Surgical devices and methods of use

Abstract

A surgical device for holding and rotating an acetabular reaming head is provided, comprising a shaft having a length which runs from a first end adapted for holding an acetabular reaming head to a second end. At least part of the shaft is divergent from the axis defined by the first and second ends of the shaft, for example the shaft may include a C-shaped divergent portion. A head held by the device can therefore access the acetabulum in its true anatomical position while avoiding encroachment of the shaft on surrounding body parts.

1 . A surgical tool driver, comprising: 
 a hollow elongated outer shaft having a first end and a second end, said outer shaft having a fixed curved portion between said first end and said second end, said fixed curved portion adapted and arranged along said outer shaft for bypassing anatomical structures in a patient between said first and second ends as said driver is positioned for use;    a driven end attachment assembly at one said end of said outer shaft, said driven end attachment assembly being adapted for attachment to a rotary drive source;    a driving end attachment assembly at the other said end of said outer shaft, said driving end attachment assembly adapted for selectively engaging and disengaging a surgical tool; and    a flexible drive shaft disposed in said outer shaft, one end of said flexible drive shaft being connected to said driven end attachment assembly, and the other end of said flexible drive shaft being connected to said driving end attachment assembly.    
     
     
         2 . The surgical tool driver of  claim 1 , said driving end attachment assembly including a universal joint drivingly connected to said flexible drive shaft.  
     
     
         3 . The surgical tool driver of  claim 2 , said driven end attachment assembly and said driving end attachment assembly disposed in substantial linear alignment.  
     
     
         4 . The surgical tool driver of  claim 1 , said driven end attachment assembly and said driving end attachment assembly disposed in substantial linear alignment.  
     
     
         5 . The surgical tool driver of  claim 1 , said outer shaft having a collar, and said driven end attachment assembly including a shaft adapted for attachment to a drive source, said shaft journaled in bearings in said collar.  
     
     
         6 . The surgical tool driver of  claim 5 , said shaft of said driven end attachment assembly and said driving end attachment assembly disposed in substantial linear alignment.  
     
     
         7 . The surgical tool driver of  claim 5 , said shaft of said driven end attachment assembly having a hollow end, and said flexible drive shaft being secured in said hollow end.  
     
     
         8 . The surgical tool driver of  claim 5 , said driving end attachment assembly including a universal joint drivingly connected to said flexible drive shaft.  
     
     
         9 . The surgical tool driver of  claim 8 , said shaft of said driven end attachment assembly having a hollow end, and said flexible drive shaft being secured in said hollow end.  
     
     
         10 . The surgical tool driver of  claim 9 , said shaft of said driven end attachment assembly and said driving end attachment assembly disposed in substantial linear alignment.  
     
     
         11 . A driver for an acetabular reamer, comprising: 
 a hollow elongated outer shaft having a first end and a second end, said outer shaft having a fixed curved portion between said first end and said second end, said fixed curved portion adapted and arranged along said outer shaft for bypassing anatomical structures in a patient between said first and second ends as said driver is positioned for use;    a driven end attachment assembly at one said end of said outer shaft, said driven end attachment assembly being adapted for attachment to a rotary drive source;    a driving end attachment assembly at the other said end of said outer shaft, said driving end attachment assembly adapted for selectively engaging and disengaging an acetabular reamer; and    a flexible drive shaft disposed in said outer shaft, one end of said flexible drive shaft being connected to said driven end attachment assembly, and the other end of said flexible drive shaft being connected to said driving end attachment assembly.    
     
     
         12 . The driver of  claim 11 , said driven end attachment assembly and said driving end attachment assembly being in substantially linear alignment.  
     
     
         13 . The driver of  claim 12 , said driving end attachment assembly including a universal joint connected to said flexible drive shaft.  
     
     
         14 . The driver of  claim 11 , said driving end attachment assembly including a universal joint connected to said flexible drive shaft.  
     
     
         15 . The driver of  claim 11 , said driven end attachment assembly including a shaft, and said outer shaft having a collar for rotatably receiving said shaft of said driven end attachment assembly.  
     
     
         16 . The driver of  claim 15 , said shaft of said driven end attachment assembly having a hollow end, and said flexible drive shaft having an end thereof secured in said hollow end.  
     
     
         17 . The driver of  claim 16 , said shaft of said driven end attachment assembly being in substantially linear alignment with said driving end attachment assembly.  
     
     
         18 . The driver of  claim 16 , said driving end attachment assembly having a hollow receiver, and said flexible drive shaft having an end thereof secured in said hollow receiver.  
     
     
         19 . A method for surgically preparing a bone, comprising steps of: 
 providing a surgical tool driver with a driven end attachment assembling and a driving end attachment assembly, and a curved shaft assembly there between, said curved shaft assembly including a rigid hollow outer shaft and a flexible drive shaft in said outer shaft, said flexible drive shaft connected to said driven end attachment assembling and said driving end attachment assembly, providing a surgical tool for machining a surface of the bone;    attaching the surgical tool to the driving end attachment assembly;    connecting the driven end attachment assembly to a rotary drive source;    inserting the surgical tool through a surgical wound;    positioning the surgical tool against a bone surface while positioning the curved portion of the shaft assembly around intervening anatomy; and    driving the tool to machine the bone surface.    
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 19 , including providing an acetabular reamer as said surgical tool, and machining a depression in an acetabulum of sufficient depth for receiving an acetabular cup.  
     
     
         21 . A surgical tool driver, comprising: 
 a hollow elongated outer shaft having a first end and a second end, said outer shaft having means for bypassing anatomical structures in a patient, including a fixed curved portion along said outer shaft for bypassing anatomical structures in a patient between said first and second ends as said driver is positioned for use;    a driven end attachment assembly at one said end of said outer shaft, said driven end attachment assembly including means for attachment to a rotary drive source;    a driving end attachment assembly at the other said end of said outer shaft, said driving end attachment assembly including means for selectively engaging and disengaging a surgical tool; and    a flexible drive shaft disposed in said outer shaft, one end of said flexible drive shaft being connected to said driven end attachment assembly, and the other end of said flexible drive shaft being connected to said driving end attachment assembly.    
     
     
         22 . A surgical tool driver, comprising: 
 a hollow elongated outer shaft having a first end and a second end, said outer shaft having a fixed curved portion between said first end and said second end, said fixed curved portion adapted and arranged along said outer shaft for bypassing anatomical structures in a patient between said first and second ends as said driver is positioned for use;    a driven end attachment assembly at one said end of said outer shaft, said driven end attachment assembly being adapted for attachment to a rotary drive source;    a driving end attachment assembly at the other said end of said outer shaft, said driving end attachment assembly adapted for selectively engaging and disengaging a surgical tool;    a flexible drive shaft disposed in said outer shaft, one end of said flexible drive shaft being connected to said driven end attachment assembly, and the other end of said flexible drive shaft being connected to said driving end attachment assembly: and    said driving end attachment assembly including a universal joint drivingly connected to said flexible drive shaft.    
     
     
         23 . The surgical tool driver of  claim 2 , said driven end attachment assembly and said driving end attachment assembly disposed in substantial linear alignment.  
     
     
         24 . The surgical tool driver of  claim 1 , said driven end attachment assembly and said driving end attachment assembly disposed in substantial linear alignment.  
     
     
         25 . The surgical tool driver of  claim 1 , said outer shaft having a collar, and said driven end attachment assembly including a shaft adapted for attachment to a drive source, said shaft journaled in bearings in said collar.  
     
     
         26 . The surgical tool driver of  claim 5 , said shaft of said driven end attachment assembly and said driving end attachment assembly disposed in substantial linear alignment.  
     
     
         27 . The surgical tool driver of  claim 5 , said shaft of said driven end attachment assembly having a hollow end, and said flexible drive shaft being secured in said hollow end.  
     
     
         28 . A surgical tool driver, comprising: 
 a hollow elongated outer shaft having a first end and a second end, said outer shaft having a fixed curved portion between said first end and said second end, said fixed curved portion adapted and arranged along said outer shaft for bypassing anatomical structures in a patient between said first and second ends as said driver is positioned for use;    a driven end attachment assembly at one said end of said outer shaft, said driven end attachment assembly being adapted for attachment to a rotary drive source;    a driving end attachment assembly at the other said end of said outer shaft, said driving end attachment assembly adapted for selectively engaging and disengaging a surgical tool;    a flexible drive shaft disposed in said outer shaft, one end of said flexible drive shaft being connected to said driven end attachment assembly, and the other end of said flexible drive shaft being connected to said driving end attachment assembly;    said outer shaft having a collar, and said driven end attachment assembly including a shaft adapted for attachment to a drive source, said shaft journaled in bearings in said collar; and    said driving end attachment assembly including a universal joint drivingly connected to said flexible drive shaft.    
     
     
         29 . The surgical tool driver of  claim 8 , said shaft of said driven end attachment assembly having a hollow end, and said flexible drive shaft being secured in said hollow end.  
     
     
         30 . The surgical tool driver of  claim 9 , said shaft of said driven end attachment assembly and said driving end attachment assembly disposed in substantial linear alignment.  
     
     
         31 . A driver for an acetabular reamer, comprising: 
 a hollow elongated outer shaft having a first end and a second end, said outer shaft having means for bypassing anatomical structures in a patient, including a fixed curved portion along said outer shaft for bypassing anatomical structures in a patient between said first and second ends as said driver is positioned for use;    a driven end attachment assembly at one said end of said outer shaft, said driven end attachment assembly including means for attachment to a rotary drive source;    a driving end attachment assembly at the other said end of said outer shaft, said driving end attachment assembly including means for selectively engaging and disengaging an acetabular reamer; and    a flexible drive shaft disposed in said outer shaft, one end of said flexible drive shaft being connected to said driven end attachment assembly, and the other end of said flexible drive shaft being connected to said driving end attachment assembly.    
     
     
         32 . The driver of  claim 14 , said driven end attachment assembly and said driving end attachment assembly being in substantially linear alignment.  
     
     
         33 . (canceled)  
     
     
         34 . A driver for an acetabular reamer, comprising: 
 a hollow elongated outer shaft having a first end and a second end, said outer shaft having a fixed curved portion between said first end and said second end, said fixed curved portion adapted and arranged along said outer shaft for bypassing anatomical structures in a patient between said first and second ends as said driver is positioned for use;    a driven end attachment assembly at one said end of said outer shaft, said driven end attachment assembly being adapted for attachment to a rotary drive source;    a driving end attachment assembly at the other said end of said outer shaft, said driving end attachment assembly adapted for selectively engaging and disengaging an acetabular reamer,    a flexible drive shaft disposed in said outer shaft, one end of said flexible drive shaft being connected to said driven end attachment assembly, and the other end of said flexible drive shaft being connected to said driving end attachment assembly; and    said driving end attachment assembly including a universal joint connected to said flexible drive shaft.    
     
     
         35 . The driver of  claim 14 , said driven end attachment assembly including a shaft, and said outer shaft having a collar for rotatably receiving said shaft of said driven end attachment assembly.  
     
     
         36 . The driver of  claim 15 , said shaft of said driven end attachment assembly having a hollow end, and said flexible drive shaft having an end thereof secured in said hollow end.  
     
     
         37 . The driver of  claim 16 , said shaft of said driven end attachment assembly being in substantially linear alignment with said driving end attachment assembly.  
     
     
         38 . The driver of  claim 16 , said driving end attachment assembly having a hollow receiver, and said flexible drive shaft having an end thereof secured in said hollow receiver.  
     
     
         39 . A method for surgically preparing a bone, comprising steps of: 
 providing a surgical tool driver with a driven end attachment assembling and a driving end attachment assembly, and a curved shaft assembly there between, said curved shaft assembly including a rigid hollow outer shaft and a flexible drive shaft in said outer shaft, said flexible drive shaft connected to said driven end attachment assembling and said driving end attachment assembly;    providing a surgical tool for machining a surface of the bone;    attaching the surgical tool to the driving end attachment assembly;    connecting the driven end attachment assembly to a rotary drive source;    inserting the surgical tool through a surgical wound;    positioning the surgical tool against a bone surface while positioning the curved portion of the shaft assembly around intervening anatomy; and    driving the tool to machine the bone surface.    
     
     
         40 . The method of  claim 19 , including providing an acetabular reamer as said surgical tool, and machining a depression in an acetabulum of sufficient depth for receiving an acetabular cup.  
     
     
         41 . An apparatus to practice a method for surgically preparing a bone, comprising: 
 means for providing a surgical tool driver with a driven end attachment assembling and a driving end attachment assembly, and a curved shaft assembly there between, said curved shaft assembly including a rigid hollow outer shaft and a flexible drive shaft in said outer shaft, said flexible drive shaft connected to said driven end attachment assembling and said driving end attachment assembly;    means for providing a surgical tool for machining a surface of the bone;    means for attaching the surgical tool to the driving end attachment assembly;    means for connecting the driven end attachment assembly to a rotary drive source;    means for inserting the surgical tool through a surgical wound;    means for positioning the surgical tool against a bone surface while positioning the curved portion of the shaft assembly around intervening anatomy; and    means for driving the tool to machine the bone surface.