51 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 50 , wherein said clamping rings are steel strips.  
   
   
       52 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 39 , wherein said parts are held together by outwardly directed forces.  
   
   
       53 . The storage heat exchanger according to  claim 52 , further comprising: 
 pressing rings providing pressing force adjustment mechanisms, a pressing force adjustments mechanism of at least one of said pressing rings has a closable lead-through and being adjustable by said closable lead-through; and    seals disposed between held-together surface areas.    
   
   
       54 . A method for operating a storage heat exchanger containing a housing and a heat storage reservoir having a medium container with walls and at least one storage medium for receiving supplied heat and surrounded by the medium container, and for heat exchange the storage medium being in thermal contact with a further medium or performs heat conduction with the further medium through the walls of the medium container, a boundary of the storage medium, and/or the housing, which comprises the steps of: 
 influencing and maintaining a heat flow or thermal state of the storage heat exchanger by the thermal state being maintained in at least one subarea.    
   
   
       55 . The method according to  claim 54 , which further comprises extending a heat flow by transferring and exchanging between and from media by adding heat-conducting and/or heat-radiating functions.  
   
   
       56 . The method according to  claim 54 , which further comprises selecting the further medium and the storage medium from at least one compound selected from the group consisting of gases, fluids, solid substances, phase change media, and chemical storage substances.  
   
   
       57 . The method according to  claim 54 , which further comprises changing the heat flow by switching to closed-loop control.  
   
   
       58 . The method according to  claim 57 , which further comprises performing the changing step by using charging and/or provision-on-standby devices.  
   
   
       59 . The method according to  claim 57 , which further comprising performing the changing step dependently on media temperatures and/or differential media temperatures.  
   
   
       60 . The method according to  claim 57 , which further comprises temperature-controlling and/or flow-controlling the media under closed-loop and/or open/loop control, by using charging and provision-on-standby devices or speed-controllable flow drives.  
   
   
       61 . The method according to  claim 57 , which further comprises using the heat flow for at least one of the following extended thermal functions: heat production, storage, distribution, recovery, cooling or preheating of sources and sinks close to buildings including underground storage heat exchangers or machines.  
   
   
       62 . The method according to  claim 57 , wherein the heat flow takes place from solar generators with different efficiencies and/or temperature levels.  
   
   
       63 . The method according to  claim 54 , which further comprises performing the heat flow with the media in a fluid form or gas form in a forward and backward flow through a line.  
   
   
       64 . The method according to  claim 63 , which further comprises forming a heat source or sink for the heat flow by exchange with a compliant element, or is in connection with the compliant element.  
   
   
       65 . The method according to  claim 63 , which further comprises using energy stored by one direction of flow including different fluid levels, positive pressure or negative pressure, for a counter-flow.  
   
   
       66 . The method according to  claim 54 , which further comprises extending a natural thermal state by adding temperature spaces, it being possible for a temperature level to be maintained and/or changed.  
   
   
       67 . The method according to  claim 66 , which further comprises maintaining and/or changing the temperature spaces by using heat insulation.  
   
   
       68 . The method according to  claim 66 , which further comprises disposing the temperature spaces further in storing/exchanging units selected from the group consisting of storage heat exchangers and storage media.  
   
   
       69 . The method according to  claim 66 , which further comprises disposing the temperature spaces in a grouped manner.  
   
   
       70 . The method according to  claim 54 , which further comprises extending a thermal state and heat flow by adding external storage capacities and/or heat exchanging surface areas.  
   
   
       71 . The method according to  claim 66 , which further comprises using segments or dishes as the temperature spaces.  
   
   
       72 . The method according to  claim 70 , which further comprises selecting the heat exchanging surface areas from the group consisting of solid masses and fluid masses.  
   
   
       73 . A method of operating a heating system, which comprises the steps of: 
 providing the storage heat exchanger according to  claim 1  and using the storage heat exchanger in a heating system component selected from the group consisting of heat exchange control devices, storage reservoirs and heat exchange intensifying devices.