Fuel compositions and methods thereof

Abstract

Anti-knock gasoline fuel compositions are provided including anti-knock additives and mixtures thereof. The octane quality of fuel for an internal combustion engine improved with the anti-knock additives.

1 ) An anti-knock gasoline fuel composition suitable for combustion in an automotive engine comprising: 
 a) a compound of Formula I:                        wherein each of A, B and C is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyls, alkenes, aryls, heterocyclyls, aryloxy, cycloalkyls, cycloalkenyl, heteroaryls, esters, amides, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carbonates, diazenes, aldehydic acids, alcohols, oxides, ketonic acids, othroesters, diesters, phenols, glycol ethers, glycols, alkyl carbonates, dialkyl carbonates, di-carbonates, organic and inorganic peroxides, hydroperoxides, carboxylic acids, amines, nitrates, di-nitrates, oxalates, boric acids, orthoborates, hydroxyacids, orthoacids, anhydrides, acetates, acetyls, benzoic acids, nitrates, di-nitrates, and nitro-ethers;    and X is polyalkyl, polyalkoxy, polyether, polyterphthalate or polycarbonate chain of from about 400 to 3600 g/mol; and      b) optionally at least one or more additives.    
   
   
       2 ) The composition according to  claim 1 , wherein X is selected from the group consisting of butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, hexyls, octyl, nonyl, dodecyl, docosyl, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyisobutylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, chlorinated olefin polymer, polyether, paraffin and oxidized ethylene-propylene copolymer.  
   
   
       3 ) The composition according to  claim 1 , wherein X is polyisobutylene.  
   
   
       4 ) The composition according to  claim 3 , wherein the polyisobutylene has a number average molecular weight of from about 400 to about 3600 g/mol.  
   
   
       5 ) The composition according to  claim 3 , wherein the polyisobutylene is substituted, the substituents selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, hydroxyl, halo, alkyl, substituted alkyl, and nitro.  
   
   
       6 ) The composition according to  claim 1 , wherein X is paraffin.  
   
   
       7 ) The composition according to  claim 1 , wherein each of A, B or C are independently selected from the group consisting of:  
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
   
   
       8 ) The composition according to  claim 1 , wherein the substituted aryloxy is a dye moeity.  
   
   
       9 ) The composition according to  claim 7 , wherein the dye moiety is selected from the group consisting of reactive dye, direct dye, pigment powder, napthols, and basic dye.  
   
   
       10 ) The compound according to  claim 7 , wherein the dye moeity is selected from the group consisting of oil yellow, oil orange, oil orange R, oil red, oil green, oil cyanine green, oil violet, oil brilliant blue, and oil pink.  
   
   
       11 ) The composition according to  claim 10 , wherein the dye is selected from the group consisting of oil orange R, oil brilliant blue, and indoineblue.  
   
   
       12 ) The composition according to  claim 1 , wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of fulvenes, alkyl carbonates, phenyl carbonates, dyes, aromatics, dye-polymer conjugates, ester-polymer conjugates, dye-paraffin conjugate, norbornadienes, organometallics and oxygenates.  
   
   
       13 ) The composition according to  claim 1 , wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of ferrocene, ruthenocene, chromocene, osmocene, methyl cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, napthacenes, methylferrocene, cobaltocene, nickelocene, titanocene dichloride, zirconocene dichloride, uranocene, decamethylferrocene, decamethylsilicocene, decamethylgermaniumocene, decamethylstannocene, decamethylphosocene, decamethylosmocene, decamethylruthenocene, decamethylzirconocene, silicocene, and decamethylsilicocene.  
   
   
       14 ) The composition according to  claim 1 , wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of alcohols, esters, ethers, carboxylic acids and mixtures thereof.  
   
   
       15 ) The composition according to  claim 14 , wherein the additive is ethanol, methanol, t-butyl alcohol, methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl tertiary butyl ether(ETBE), tertiary amyl methyl ether(TAME), tetrahydrofuran or mixtures thereof.  
   
   
       16 ) The composition according to  claim 1 , wherein the concentration of compound of Formula I is less than 1500 ppm.  
   
   
       17 ) The composition according to  claim 1 , wherein the concentration of additive is less than 500 ppm.  
   
   
       18 ) The composition according to  claim 1  wherein the concentration of additive is less than 49%.  
   
   
       19 ) A compound of  claim 1  selected from the group consisting of compounds of the following formulae:  
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
   
   
       20 ) An anti-knock gasoline fuel composition suitable for combustion in an automotive engine consisting of: 
 a) an organic compound selected from the group consisting of alkenes, aldehydes, esters, ketones, alkyl carbonates, aryl carbonates, aminoaryls, cycloalkyl, aromatics, dye-polymer conjugates, ester-polymer conjugates, and dye-paraffin conjugates;    b) optionally an organometallic compound selected from the group consisting of ferrocene, ruthenocene, chromocene, osmocene, methyl cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, nickelcarbonyls, organosilicon metallocene, alkyltin, and derivatives thereof; and    c) optionally an oxygenate selected from the group consisting of alcohols, esters, ethers, furans and mixtures thereof.    
   
   
       21 ) The composition according to  claim 20  wherein the organic compound is selected from the group consisting of fulvenes, alkyl carbonates, phenyl carbonates, dyes, dye-polymer conjugates, ester-polymer conjugates, and dye-paraffin conjugate.  
   
   
       22 ) The composition according to  claim 20  wherein the organometallic compound is selected from the group consisting of ferrocene, chromocene, and cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl.  
   
   
       23 ) The composition according to  claim 20  wherein the oxygenate compound is selected from the group consisting of ethanol and tetrahydrofuran.  
   
   
       24 ) The composition according to  claim 20  wherein the concentration of organic compound less than 1500 ppm.  
   
   
       25 ) The composition according to  claim 20  wherein the concentration of organometallic is less than 500 ppm.  
   
   
       26 ) The composition according to  claim 20  wherein the concentration of oxygenate is less than 49%.  
   
   
       27 ) The composition according to  claim 20 , wherein the composition further comprises a second additive, or mixture of two or more additives.  
   
   
       28 ) The composition of  claim 20 , wherein the organic compound is present in an amount from about 1 ppm by weight to about 1500 ppm by weight based on the total weight of the composition.  
   
   
       29 ) A method for improving the antiknock property of a gasoline fuel, the method comprising admixing an effective amount of at least one composition of  claim 1  with the gasoline fuel.  
   
   
       30 ) The composition as claimed in  claim 29 , wherein the composition further comprises dyes, detergents, dispersants, demulsifiers, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, or stabilizers and other antiknock additives.