Silica-free surface abrasion compositions and their uses

Abstract

This invention provides for provides for abrasive compositions and methods of use of these compositions for the preparation of surfaces for the application of various coatings such as paints, lacquers and varnishes. The abrasive compositions of this invention provide rapid cleaning and dulling of the underlying surface rendering it suitable for the application of paints or other finishes.

1 . A composition for preparing a plastic surface for application of paint or other overcoating, said composition comprising: 
 about 1.0% to about 80%, by weight, a particulate abrasive; and    about 0.1% to about 10%, by weight a suspension agent,    wherein said composition lacks an aliphatic hydrocarbon cleaning agent.    
   
   
       2 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said particulate abrasive is selected from the group consisting of a pumice, calcium carbonate, ninex, boron nitride, metal carbides, diamond dust, aluminum oxide, and iron oxide.  
   
   
       3 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said particulate abrasive comprises a feldspar.  
   
   
       4 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said particulate abrasive has a mohs hardness of 9.  
   
   
       5 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said particulate abrasive comprises fused aluminum oxide.  
   
   
       6 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said particulate abrasive comprises Minspar 3™.  
   
   
       7 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said particulate abrasive has a particle size and hardness sufficient to dull a paint finish on said plastic surface.  
   
   
       8 . The composition of  claim 7 , wherein said plastic surface is a surface of a plastic automobile part.  
   
   
       9 . The composition of  claim 7 , wherein said plastic surface is a surface of a plastic automobile bumper.  
   
   
       10 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said suspension agent is selected from the group consisting of a cellulose, a starch, an acrylic polymer, a polymer emulsion, and a clay.  
   
   
       11 . The composition of  claim 10 , wherein said suspension agent comprises a copolymers of acrylic acid and a polyalkenyl polyether.  
   
   
       12 . The composition of  claim 11 , wherein said suspension agent is a Carbopol™ copolymer.  
   
   
       13 . The composition of  claim 11 , wherein said suspension agent is selected from the group consisting of CARBOPOL EZ-1™, and CARBOPOL EZ-3™.  
   
   
       14 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said composition further comprises a surfactant.  
   
   
       15 . The composition of  claim 14 , wherein said surfactant comprises a high HLB surfactant and a low HLB surfactant.  
   
   
       16 . The composition of  claim 14 , wherein said surfactant further comprises an ionic surfactant.  
   
   
       17 . The composition of  claim 14 , wherein said surfactant comprises a nonionic surfactant.  
   
   
       18 . The composition of  claim 14 , wherein said surfactant comprises a nonionic surfactant.  
   
   
       19 . The composition of  claim 18 , wherein said surfactant comprises an ethoxylated linear alcohol.  
   
   
       20 . The composition of  claim 18 , wherein said surfactant comprises a poly (3) oxyethylene C 12-15  alcohol.  
   
   
       21 . The composition of  claim 18 , wherein said surfactant comprises a poly (7) oxyethylene C 12-15  alcohol.  
   
   
       22 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said composition further comprises a humectant.  
   
   
       23 . The composition of  claim 22 , wherein said humectant ranges from about 0.1 to about 20%, by weight, of said composition.  
   
   
       24 . The composition of  claim 22 , wherein said humectant comprises glycerine.  
   
   
       25 . The composition of  claim 22 , wherein said humectant comprises polyethylnene glycol.  
   
   
       26 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said composition further comprises a pH adjuster.  
   
   
       27 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said composition further comprises: 
 a surfactant;    a humectant; and    a pH adjuster.    
   
   
       28 . The composition of  claim 27 , wherein 
 said surfactant comprises Tomadol 25-7, Tomadol 25-3, and Aerosol OT-75;    said humectant comprises glycerine and polyethylene glycol 400;    said suspension agent comprises Carbopol EZ-1;    said pH adjuster comprises triethanolamine; and    water.    
   
   
       29 . A method of coating a plastic surface with paint or other overcoating, said method comprising: 
 abrading said plastic surface with a composition according to any one of claims  1  through  28 ;    removing composition from said surface; and    applying said paint or other overcoating to said plastic surface.    
   
   
       30 . The method of  claim 72 , wherein said plastic surface is not pre-baked prior to application of said paint or other overcoating.  
   
   
       31 . The method of  claim 72 , wherein said plastic surface is not degreased prior to application of said paint or other overcoating.  
   
   
       32 . The method of  claim 72 , wherein said plastic surface is a surface of a component for a motor vehicle.  
   
   
       33 . The method of  claim 72 , wherein said plastic surface is a surface of a bumper for a motor vehicle.  
   
   
       34 . A method of preparing a plastic surface for coating with paint or other overcoating material, said method comprising: 
 providing an article of manufacture comprising a plastic surface; and    abrading said plastic surface with a composition according to any one of claims  1  through  28 .    
   
   
       35 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein said plastic surface is not pre-baked prior to coating with paint or other overcoating.  
   
   
       36 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein said plastic surface is not degreased prior to coating with paint or other overcoating.  
   
   
       37 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein said plastic surface is a surface of a component for a motor vehicle.  
   
   
       38 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein said plastic surface is a surface of a bumper for a motor vehicle.  
   
   
       39 . A composition for preparing a surface for application of paint or other overcoating, said composition comprising: 
 about 1.0% to about 80%, by weight, a particulate abrasive, wherein said particulate abrasive lacks silica; and    about 0.1% to about 10%, by weight a suspension agent.    
   
   
       40 . The composition of  claim 39 , wherein said particulate abrasive is selected from the group consisting of a pumice, calcium carbonate, ninex, boron nitride, metal carbides, diamond dust, aluminum oxide, and iron oxide.  
   
   
       41 . The composition of  claim 39 , wherein said particulate abrasive comprises alundum.  
   
   
       42 . The composition of  claim 39 , wherein said particulate abrasive comprises nepheline syenite.  
   
   
       43 . The composition of  claim 39 , wherein said particulate abrasive has a mohs hardness of 9.  
   
   
       44 . The composition of  claim 39 , wherein said particulate abrasive comprises fused aluminum oxide.  
   
   
       45 . The composition of  claim 39 , wherein said composition lacks an aliphatic hydrocarbon cleaning agent.  
   
   
       46 . The composition of  claim 39 , wherein said particulate abrasive has a particle size and hardness sufficient to dull a paint finish on said surface.  
   
   
       47 . The composition of  claim 39 , wherein said surface is a surface of a motor vehicle.  
   
   
       48 . The composition of  claim 39 , wherein said surface is a painted surface of a motor vehicle.  
   
   
       49 . The composition of  claim 39 , wherein said suspension agent is selected from the group consisting of a cellulose, a starch, an acrylic polymer, a polymer emulsion, and a clay.  
   
   
       50 . The composition of  claim 49 , wherein said suspension agent comprises a copolymer of acrylic acid and a polyalkenyl polyether.  
   
   
       51 . The composition of  claim 50 , wherein said suspension agent is a Carbopol™ copolymer.  
   
   
       52 . The composition of  claim 50 , wherein said suspension agent is selected from the group consisting of CARBOPOL EZ-1™, and CARBOPOL EZ-3™.  
   
   
       53 . The composition of  claim 39 , wherein said composition further comprises a surfactant.  
   
   
       54 . The method of  claim 53 , wherein said surfactant comprises a high HLB surfactant and a low HLB surfactant.  
   
   
       55 . The method of  claim 53 , wherein said surfactant further comprises an ionic surfactant.  
   
   
       56 . The composition of  claim 53 , wherein said surfactant comprises a nonionic surfactant.  
   
   
       57 . The composition of  claim 53 , wherein said surfactant comprises a nonionic surfactant.  
   
   
       58 . The composition of  claim 57 , wherein said surfactant comprises an ethoxylated linear alcohol.  
   
   
       59 . The composition of  claim 57 , wherein said surfactant comprises a poly (3) oxyethylene C 12-15  alcohol.  
   
   
       60 . The composition of  claim 57 , wherein said surfactant comprises a poly (7) oxyethylene C 12-15  alcohol.  
   
   
       61 . The composition of  claim 39 , wherein said composition further comprises a humectant.  
   
   
       62 . The composition of  claim 61 , wherein said humectant ranges from about 0.1 to about 20%, by weight, of said composition.  
   
   
       63 . The composition of  claim 61 , wherein said humectant comprises glycerine.  
   
   
       64 . The composition of  claim 61 , wherein said humectant comprises polyethylnene glycol.  
   
   
       65 . The composition of  claim 39 , wherein said composition further comprises a pH adjuster.  
   
   
       66 . The composition of  claim 39 , wherein said composition further comprises: 
 a surfactant;    a humectant; and    a pH adjuster.    
   
   
       67 . The composition of  claim 27 , wherein 
 said surfactant comprises Tomadol 25-7, Tomadol 25-3, and Aerosol OT-75;    said humectant comprises glycerine and polyethylene glycol 400;    said suspension agent comprises Carbopol EZ-3;    said pH adjuster comprises triethanolamine; and    water.    
   
   
       68 . A method of preparing a surface for application of a finish, said method comprising: 
 abrading said surface with an abrasive composition of any one of claims  39  through  67 ; and    removing said abrasive composition from said surface.    
   
   
       69 . The method of  claim 68 , wherein said surface is a metal surface.  
   
   
       70 . The method of  claim 68 , wherein said surface is the surface of a motor vehicle.  
   
   
       71 . The method of  claim 68 , wherein said surface is the painted surface of an automobile.  
   
   
       72 . A method of coating a surface with paint or other overcoating, said method comprising: 
 abrading said plastic surface with an abrasive composition of any one of claims  39  through  67 ; and    removing composition from said surface; and    applying said paint or other overcoating to said surface.    
   
   
       73 . The method of  claim 72 , wherein said surface is a surface of an automobile or automobile part.  
   
   
       74 . The method of  claim 72 , wherein said surface is a painted surface of an automobile.  
   
   
       75 . The method of  claim 72 , wherein said removing comprises washing said surface with water.  
   
   
       76 . A method of coating a painted surface, wherein said painted surfaces comprises nanoceramic particles, said method comprising: 
 i) abrading said paint surface with a foam or gel comprising: 
 about 1.0% to about 80% by weight of a particulate abrasive wherein said particulate abrasive is an aluminum oxide having a mohs hardness of about 9;  
 about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of a suspension agent;  
 a surfactant; and  
   ii) removing said foam or gel from said surface.    
   
   
       77 . The method of  claim 76 , wherein said particulate abrasive comprises about a 360 grit particle size.  
   
   
       78 . The method of  claim 76 , wherein said foam or gel further comprises a cleaning agent comprising an aliphatic hydrocarbon  
   
   
       79 . The method of  claim 76 , wherein said suspension agent is selected from the group consisting of a cellulose, a starch, an acrylic polymer, a polymer emulsion, or a clay.  
   
   
       80 . The method of  claim 76 , wherein said particulate abrasive comprises about 10% to about 50% by weight of said composition.  
   
   
       81 . The method of  claim 76 , wherein said surfactant comprises a high HLB surfactant and a low HLB surfactant.  
   
   
       82 . The method of  claim 76 , wherein said surfactant further comprises an ionic surfactant.  
   
   
       83 . The method of  claim 76 , wherein said cleaning agent comprises about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of said composition.  
   
   
       84 . The method of  claim 76 , wherein said cleaning agent comprises a water soluble alcohol.  
   
   
       85 . The method of  claim 76 , wherein said composition further comprises a neutralizing agent.  
   
   
       86 . The method of  claim 78 , wherein said cleaning agent comprises one or more agents selected from the group consisting of ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, ethylene diol, propylene diol, ethanolamine, D-limonine, dodecane, and isopar G, ethoxylate, and Carvone.  
   
   
       87 . The method of  claim 78 , wherein said cleaning agent is ethyl alcohol and D-Limonine.  
   
   
       88 . The method of  claim 76 , wherein said composition further comprises a foam height stabilizer.  
   
   
       89 . The method of  claim 88 , wherein said foam height stabilizer is ninol.  
   
   
       90 . The method of  claim 76 , wherein said surfactant comprises a nonionic high HLB surfactant, a nonionic low HLB surfactant, and an ionic surfactant.  
   
   
       91 . The method of  claim 76 , wherein said particulate abrasive comprises about 50 to about 85% of said composition by weight.  
   
   
       92 . The method of  claim 79 , wherein: 
 said particulate abrasive comprises about 75% of said composition by weight.    said nonionic high HLB surfactant and nonionic low HLB surfactant each comprise about 0.5%, by weight, of said composition;    said ionic surfactant comprises about 0.67%, by weight, of said composition;    said cleaning agent is D-Limonine and comprises about 2%, by weight, of said composition.    
   
   
       93 . The method of  claim 92 , wherein said composition further comprises a humectant.