Additive for improving the thermal stability of hydrocarbon compositions

Abstract

The invention relates to the use of at least one additive in order to increase the thermal stability of a hydrocarbon composition, said additive being the product of the condensation reaction between at least one alkenyl succinic or alkyl succinic anhydride I and a primary amine II. The invention also relates to a composition comprising the aforementioned additive, an anti-oxidant and a metal deactivator and to fuels containing same.

1 - 29 . (canceled)  
   
   
       30 . Use to increase the thermal stability of a hydrocarbon composition, of at least one additive which is the product of the condensation reaction between: 
 (i) at least one alkylsuccinic or alkenylsuccinic anhydride I of general formula(I):                          in which:    R is an alkyl or alkenyl group comprising 4 to 29 carbon atoms; and    (ii) at least one primary amine II of general formula      NH 2 —[(CH 2 ) m —(CHR 1 ) n -Z] x -[(CH 2 ) p —(CHR 2 ) q ] y —NHR 3    (II)    in which:    R 1  and R 2  are chosen from hydrogen, alkyl groups comprising 1 to 30 carbon atoms, phenyl groups,    R 3  is hydrogen or an alkyl group comprising 1 to 30 carbon atoms or a phenyl group or an alkylaromatic group,    Z is oxygen or the NH group,    x is an integer from 0 to 5 inclusive,    y is an integer from 1 to 5 inclusive,    m, n, p and q are integers from 0 to 10 inclusive.    
   
   
       31 . Use according to  claim 30 , in which, in the additive, the formula of the amine of formula II is  
       NH 2 —[(CH 2 ) m —NH] x —[(CH 2 ) p+1 ] y —NH 2 .  
   
   
       32 . Use according to  claim 30 , in which the additive is the product of the condensation reaction between compounds I and II, used according to molar ratio I:II comprised between 1:0.2 and 1:1.  
   
   
       33 . Use according to  claim 30 , in which in the additive, the side chain R is an alkyl or alkenyl group comprising 4 to 24 carbon atoms.  
   
   
       34 . Use according to  claim 33 , in which the side chain R comprises 12 to 24 carbon atoms.  
   
   
       35 . Use according to claims  30 , in which in the additive, the side chain R is an alkenyl group.  
   
   
       36 . Use according to  claim 30 , in which in the additive, the R 1  and R 2  groups are either hydrogen or alkyl groups comprising 1 to 10 carbon atoms.  
   
   
       37 . Use according to  claim 30 , in which in the additive, R 3  is hydrogen or an alkyl group comprising 1 to 20 carbon atoms.  
   
   
       38 . Use according to  claim 30 , in which in the additive, Z is the NH group.  
   
   
       39 . Use according to claims  30 , in which in the additive, m, n, p and q are comprised between 1 and 3 inclusive.  
   
   
       40 . Use according to  claim 30 , in which the additive is used at the rate of 1 to 200 ppm.  
   
   
       41 . Use according to  claim 30 , in which the additive is used at the rate of 1 to 100 ppm.  
   
   
       42 . Use according to  claim 30 , in which the additive is used at the rate of 1 to 50 ppm.  
   
   
       43 . Use according to claims  30 , in which the additive is used in combination with an antioxidant and a metal deactivation agent.  
   
   
       44 . Method of increasing the thermal stability of aviation fuels comprising the incorporation into said fuels of an additives as describe in  claim 30 .  
   
   
       45 . Composition comprising: 
 (a) 1 to 40 parts by weight of at least one antioxidant;    (b) 0.05 to 10 parts by weight of at least one metal deactivation agent; and    (c) 1 to 60 parts by weight of at least one thermal stability additive which is the product of the condensation reaction between: 
 (i) at least one alkylsuccinic or alkenylsuccinic anhydride I of  
                     
 general formula(I):  
 in which:  
   R is an alkyl or alkenyl group comprising 4 to 29 carbon atoms; and 
 (ii) at least one primary II amine of general formula (II):  
   NH 2 —[(CH 2 ) m —(CHR 1 ) n -Z] x -[(CH 2 ) p —(CHR 2 ) q ] y —NHR 3    
 in which:  
   R 1  and R 2  are chosen from hydrogen, alkyl groups comprising 1 to 30 carbon atoms, phenyl groups,    R 3  is hydrogen or an alkyl group comprising 1 to 30 carbon atoms or a phenyl group or an alkylaromatic group,    Z is oxygen or the NH group,    x is an integer from 0 to 5 inclusive,    y is an integer from 1 to 5 inclusive,    m, n, p and q are integers from 0 to 10 inclusive.    
   
   
       46 . Composition according to  claim 45 , comprising 
 (a) 2 to 40 parts by weight of antioxidant;    (b) 0.1 to 3 parts by weight of metal deactivation agent; and    (c) 2 to 20 parts by weight of thermal stability additive.    
   
   
       47 . Composition according to  claim 45 , in which the antioxidant is a sterically hindered phenol.  
   
   
       48 . Composition according to claims  45 , in which the metal deactivation agent is a metal chelating agent.  
   
   
       49 . Hydrocarbon composition comprising a major part of a hydrocarbon mixture and the composition according to  claim 45 , in a quantity such that the concentration in said composition of thermal stability additive is 1 to 200 ppm.  
   
   
       50 . Hydrocarbon composition comprising a major part of a hydrocarbon mixture and the composition according to  claim 45 , in a quantity such that the concentration in said composition of thermal stability additive is 1 to 100 ppm.  
   
   
       51 . Hydrocarbon composition comprising a major part of a hydrocarbon mixture and the composition according to  claim 45 , in a quantity such that the concentration in said composition of thermal stability additive is 1 to 50 ppm.  
   
   
       52 . Stock solution comprising a solvent and the composition according to  claim 45 .  
   
   
       53 . Stock solution according to  claim 45 , in which the solvent is chosen from aromatic solvents, petroleum cuts, in particular kerosenes, mineral and/or synthesis oils.  
   
   
       54 . Process for the preparation of a composition according to  claim 45 , by mixing various constituents.  
   
   
       55 . Method of increasing the thermal stability of aviation fuels comprising the incorporation into said fuels of a composition of additives according to  claim 45 .  
   
   
       56 . Composition comprising: 
 (a) 1 to 40 parts by weight of at least one antioxidant;    (b) 0.05 to 10 parts by weight of at least one metal deactivation agent; and    (c) 1 to 60 parts by weight of at least one thermal stability additive which is the product of the condensation reaction between: 
 (i) at least one alkylsuccinic or alkenylsuccinic anhydride I of general formula(I):  
                     
 in which:  
   R is an alkyl or alkenyl group comprising 4 to 29 carbon atoms; and 
 (ii) at least one primary II amine of general formula(II):  
   NH 2 —[(CH 2 ) m —NH] x —[(CH 2 ) p+1 ] y —NH 2 .  
 in which:  
   x is an integer from 0 to 5 inclusive,    y is an integer from 1 to 5 inclusive,    m, p are integers from 0 to 10 inclusive.    
   
   
       57 . Composition according to  claim 56 , comprising 
 (a) 2 to 40 parts by weight of antioxidant;    (b) 0.1 to 3 parts by weight of metal deactivation agent; and    (c) 2 to 20 parts by weight of thermal stability additive    
   
   
       58 . Composition according to  claim 56 , in which the antioxidant is a sterically hindered phenol.  
   
   
       59 . Composition according to claims  56 , in which the metal deactivation agent is a metal chelating agent.  
   
   
       60 . Hydrocarbon composition comprising a major part of a hydrocarbon mixture and the composition according to  claim 56 , in a quantity such that the concentration in said composition of thermal stability additive is 1 to 200 ppm.  
   
   
       61 . Hydrocarbon composition comprising a major part of a hydrocarbon mixture and the composition according to  claim 56 , in a quantity such that the concentration in said composition of thermal stability additive is 1 to 100 ppm.  
   
   
       62 . Hydrocarbon composition comprising a major part of a hydrocarbon mixture and the composition according to  claim 56 , in a quantity such that the concentration in said composition of thermal stability additive is 1 to 50 ppm.  
   
   
       63 . Stock solution comprising a solvent and the composition according to  claim 56 .  
   
   
       64 . Stock solution according to  claim 63 , in which the solvent is chosen from aromatic solvents, petroleum cuts, in particular kerosenes, mineral and/or synthesis oils.  
   
   
       65 . Process for the preparation of a composition according to  claim 56 , by mixing various constituents.  
   
   
       66 . Method of increasing the thermal stability of aviation fuels comprising the incorporation into said fuels of a composition of additives according to  claim 56 .  
   
   
       67 . Hydrocarbon composition comprising a major part of a hydrocarbon mixture and: 
 (a) 1 to 1000 ppm, of at least one antioxidant;    (b) 0.1 to 500 ppm, of at least one metal deactivation agent; and    (c) 1 to 200 ppm, of at least one thermal stability additive which is the product of the condensation reaction between: 
 (i) at least one alkylsuccinic or alkenylsuccinic anhydride I of general formula(I):  
                     
 in which:  
   R is an alkyl or alkenyl group comprising 4 to 29 carbon atoms; and 
 (ii) at least one primary II amine of general formula(II):  
   NH 2 —[(CH 2 ) m —(CHR 1 ) n -Z] x -[(CH 2 ) p —(CHR 2 ) q ] y —NHR 3    
 in which:  
   R 1  and R 2  are chosen from hydrogen, alkyl groups comprising 1 to 30 carbon atoms, phenyl groups,    R 3  is hydrogen or an alkyl group comprising 1 to 30 carbon atoms or a phenyl group or an alkylaromatic group,    Z is oxygen or the NH group,    x is an integer from 0 to 5 inclusive,    y is an integer from 1 to 5 inclusive,    m, n, p and q are integers from 0 to 10 inclusive.    
   
   
       68 . Hydrocarbon composition according to  claim 67 , comprising a major part of a hydrocarbon mixture and: 
 (a) 1 to 100 ppm of at least one antioxidant;    (b) 0. 1 to 20 ppm of at least one metal deactivation agent; and    (c) 1 to 100 ppm of at least one thermal stability additive.    
   
   
       69 . Hydrocarbon composition according to  claim 67  comprising 1 to 50 ppm of at least one thermal stability additive.  
   
   
       70 . Hydrocarbon composition according to  claim 67 , in which the antioxidant is a sterically hindered phenol.  
   
   
       71 . Hydrocarbon composition according to  claim 67 , in which the metal deactivation agent is a metal chelating agent.  
   
   
       72 . Hydrocarbon composition according to  claim 67 , in which the hydrocarbon mixture is chosen from gasolines, gasoils, kerosenes, DFOs (Domestic Fuel Oil), heavy fuels, synthesis hydrocarbons such as those obtained by the oligomerization of olefins or by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, biofuels such as vegetable oils and the esters of vegetable oils, and mixtures of these products.  
   
   
       73 . Hydrocarbon composition according to  claim 67 , in which the hydrocarbon mixture comprises a middle distillate having a distillation range comprised between 60 and 350° C., preferably between 100 and 300° C.  
   
   
       74 . Hydrocarbon composition according to  claim 67 , which is a fuel, in particular for aeroplanes.  
   
   
       75 . Process for the preparation of a composition according to  claim 67 , by mixing various constituents.  
   
   
       76 . Hydrocarbon composition comprising a major part of a hydrocarbon mixture and: 
 (a) 1 to 1000 ppm, of at least one antioxidant;    (b) 0.1 to 500 ppm, of at least one metal deactivation agent; and    (c) 1 to 200 ppm, of at least one thermal stability additive which is the product of the condensation reaction between: 
 (i) at least one alkylsuccinic or alkenylsuccinic anhydride I of general formula(I):  
                     
 in which:  
   R is an alkyl or alkenyl group comprising 4 to 29 carbon atoms; and 
 (ii) at least one primary II amine of general formula(II):  
   NH 2 —[(CH 2 ) m —NH] x —[(CH 2 ) p+1 ] y —NH 2 .  
 in which:  
   x is an integer from 0 to 5 inclusive,    y is an integer from 1 to 5 inclusive,    m, p are integers from 0 to 10 inclusive.    
   
   
       77 . Hydrocarbon composition according to  claim 76 , comprising a major part of a hydrocarbon mixture and: 
 (a) 1 to 100 ppm of at least one antioxidant;    (b) 0.1 to 20 ppm of at least one metal deactivation agent; and    (c) 1 to 100 ppm of at least one thermal stability additive.    
   
   
       78 . Hydrocarbon composition according to  claim 76  comprising 1 to 50 ppm of at least one thermal stability additive.  
   
   
       79 . Hydrocarbon composition according to  claim 76 , in which the antioxidant is a sterically hindered phenol.  
   
   
       80 . Hydrocarbon composition according to  claim 76 , in which the metal deactivation agent is a metal chelating agent.  
   
   
       81 . Hydrocarbon composition according to  claim 76 , in which the hydrocarbon mixture is chosen from gasolines, gasoils, kerosenes, DFOs (Domestic Fuel Oil), heavy fuels, synthesis hydrocarbons such as those obtained by the oligomerization of olefins or by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, biofuels such as vegetable oils and the esters of vegetable oils, and mixtures of these products.  
   
   
       82 . Hydrocarbon composition according to claims  76 , in which the hydrocarbon mixture comprises a middle distillate having a distillation range comprised between 60 and 350° C., preferably between 100 and 300° C.  
   
   
       83 . Hydrocarbon composition according to  claim 76 , which is a fuel, in particular for aeroplanes.  
   
   
       84 . Process for the preparation of a composition according to  claim 76 , by mixing various constituents.